{"id":100,"date":"2020-09-03T15:35:25","date_gmt":"2020-09-03T12:35:25","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/acikkitap.com.tr\/dijital\/chapter\/__unknown__-26\/"},"modified":"2020-09-03T15:35:25","modified_gmt":"2020-09-03T12:35:25","slug":"__unknown__-26","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/acikkitap.com.tr\/dijital\/chapter\/__unknown__-26\/","title":{"raw":"Senaryo D: Tarihsel d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceyi geli\u015ftirme","rendered":"Senaryo D: Tarihsel d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceyi geli\u015ftirme"},"content":{"raw":"\n<p class=\"para2\"><img class=\"frame0\" src=\"http:\/\/acikkitap.com.tr\/dijital\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/09\/image0041.png\" alt=\"OEBPS\/images\/image0041.png\" width=\"813\" height=\"638\"><\/p>\n<span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><i><span lang=\"zxx\">\u015eekil 4-D \u00f6\u011frencilerin Pekin tarihi dersinde kulland\u0131klar\u0131 bir obje, 1964-2014\nG\u00f6rsel: \u00a9 zonaeuropa.com<\/span><\/i><\/span><\/span>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span lang=\"zxx\">Ralph Goodyear, ABD\u2019nde bir devlet \u00fcniversitesinde tarih profes\u00f6r\u00fc olarak g\u00f6rev yap\u0131yor. Ge\u00e7en d\u00f6nem HIST305 'Tarih Yaz\u0131m\u0131' isimli dersini, lisans d\u00fczeyinde 72 \u00f6\u011frenci ald\u0131. Dersin ilk \u00fc\u00e7 haftas\u0131nda, Goodyear a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki konular\u0131 i\u00e7eren 15\u2019er dakikal\u0131k k\u0131sa ders anlat\u0131m videolar\u0131 kaydetti:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n<ul>\n \t<li>\n<p class=\"list-bullet-4-western\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span lang=\"zxx\">tarih\u00e7iler taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131lan farkl\u0131 kaynaklar (eski yaz\u0131l\u0131 eserler, do\u011fum, evlilik ve \u00f6l\u00fcm kay\u0131tlar\u0131, tan\u0131k ifadeleri ve resimler, foto\u011fraflar ve kal\u0131nt\u0131lar gibi fiziksel kan\u0131tlar\u0131 da i\u00e7eren eserler);<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n \t<li>\n<p class=\"list-bullet-4-western\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span lang=\"zxx\">tarihsel analizlerin yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 konular;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n \t<li>\n<p class=\"list-bullet-4-western\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span lang=\"zxx\">tarih\u00e7iler taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131lan teknikler (anlat\u0131m, analiz ve yorumlama);<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n \t<li>\n<p class=\"list-bullet-4-western\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span lang=\"zxx\">tarihe dair \u00fc\u00e7 farkl\u0131 fikir veya kuram (nesnel, marksist, post modernist).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span lang=\"zxx\">\u00d6\u011frenciler, Goodyear\u2019\u0131n istedi\u011fi zamanlamaya g\u00f6re videolar\u0131 indirip izlemekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcyd\u00fc. S\u0131n\u0131f, videolarda ge\u00e7en konular\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fmak \u00fczere haftada 1 ya da 2'\u015fer saatlik derslerde bulu\u015fuyordu. \u00d6\u011frenciler i\u00e7in \u00fcniversitenin \u00f6\u011frenme y\u00f6netim sisteminde derse ayr\u0131lan sayfada bir \u00e7evrim i\u00e7i tart\u0131\u015fma forumu olu\u015fturulmu\u015ftu. Bu forumda Goodyear tart\u0131\u015fma i\u00e7in benzer konular a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u00d6\u011frencilerden not ald\u0131klar\u0131 her \u00e7evrim i\u00e7i konuya en az bir temel katk\u0131 yapmalar\u0131 bekleniyordu ve ald\u0131klar\u0131 not son s\u0131n\u0131fa kadar ge\u00e7erliydi. Bu \u00fc\u00e7 haftal\u0131k d\u00f6nemde, \u00f6\u011frencilerden ayr\u0131ca tarih yaz\u0131m\u0131 konusunda bir ders kitab\u0131n\u0131 okumalar\u0131 bekleniyordu.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span lang=\"zxx\">D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc haftada, Goodyear s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 alt\u0131\u015far ki\u015filik on iki gruba ay\u0131rd\u0131 ve her gruptan son 50 sene i\u00e7inde ABD d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki herhangi bir \u015fehrin tarihini ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 istedi. Gruplara, \u00fcniversitenin k\u00fct\u00fcphanesi haricinde, bulabilecekleri t\u00fcm kaynaklardan faydalanmalar\u0131 s\u00f6ylendi: gazete haberleri, resimler, ara\u015ft\u0131rma raporlar\u0131, vb. gibi \u00e7evrim i\u00e7i kaynaklar d\u00e2hil. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n\u0131n sonunda, gruptan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki g\u00f6revleri i\u00e7eren bir rapor haz\u0131rlamalar\u0131 bekleniyordu:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n<ul>\n \t<li>\n<p class=\"list-bullet-4-western\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span lang=\"zxx\">bu 50 y\u0131l\u0131 kapsayan bir konu se\u00e7ip, o konuyla ilgili bir anlat\u0131 (hik\u00e2ye) yazmalar\u0131;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n \t<li>\n<p class=\"list-bullet-4-western\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span lang=\"zxx\">raporlar\u0131nda kulland\u0131klar\u0131 kaynaklar\u0131 belirtmeleri ve niye baz\u0131 kaynaklar\u0131 se\u00e7ip baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 kullanmad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n \t<li>\n<p class=\"list-bullet-4-western\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span lang=\"zxx\">izledikleri yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131, derslerde tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lan \u00fc\u00e7 tarihsel fikir ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n \t<li>\n<p class=\"list-bullet-4-western\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span lang=\"zxx\">raporlar\u0131n\u0131, \u00fcniversitenin \u00f6\u011frenme y\u00f6netim sisteminde derse ayr\u0131lan sayfaya \u00e7evrim i\u00e7i e-portfolyo olarak y\u00fcklemeleri.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span lang=\"zxx\">\u00d6\u011frencilere, bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmeleri i\u00e7in be\u015f haftal\u0131k s\u00fcre verildi.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span lang=\"zxx\">Dersin son \u00fc\u00e7 haftas\u0131, gruplar\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 anlatt\u0131klar\u0131 ve hem s\u0131n\u0131fla hem de \u00e7evrim i\u00e7i ortamda tart\u0131\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 grup sunumlar\u0131na ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131 (S\u0131n\u0131f i\u00e7i sunumlar kaydedildi ve \u00e7evrim i\u00e7i olarak eri\u015filebilirli\u011fi sa\u011fland\u0131). Dersin sonunda, \u00f6\u011frenciler di\u011fer gruplar\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n her birine not verdiler. Goodyear \u00f6\u011frencilerin de\u011ferlendirmelerini dikkate al\u0131yor ancak notlarda d\u00fczeltme yapma hakk\u0131n\u0131 da sakl\u0131 tutuyor ve yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 her d\u00fczeltme i\u00e7in bir gerek\u00e7e bildiriyordu. Goodyear ayr\u0131ca her \u00f6\u011frenciye hem grup notuna hem de \u00e7evrim i\u00e7i ve s\u0131n\u0131f tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na ki\u015fisel katk\u0131s\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak bireysel bir not verdi.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span lang=\"zxx\">Dersin sonunda Goodyear, \u00f6\u011frencilerin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n niteli\u011finin onu hem \u015fa\u015f\u0131rtt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hem de memnun etti\u011fini s\u00f6yledi. \"Ho\u015fuma giden \u015fey \u015fu oldu; \u00f6\u011frenciler<\/span><em class=\"western\"><span lang=\"zxx\"><i> tarihi <\/i><\/span><\/em><span lang=\"zxx\">\u00f6\u011frenmediler,<\/span><em class=\"western\"><span lang=\"zxx\"><i> tarihi<\/i><\/span><\/em><span lang=\"zxx\"> yazd\u0131lar.\" diyerek memnuniyetini belirtti.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span lang=\"zxx\">Ger\u00e7ek bir hik\u00e2yeye dayanmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n","rendered":"<p class=\"para2\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"frame0\" src=\"http:\/\/acikkitap.com.tr\/dijital\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/09\/image0041.png\" alt=\"OEBPS\/images\/image0041.png\" width=\"813\" height=\"638\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><i><span lang=\"zxx\">\u015eekil 4-D \u00f6\u011frencilerin Pekin tarihi dersinde kulland\u0131klar\u0131 bir obje, 1964-2014<br \/>\nG\u00f6rsel: \u00a9 zonaeuropa.com<\/span><\/i><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span lang=\"zxx\">Ralph Goodyear, ABD\u2019nde bir devlet \u00fcniversitesinde tarih profes\u00f6r\u00fc olarak g\u00f6rev yap\u0131yor. Ge\u00e7en d\u00f6nem HIST305 &#8216;Tarih Yaz\u0131m\u0131&#8217; isimli dersini, lisans d\u00fczeyinde 72 \u00f6\u011frenci ald\u0131. Dersin ilk \u00fc\u00e7 haftas\u0131nda, Goodyear a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki konular\u0131 i\u00e7eren 15\u2019er dakikal\u0131k k\u0131sa ders anlat\u0131m videolar\u0131 kaydetti:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p class=\"list-bullet-4-western\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span lang=\"zxx\">tarih\u00e7iler taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131lan farkl\u0131 kaynaklar (eski yaz\u0131l\u0131 eserler, do\u011fum, evlilik ve \u00f6l\u00fcm kay\u0131tlar\u0131, tan\u0131k ifadeleri ve resimler, foto\u011fraflar ve kal\u0131nt\u0131lar gibi fiziksel kan\u0131tlar\u0131 da i\u00e7eren eserler);<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"list-bullet-4-western\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span lang=\"zxx\">tarihsel analizlerin yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 konular;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"list-bullet-4-western\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span lang=\"zxx\">tarih\u00e7iler taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131lan teknikler (anlat\u0131m, analiz ve yorumlama);<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"list-bullet-4-western\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span lang=\"zxx\">tarihe dair \u00fc\u00e7 farkl\u0131 fikir veya kuram (nesnel, marksist, post modernist).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span lang=\"zxx\">\u00d6\u011frenciler, Goodyear\u2019\u0131n istedi\u011fi zamanlamaya g\u00f6re videolar\u0131 indirip izlemekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcyd\u00fc. S\u0131n\u0131f, videolarda ge\u00e7en konular\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fmak \u00fczere haftada 1 ya da 2&#8217;\u015fer saatlik derslerde bulu\u015fuyordu. \u00d6\u011frenciler i\u00e7in \u00fcniversitenin \u00f6\u011frenme y\u00f6netim sisteminde derse ayr\u0131lan sayfada bir \u00e7evrim i\u00e7i tart\u0131\u015fma forumu olu\u015fturulmu\u015ftu. Bu forumda Goodyear tart\u0131\u015fma i\u00e7in benzer konular a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u00d6\u011frencilerden not ald\u0131klar\u0131 her \u00e7evrim i\u00e7i konuya en az bir temel katk\u0131 yapmalar\u0131 bekleniyordu ve ald\u0131klar\u0131 not son s\u0131n\u0131fa kadar ge\u00e7erliydi. Bu \u00fc\u00e7 haftal\u0131k d\u00f6nemde, \u00f6\u011frencilerden ayr\u0131ca tarih yaz\u0131m\u0131 konusunda bir ders kitab\u0131n\u0131 okumalar\u0131 bekleniyordu.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span lang=\"zxx\">D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc haftada, Goodyear s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 alt\u0131\u015far ki\u015filik on iki gruba ay\u0131rd\u0131 ve her gruptan son 50 sene i\u00e7inde ABD d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki herhangi bir \u015fehrin tarihini ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 istedi. Gruplara, \u00fcniversitenin k\u00fct\u00fcphanesi haricinde, bulabilecekleri t\u00fcm kaynaklardan faydalanmalar\u0131 s\u00f6ylendi: gazete haberleri, resimler, ara\u015ft\u0131rma raporlar\u0131, vb. gibi \u00e7evrim i\u00e7i kaynaklar d\u00e2hil. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n\u0131n sonunda, gruptan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki g\u00f6revleri i\u00e7eren bir rapor haz\u0131rlamalar\u0131 bekleniyordu:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p class=\"list-bullet-4-western\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span lang=\"zxx\">bu 50 y\u0131l\u0131 kapsayan bir konu se\u00e7ip, o konuyla ilgili bir anlat\u0131 (hik\u00e2ye) yazmalar\u0131;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"list-bullet-4-western\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span lang=\"zxx\">raporlar\u0131nda kulland\u0131klar\u0131 kaynaklar\u0131 belirtmeleri ve niye baz\u0131 kaynaklar\u0131 se\u00e7ip baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 kullanmad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"list-bullet-4-western\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span lang=\"zxx\">izledikleri yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131, derslerde tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lan \u00fc\u00e7 tarihsel fikir ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"list-bullet-4-western\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span lang=\"zxx\">raporlar\u0131n\u0131, \u00fcniversitenin \u00f6\u011frenme y\u00f6netim sisteminde derse ayr\u0131lan sayfaya \u00e7evrim i\u00e7i e-portfolyo olarak y\u00fcklemeleri.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span lang=\"zxx\">\u00d6\u011frencilere, bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmeleri i\u00e7in be\u015f haftal\u0131k s\u00fcre verildi.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span lang=\"zxx\">Dersin son \u00fc\u00e7 haftas\u0131, gruplar\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 anlatt\u0131klar\u0131 ve hem s\u0131n\u0131fla hem de \u00e7evrim i\u00e7i ortamda tart\u0131\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 grup sunumlar\u0131na ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131 (S\u0131n\u0131f i\u00e7i sunumlar kaydedildi ve \u00e7evrim i\u00e7i olarak eri\u015filebilirli\u011fi sa\u011fland\u0131). Dersin sonunda, \u00f6\u011frenciler di\u011fer gruplar\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n her birine not verdiler. Goodyear \u00f6\u011frencilerin de\u011ferlendirmelerini dikkate al\u0131yor ancak notlarda d\u00fczeltme yapma hakk\u0131n\u0131 da sakl\u0131 tutuyor ve yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 her d\u00fczeltme i\u00e7in bir gerek\u00e7e bildiriyordu. Goodyear ayr\u0131ca her \u00f6\u011frenciye hem grup notuna hem de \u00e7evrim i\u00e7i ve s\u0131n\u0131f tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na ki\u015fisel katk\u0131s\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak bireysel bir not verdi.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span lang=\"zxx\">Dersin sonunda Goodyear, \u00f6\u011frencilerin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n niteli\u011finin onu hem \u015fa\u015f\u0131rtt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hem de memnun etti\u011fini s\u00f6yledi. &#8220;Ho\u015fuma giden \u015fey \u015fu oldu; \u00f6\u011frenciler<\/span><em class=\"western\"><span lang=\"zxx\"><i> tarihi <\/i><\/span><\/em><span lang=\"zxx\">\u00f6\u011frenmediler,<\/span><em class=\"western\"><span lang=\"zxx\"><i> tarihi<\/i><\/span><\/em><span lang=\"zxx\"> yazd\u0131lar.&#8221; diyerek memnuniyetini belirtti.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span lang=\"zxx\">Ger\u00e7ek bir hik\u00e2yeye dayanmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"menu_order":1,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[48],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-100","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry","chapter-type-numberless"],"part":98,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/acikkitap.com.tr\/dijital\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/100","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/acikkitap.com.tr\/dijital\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/acikkitap.com.tr\/dijital\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/acikkitap.com.tr\/dijital\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/acikkitap.com.tr\/dijital\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/100\/revisions"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/acikkitap.com.tr\/dijital\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/98"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/acikkitap.com.tr\/dijital\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/100\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/acikkitap.com.tr\/dijital\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=100"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/acikkitap.com.tr\/dijital\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=100"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/acikkitap.com.tr\/dijital\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=100"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/acikkitap.com.tr\/dijital\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=100"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}