{"id":126,"date":"2020-09-03T15:35:36","date_gmt":"2020-09-03T12:35:36","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/acikkitap.com.tr\/dijital\/chapter\/__unknown__-36\/"},"modified":"2020-09-03T15:35:36","modified_gmt":"2020-09-03T12:35:36","slug":"__unknown__-36","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/acikkitap.com.tr\/dijital\/chapter\/__unknown__-36\/","title":{"raw":"5.1 K\u0131sa tarih\u00e7e","rendered":"5.1 K\u0131sa tarih\u00e7e"},"content":{"raw":"\n<p class=\"para2\"><img class=\"frame0\" src=\"http:\/\/acikkitap.com.tr\/dijital\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/09\/image0057.png\" alt=\"OEBPS\/images\/image0057.png\"><\/p>\n<span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><i><span lang=\"zxx\">\u015eekil 5.1.1 Daphne Koller\u2019in TED Konu\u015fmas\u0131 (2012)\nBu Youtube videosunu izlemek i\u00e7in g\u00f6rselin \u00fczerine t\u0131klay\u0131n. Bu videoya cevap niteli\u011findeki konu\u015fmay\u0131 dinlemek i\u00e7in bak\u0131n\u0131z: \u2018Coursera tarz\u0131 KA\u00c7D\u2019lerdeki yanl\u0131\u015flar ve do\u011frular .<\/span><\/i><\/span><\/span>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span lang=\"zxx\">KA\u00c7D terimi, Kanada\u2019daki Manitoba \u00dcniversitesi taraf\u0131ndan verilen bir ders i\u00e7in ilk defa 2008 senesinde kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. George Siemens, Stephen Downes ve Dave Cormier taraf\u0131ndan tasarlanan bu kredisiz dersin ad\u0131, <\/span><span lang=\"zxx\"><i>Ba\u011flant\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k ve Ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 Bilgi<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"zxx\"> (<\/span><span lang=\"zxx\"><i>CK08<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"zxx\">) idi. Dersi \u00fcniversiteye kay\u0131tl\u0131 olan ve \u00f6\u011frenim \u00fccreti \u00f6deyen 27 \u00f6\u011frenci ald\u0131. Bu \u00f6\u011frencilere \u00e7evrim i\u00e7i ders \u00fccretsiz olarak teklif edildi. E\u011fitmenleri \u015fa\u015f\u0131rtarak dersin \u00fccretsiz k\u0131sm\u0131na 2.200 \u00f6\u011frenci kaydoldu. Downes bu dersi ve bunu takip eden benzer dersleri, tasar\u0131mlar\u0131 nedeniyle Ba\u011flant\u0131c\u0131 KA\u00c7D veya k\u0131saca bKA\u00c7D olarak s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rd\u0131 (Downes, 2012).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span lang=\"zxx\">2011 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcz d\u00f6neminde, Stanford \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nden iki bilgisayar bilimleri profes\u00f6r\u00fc `<\/span><em class=\"western\"><span lang=\"zxx\"><i>Yapay Zek\u00e2ya Giri\u015f<\/i><\/span><\/em><span lang=\"zxx\">\u2019 konusunda bir KA\u00c7D ba\u015flatt\u0131lar. Sebastian Thrun ve Peter Norvig\u2019in dersine 160.000\u2019in \u00fczerinde ki\u015fi kaydoldu. Bunun hemen ard\u0131ndan, Standford \u00f6\u011fretim \u00fcyelerinden Andrew Ng ve Daphne Koller taraf\u0131ndan yine bilgisayar bilimleri alan\u0131nda iki KA\u00c7D daha a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131. Daha sonra Thrun Udacity\u2019i, Ng ve Koller de Coursera \u2019y\u0131 kurdular. Bu olu\u015fumlar, \u00f6zel olarak geli\u015ftirdikleri kendi yaz\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 kullanarak kitlesel d\u00fczeyde kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011fu bir \u00f6\u011fretim platformu sa\u011flayan, k\u00e2r amac\u0131 g\u00fctmeyen kurulu\u015flard\u0131. Udacity ve Coursera, \u00f6nde gelen di\u011fer \u00fcniversitelerle ortakl\u0131klar kurdular. Ortakl\u0131kta yer almak isteyen \u00fcniversiteler, belli bir \u00fccret kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kendi KA\u00c7D\u2019lerini bu platformlar \u00fczerinde sunabiliyorlard\u0131. 2013'de y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc de\u011fi\u015ftiren <\/span><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span lang=\"zxx\">Udacity, art\u0131k daha \u00e7ok mesleki ve kurumsal e\u011fitim pazar\u0131na y\u00f6nelmi\u015f<\/span><\/span><span lang=\"zxx\"> durumdad\u0131r.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span lang=\"zxx\">Massachusettes Teknoloji Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc (MIT) ve Harvard \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nin Mart 2012\u2019de KA\u00c7D\u2019ler i\u00e7in olu\u015fturdu\u011fu edX isimli a\u00e7\u0131k kaynak kodlu platform, \u00e7evrim i\u00e7i kay\u0131t ve \u00f6\u011fretim ama\u00e7l\u0131 da kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. edX, kurslar\u0131na ev sahipli\u011fi yapmak i\u00e7in do\u011frudan \u00fccret \u00f6demeden KA\u00c7D'leri sunmak amac\u0131yla \u00f6nde gelen \u00fcniversitelerle ortakl\u0131klar geli\u015ftirmi\u015ftir ancak baz\u0131lar\u0131 edX'te ortak olmak i\u00e7in \u00f6deme yapm\u0131\u015f olabilir. KA\u00c7D\u2019ler i\u00e7in ba\u015fka platformlar da geli\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir: \u0130ngiltere\u2019nin A\u00e7\u0131k \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nin geli\u015ftirdi\u011fi FutureLearn gibi... Bu platformlar \u00fczerinde verilen KA\u00c7D\u2019lerin b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu temelde ders anlat\u0131m videolar\u0131 ve bilgisayarl\u0131 optik okuyucu bazl\u0131 de\u011ferlendirme testlerine dayal\u0131 oldu\u011fundan Downes bunlar\u0131 Ba\u011flant\u0131c\u0131 KA\u00c7D\u2019lerden ay\u0131rm\u0131\u015f ve Geni\u015fletilmi\u015f KA\u00c7D ya da k\u0131saca gKA\u00c7D olarak s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span lang=\"zxx\">Mart 2019\u2019da, d\u00fcnya genelinde 900 \u00fcniversitenin 11.000\u2019den fazla KA\u00c7D kursu bulunmaktad\u0131r ve bu kurslar\u0131n 100 milyonun \u00fczerinde kay\u0131tl\u0131 kursiyeri mevcuttur (Shah ve Pickard, 2019 ).&lt;dilim&nbsp;401 2017-2018\u2019deki b\u00fcy\u00fck de\u011fi\u015fim, KA\u00c7D tabanl\u0131 derecelere ge\u00e7i\u015f oldu, 2017\u2019de ve 2018'de 15 derece a\u00e7\u0131klayan yedi \u00fcniversite,ve 30 \u00fcniversite daha kat\u0131ld\u0131 ve 45\u2019ten fazla program a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131. (Johnson, 2019).<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span lang=\"zxx\">Tam derecelere ek olarak EdX ve Coursera, her biri kendi markalar\u0131na sahip \u00e7oklu mikro-kimlik bilgileri sunar. Genel olarak 2018'in sonunda 630 mikro akreditasyon bilgisi vard\u0131 ancak yeni kimlik bilgilerinin \u00e7o\u011fu yaln\u0131zca iki akreditasyon bilgisinden, Coursera uzmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve edX profesyonel sertifikas\u0131ndan geliyordu (Johnson, 2019 ).<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"western\"><span lang=\"zxx\">Kaynak\u00e7a<\/span><\/h3>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span lang=\"zxx\">Downes, S. (2012) Massively Open Online Courses are here to stay, Stephen\u2019s Web, July 20<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span lang=\"zxx\">Johnson, S. (2019) Much ado about MOOCs: Where are we in the evolution of MOOCs? <\/span><em class=\"western\"><span lang=\"zxx\"><i>Edsurge On Air<\/i><\/span><\/em><span lang=\"zxx\">, 26 February<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span lang=\"zxx\">Shah, D. and Pickard. L. (2019) <\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span lang=\"zxx\"><i>Massive list of MOOC providers around the world,<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span lang=\"zxx\"> Class Central, 30 July<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n","rendered":"<p class=\"para2\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"frame0\" src=\"http:\/\/acikkitap.com.tr\/dijital\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/09\/image0057.png\" alt=\"OEBPS\/images\/image0057.png\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><i><span lang=\"zxx\">\u015eekil 5.1.1 Daphne Koller\u2019in TED Konu\u015fmas\u0131 (2012)<br \/>\nBu Youtube videosunu izlemek i\u00e7in g\u00f6rselin \u00fczerine t\u0131klay\u0131n. Bu videoya cevap niteli\u011findeki konu\u015fmay\u0131 dinlemek i\u00e7in bak\u0131n\u0131z: \u2018Coursera tarz\u0131 KA\u00c7D\u2019lerdeki yanl\u0131\u015flar ve do\u011frular .<\/span><\/i><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span lang=\"zxx\">KA\u00c7D terimi, Kanada\u2019daki Manitoba \u00dcniversitesi taraf\u0131ndan verilen bir ders i\u00e7in ilk defa 2008 senesinde kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. George Siemens, Stephen Downes ve Dave Cormier taraf\u0131ndan tasarlanan bu kredisiz dersin ad\u0131, <\/span><span lang=\"zxx\"><i>Ba\u011flant\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k ve Ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 Bilgi<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"zxx\"> (<\/span><span lang=\"zxx\"><i>CK08<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"zxx\">) idi. Dersi \u00fcniversiteye kay\u0131tl\u0131 olan ve \u00f6\u011frenim \u00fccreti \u00f6deyen 27 \u00f6\u011frenci ald\u0131. Bu \u00f6\u011frencilere \u00e7evrim i\u00e7i ders \u00fccretsiz olarak teklif edildi. E\u011fitmenleri \u015fa\u015f\u0131rtarak dersin \u00fccretsiz k\u0131sm\u0131na 2.200 \u00f6\u011frenci kaydoldu. Downes bu dersi ve bunu takip eden benzer dersleri, tasar\u0131mlar\u0131 nedeniyle Ba\u011flant\u0131c\u0131 KA\u00c7D veya k\u0131saca bKA\u00c7D olarak s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rd\u0131 (Downes, 2012).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span lang=\"zxx\">2011 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcz d\u00f6neminde, Stanford \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nden iki bilgisayar bilimleri profes\u00f6r\u00fc `<\/span><em class=\"western\"><span lang=\"zxx\"><i>Yapay Zek\u00e2ya Giri\u015f<\/i><\/span><\/em><span lang=\"zxx\">\u2019 konusunda bir KA\u00c7D ba\u015flatt\u0131lar. Sebastian Thrun ve Peter Norvig\u2019in dersine 160.000\u2019in \u00fczerinde ki\u015fi kaydoldu. Bunun hemen ard\u0131ndan, Standford \u00f6\u011fretim \u00fcyelerinden Andrew Ng ve Daphne Koller taraf\u0131ndan yine bilgisayar bilimleri alan\u0131nda iki KA\u00c7D daha a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131. Daha sonra Thrun Udacity\u2019i, Ng ve Koller de Coursera \u2019y\u0131 kurdular. Bu olu\u015fumlar, \u00f6zel olarak geli\u015ftirdikleri kendi yaz\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 kullanarak kitlesel d\u00fczeyde kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011fu bir \u00f6\u011fretim platformu sa\u011flayan, k\u00e2r amac\u0131 g\u00fctmeyen kurulu\u015flard\u0131. Udacity ve Coursera, \u00f6nde gelen di\u011fer \u00fcniversitelerle ortakl\u0131klar kurdular. Ortakl\u0131kta yer almak isteyen \u00fcniversiteler, belli bir \u00fccret kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kendi KA\u00c7D\u2019lerini bu platformlar \u00fczerinde sunabiliyorlard\u0131. 2013&#8217;de y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc de\u011fi\u015ftiren <\/span><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span lang=\"zxx\">Udacity, art\u0131k daha \u00e7ok mesleki ve kurumsal e\u011fitim pazar\u0131na y\u00f6nelmi\u015f<\/span><\/span><span lang=\"zxx\"> durumdad\u0131r.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span lang=\"zxx\">Massachusettes Teknoloji Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc (MIT) ve Harvard \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nin Mart 2012\u2019de KA\u00c7D\u2019ler i\u00e7in olu\u015fturdu\u011fu edX isimli a\u00e7\u0131k kaynak kodlu platform, \u00e7evrim i\u00e7i kay\u0131t ve \u00f6\u011fretim ama\u00e7l\u0131 da kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. edX, kurslar\u0131na ev sahipli\u011fi yapmak i\u00e7in do\u011frudan \u00fccret \u00f6demeden KA\u00c7D&#8217;leri sunmak amac\u0131yla \u00f6nde gelen \u00fcniversitelerle ortakl\u0131klar geli\u015ftirmi\u015ftir ancak baz\u0131lar\u0131 edX&#8217;te ortak olmak i\u00e7in \u00f6deme yapm\u0131\u015f olabilir. KA\u00c7D\u2019ler i\u00e7in ba\u015fka platformlar da geli\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir: \u0130ngiltere\u2019nin A\u00e7\u0131k \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nin geli\u015ftirdi\u011fi FutureLearn gibi&#8230; Bu platformlar \u00fczerinde verilen KA\u00c7D\u2019lerin b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu temelde ders anlat\u0131m videolar\u0131 ve bilgisayarl\u0131 optik okuyucu bazl\u0131 de\u011ferlendirme testlerine dayal\u0131 oldu\u011fundan Downes bunlar\u0131 Ba\u011flant\u0131c\u0131 KA\u00c7D\u2019lerden ay\u0131rm\u0131\u015f ve Geni\u015fletilmi\u015f KA\u00c7D ya da k\u0131saca gKA\u00c7D olarak s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span lang=\"zxx\">Mart 2019\u2019da, d\u00fcnya genelinde 900 \u00fcniversitenin 11.000\u2019den fazla KA\u00c7D kursu bulunmaktad\u0131r ve bu kurslar\u0131n 100 milyonun \u00fczerinde kay\u0131tl\u0131 kursiyeri mevcuttur (Shah ve Pickard, 2019 ).&lt;dilim&nbsp;401 2017-2018\u2019deki b\u00fcy\u00fck de\u011fi\u015fim, KA\u00c7D tabanl\u0131 derecelere ge\u00e7i\u015f oldu, 2017\u2019de ve 2018&#8217;de 15 derece a\u00e7\u0131klayan yedi \u00fcniversite,ve 30 \u00fcniversite daha kat\u0131ld\u0131 ve 45\u2019ten fazla program a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131. (Johnson, 2019).<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span lang=\"zxx\">Tam derecelere ek olarak EdX ve Coursera, her biri kendi markalar\u0131na sahip \u00e7oklu mikro-kimlik bilgileri sunar. Genel olarak 2018&#8217;in sonunda 630 mikro akreditasyon bilgisi vard\u0131 ancak yeni kimlik bilgilerinin \u00e7o\u011fu yaln\u0131zca iki akreditasyon bilgisinden, Coursera uzmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve edX profesyonel sertifikas\u0131ndan geliyordu (Johnson, 2019 ).<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"western\"><span lang=\"zxx\">Kaynak\u00e7a<\/span><\/h3>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span lang=\"zxx\">Downes, S. (2012) Massively Open Online Courses are here to stay, Stephen\u2019s Web, July 20<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span lang=\"zxx\">Johnson, S. (2019) Much ado about MOOCs: Where are we in the evolution of MOOCs? <\/span><em class=\"western\"><span lang=\"zxx\"><i>Edsurge On Air<\/i><\/span><\/em><span lang=\"zxx\">, 26 February<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span lang=\"zxx\">Shah, D. and Pickard. L. (2019) <\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span lang=\"zxx\"><i>Massive list of MOOC providers around the world,<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span lang=\"zxx\"> Class Central, 30 July<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"menu_order":1,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[48],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-126","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry","chapter-type-numberless"],"part":124,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/acikkitap.com.tr\/dijital\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/126","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/acikkitap.com.tr\/dijital\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/acikkitap.com.tr\/dijital\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/acikkitap.com.tr\/dijital\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/acikkitap.com.tr\/dijital\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/126\/revisions"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/acikkitap.com.tr\/dijital\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/124"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/acikkitap.com.tr\/dijital\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/126\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/acikkitap.com.tr\/dijital\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=126"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/acikkitap.com.tr\/dijital\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=126"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/acikkitap.com.tr\/dijital\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=126"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/acikkitap.com.tr\/dijital\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=126"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}