{"id":161,"date":"2020-09-03T15:35:58","date_gmt":"2020-09-03T12:35:58","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/acikkitap.com.tr\/dijital\/chapter\/__unknown__-49\/"},"modified":"2020-09-03T15:35:58","modified_gmt":"2020-09-03T12:35:58","slug":"__unknown__-49","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/acikkitap.com.tr\/dijital\/chapter\/__unknown__-49\/","title":{"raw":"6.8 \u00d6\u011frenmenin de\u011ferlendirilmesi","rendered":"6.8 \u00d6\u011frenmenin de\u011ferlendirilmesi"},"content":{"raw":"\n<p class=\"para2\"><img class=\"frame0\" src=\"http:\/\/acikkitap.com.tr\/dijital\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/09\/image0078.png\" alt=\"OEBPS\/images\/image0078.png\" width=\"811\" height=\"623\"><\/p>\n<p lang=\"zxx\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><i>\u015eekil 6.8.1 De\u011ferlendirme<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n<blockquote>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><em class=\"western\">\u2018<\/em><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><em class=\"western\"><span lang=\"zxx\"><i>De\u011ferlendirmenin her zaman en son gelmesi hep beni hayrete d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr; yaln\u0131zca i\u015f birimi olarak de\u011fil \u00f6\u011fretmenlerin planlamas\u0131nda da\u2026 De\u011ferlendirme neredeyse hep sonradan akla gelen bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce gibi olmu\u015ftur\u2026<\/i><\/span><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><em class=\"western\"><span lang=\"zxx\"><i>\u00d6\u011fretmenler\u2026de\u011ferlendirmenin birbiriyle rekabet i\u00e7inde olan hedefleri aras\u0131nda s\u0131k\u0131\u015fan\u2026\u00f6\u011fretmenler, bu talepleri uzla\u015ft\u0131rmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kald\u0131klar\u0131 zorluklar nedeniyle hayal k\u0131r\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve kafa kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7erisindedir.\u2019<\/i><\/span><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p lang=\"zxx\" style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Earle, 2003<\/span><\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"western\" lang=\"zxx\">6.8.1 Dijital \u00e7a\u011fda \u00f6\u011frenen de\u011ferlendirmesi<\/h3>\n<p lang=\"zxx\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">De\u011ferlendirme \u00e7ok geni\u015f bir konu oldu\u011fundani bu k\u0131sm\u0131n ama\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ortaya koymam gerekir:<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"zxx\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">a) etkili ve kapsaml\u0131 bir \u00f6\u011frenme ortam\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturan unsurlardan birini mercek alt\u0131na almak, ve<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"zxx\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">b) de\u011ferlendirmenin dijital bir d\u00fcnyada ne noktada de\u011fi\u015fti\u011fini veya de\u011fi\u015fmesi gerekti\u011fini k\u0131saca incelemek.<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"zxx\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">De\u011ferlendirme konusu da yine kitab\u0131n bir\u00e7ok yerinde ancak \u00f6zellikle a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerde ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r:<\/span><\/p>\n\n<ul>\n \t<li>\n<p class=\"list-bullet-4-western\" lang=\"zxx\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Senaryo C<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n \t<li>\n<p class=\"list-bullet-4-western\" lang=\"zxx\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Tema 5, B\u00f6l\u00fcm 4.6<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n \t<li>\n<p class=\"list-bullet-4-western\" lang=\"zxx\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Tema 8.7 c<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n \t<li>\n<p class=\"list-bullet-4-western\" lang=\"zxx\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Tema 11, B\u00f6l\u00fcm 4.3<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n \t<li>\n<p class=\"list-bullet-4-western\" lang=\"zxx\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Tema 12, B\u00f6l\u00fcm 11 .<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p lang=\"zxx\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Buna ra\u011fmen, de\u011ferlendirmenin tek ba\u015f\u0131na ele al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi kanaatindeyim. \u00d6\u011frenci davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n, en \u00e7ok nas\u0131l de\u011ferlendirilecekleri sorusuna ald\u0131klar\u0131 cevaptan etkilendi\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum. T\u00fcm \u00f6\u011frenciler i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erli olmasa da i\u00e7inde ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z dijital \u00e7a\u011fda \u00f6\u011frencilerin \u00fczerindeki rekabet bask\u0131s\u0131 da d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde, \u00e7o\u011fu \u2018ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131\u2019 \u00f6\u011frencinin nelerin de\u011ferlendirmeye d\u00e2hil olaca\u011f\u0131 ve de\u011ferlendirmede kendilerinden beklenenleri en etkin \u015fekilde (ve m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olan en k\u0131sa zamanda) nas\u0131l kar\u015f\u0131layabileceklerine yo\u011funla\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Bu nedenle de, \u00e7o\u011fu durumda de\u011ferlendirme y\u00f6ntemlerine ili\u015fkin kararlar, etkili bir \u00f6\u011frenme ortam\u0131 olu\u015fturmada kritik \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"western\" lang=\"zxx\">6.8.2 De\u011ferlendirmenin amac\u0131<\/h3>\n<p lang=\"zxx\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">\u00d6\u011frencileri de\u011ferlendirmenin bir\u00e7ok nedeni vard\u0131r. Tek bir de\u011ferlendirme arac\u0131 t\u00fcm de\u011ferlendirme ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131na cevap veremeyece\u011finden, de\u011ferlendirmenin amac\u0131 konusunda a\u00e7\u0131k ve net olmak \u00f6nemlidir. \u0130lk anda akl\u0131ma gelen de\u011ferlendirme ama\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da listeliyorum; sizin akl\u0131n\u0131za ba\u015fka nedenler de gelebilir:<\/span><\/p>\n\n<ul>\n \t<li>\n<p class=\"list-bullet-4-western\" lang=\"zxx\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">\u00f6\u011frencilerin \u00f6\u011frenme s\u00fcrecini geli\u015ftirmek ve geni\u015fletmek;<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n \t<li>\n<p class=\"list-bullet-4-western\" lang=\"zxx\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">istenen \u00f6\u011frenme hedefleri veya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131lar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6\u011frencilerin bilgi ve yeterliliklerini de\u011ferlendirmek;<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n \t<li>\n<p class=\"list-bullet-4-western\" lang=\"zxx\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">\u00f6\u011fretmen veya \u00f6\u011fretim eleman\u0131na \u00f6\u011fretimin etkilili\u011fi ve nas\u0131l iyile\u015ftirilebilece\u011fi konusunda geri bildirim sa\u011flamak;<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n \t<li>\n<p class=\"list-bullet-4-western\" lang=\"zxx\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">i\u015fverenlere \u00f6\u011frencilerin ne bildi\u011fi ve\/veya ne yapabildi\u011fi konusunda bilgi sa\u011flamak;<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n \t<li>\n<p class=\"list-bullet-4-western\" lang=\"zxx\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">\u00f6\u011frencileri ileri d\u00fczey \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar, i\u015f olanaklar\u0131 veya mesleki geli\u015fim i\u00e7in se\u00e7mek;<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n \t<li>\n<p class=\"list-bullet-4-western\" lang=\"zxx\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">finansal ama\u00e7lar veya kurumsal g\u00fcvenilirli\u011fi ve hesap verebilirli\u011fi sa\u011flamak.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p lang=\"zxx\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Etkili bir \u00f6\u011frenme ortam\u0131 olu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in bu nedenlerin \u00f6nem s\u0131ras\u0131na karar vermenizi size b\u0131rak\u0131yorum.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"western\" lang=\"zxx\">6.8.3 De\u011ferlendirme y\u00f6ntemleri<\/h3>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span lang=\"zxx\">De\u011ferlendirmenin amac\u0131 ve ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bi\u00e7im, \u00f6\u011fretmenlerin veya de\u011ferlendirenlern felsefi duru\u015flar\u0131yla yak\u0131ndan ilgilidir: inand\u0131klar\u0131 \u015fey bilgiyi ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u00f6\u011frencilerin bilgilerini nas\u0131l g\u00f6stermeleri gerekti\u011fini ortaya koyar. \u00d6\u011frencilerin dijital \u00e7a\u011fda ihtiya\u00e7 duyduklar\u0131 bilgi ve beceriler de de\u011ferlendirmenin bi\u00e7imini etkiler. Bunun anlam\u0131, i\u00e7erik bilgisi kadar becerilerin <\/span><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span lang=\"zxx\">de\u011ferlendirilmesine<\/span><\/span><span lang=\"zxx\"> de yo\u011funla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fidir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla s\u00fcrekli veya bi\u00e7imlendirici de\u011ferlendirme \u00f6zet veya \u201cder sonu\u201d de\u011ferlendirmesi <\/span><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span lang=\"zxx\">kadar<\/span><\/span><span lang=\"zxx\"> \u00f6nemli olarakt\u0131r.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"zxx\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">\u00c7ok \u00e7e\u015fitli de\u011ferlendirme y\u00f6ntemlerinden bahsedebiliriz. Teknolojinin \u00f6\u011frencileri de\u011ferlendirme y\u00f6ntemlerimizi nas\u0131l de\u011fi\u015ftirebildi\u011fini g\u00f6stermek i\u00e7in birka\u00e7 \u00f6rnek se\u00e7tim:<\/span><\/p>\n\n<h4 class=\"western\" lang=\"zxx\">6.8.3.1 De\u011ferlendirme yok<\/h4>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span lang=\"zxx\">Dikkate al\u0131nmas\u0131 gereken sorulardan biri, belki de birincisi, ilk a\u015famada \u00f6\u011frenmenin de\u011ferlendirilmesine <\/span><em class=\"western\"><span lang=\"zxx\"><i>ihtiya\u00e7<\/i><\/span><\/em><span lang=\"zxx\"> olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Uygulama topluluklar\u0131 gibi \u00f6\u011frenmenin informal oldu\u011fu ve \u00f6\u011frencilerin ne \u00f6\u011frenmek istediklerine ve \u00f6\u011frenme deneyiminden memnun olup olmad\u0131klar\u0131na kendilerinin karar verdi\u011fi durumlar olabilir. Baz\u0131 durumlarda da \u00f6\u011frenciler formal olarak de\u011ferlendirilmek veya puanlanmak istemeyebilir (ya da buna ihtiya\u00e7 duymayabilir) ancak \u00f6\u011frenme s\u00fcrecinin neresinde olduklar\u0131na dair geri bildirim almak isteyebilirler. \u2018Bunu ger\u00e7ekten anlad\u0131m m\u0131?\u2019 ya da \u2018Di\u011ferleriyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131mda nas\u0131l bir performans g\u00f6steriyorum?\u2019<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"zxx\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Bununla birlikte bu gibi durumlarda bile uzmanlar\u0131n veya daha deneyimli kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirece\u011fi baz\u0131 informal de\u011ferlendirme y\u00f6ntemleri, geri bildirim sa\u011flamak ve bir kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131n\u0131n ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya ula\u015faca\u011f\u0131 yeterlilik ya da bilgi d\u00fczeyini g\u00f6stermek suretiyle di\u011fer kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n \u00f6\u011frenmelerini art\u0131rmalar\u0131na katk\u0131 sa\u011flayabilir. Son olarak \u00f6\u011frenciler de tercihen daha bilgili bir \u00f6\u011fretim eleman\u0131n\u0131n rehberli\u011fi ve takibi alt\u0131nda \u00f6z de\u011ferlendirme veya akran de\u011ferlendirme y\u00f6ntemleri kullanarak kendi \u00f6\u011frenmelerini art\u0131rabilirler.<\/span><\/p>\n\n<h4 class=\"western\" lang=\"zxx\">6.8.3.2 Bilgisayar tabanl\u0131 \u00e7oktan se\u00e7meli testler<\/h4>\n<p lang=\"zxx\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Olgular\u0131n, fikirlerin, ilkelerini yasalar\u0131n ve matematik, fen ve m\u00fchendislik bilimlerindeki nicel prosed\u00fcrlere dair \u2018nesnel\u2019 bilgilerin \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclmesinde iyi ve maliyet-etkin bir y\u00f6ntemdir. Bununla birlikte karma\u015f\u0131k problem \u00e7\u00f6zme, yarat\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k ve de\u011ferlendirme gibi \u00fcst d\u00fczey entelekt\u00fcel becerilerin de\u011ferlendirmesinde yeterli olmayabilir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla dijital \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n gerektirdi\u011fi becerilerin bir\u00e7o\u011funun geli\u015ftirilmesine veya de\u011ferlendirilmesinde \u00e7ok faydal\u0131 oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenemez.<\/span><\/p>\n\n<h4 class=\"western\" lang=\"zxx\">6.8.3.3 Yaz\u0131l\u0131 s\u0131navlar veya k\u0131sa cevaplar<\/h4>\n<p lang=\"zxx\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">K\u0131sa ve uzun cevapl\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131 s\u0131navlar, kavraman\u0131n ve ele\u015ftirel d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnme gibi ileri d\u00fczey entelekt\u00fcel becerilerin baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n de\u011ferlendirilmesinde iyi bir y\u00f6ntemdir. Bununla birlikte emek-yo\u011fun, \u00f6znelli\u011fe a\u00e7\u0131k ve pratik becerilerin de\u011ferlendirilmesinde yetersiz bir y\u00f6ntemdir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span lang=\"zxx\">Yapay zek\u00e2 alan\u0131ndaki geli\u015fmeleri kullanarak, otomatik deneme i\u015faretlemesi ile deneyler yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r ancak \u015fimdiye kadar otomatik kompozisyon notland\u0131rmas\u0131, \u00f6zellikle y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretim d\u00fczeyinde ge\u00e7erli anlam\u0131 tan\u0131mlamak i\u00e7in h\u00e2la m\u00fccadele etmektedir. <\/span><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span lang=\"zxx\">Otomatik kompozisyon notland\u0131rmas\u0131 hakk\u0131nda daha fazla bilgi i\u00e7in bkz. Tema 8.7c<\/span><\/span><span lang=\"zxx\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span lang=\"zxx\">4.4<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n<h4 class=\"western\" lang=\"zxx\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\">6.8.3.4 Akran de\u011ferlendirmesi<\/span><\/h4>\n<p lang=\"zxx\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Bu, Tema 5, B\u00f6l\u00fcm 4.6.2'de de\u011findi\u011fim \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck ve \u00f6zel bir konudur. Akran de\u011ferlendirmesinin \u00fc\u00e7 temel avantaj\u0131 vard\u0131r:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n<ul>\n \t<li>\n<p class=\"list-bullet-4-western\" lang=\"zxx\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">do\u011fru \u015fekilde yap\u0131l\u0131rsa, \u00f6\u011frencilerin di\u011fer \u00f6\u011frencilerin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 ele\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in \u00f6\u011frendikleriyle ilgili ele\u015ftirel d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmelerini gerektirdi\u011finden, \u00f6\u011frenciler i\u00e7in m\u00fckemmel bir pedagojik faydas\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r. Di\u011fer \u00f6\u011frencilerin kavram ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelere bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmelerini sa\u011flar, b\u00f6ylece anlay\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015fletir ve derinle\u015ftirir;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n \t<li>\n<p class=\"list-bullet-4-western\" lang=\"zxx\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">e\u011fitmenlerin daha fazla say\u0131da \u00f6\u011frenciyi y\u00f6netmelerine izin vererek, \u00f6\u011frenci deste\u011finin artt\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n \t<li>\n<p class=\"list-bullet-4-western\" lang=\"zxx\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">dijital bir toplumda \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken kritik olacak, temel bir 21. y\u00fczy\u0131l becerisini geli\u015ftirir.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p lang=\"zxx\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Ancak, uygun \u015fekilde yap\u0131lmazsa, akran de\u011ferlendirmesinin feci sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 olabilir. Bu alanda uzman de\u011filim, \u00e7evrim i\u00e7i \u00f6\u011frenmede akran de\u011ferlendirmesini yaln\u0131zca lisans\u00fcst\u00fc d\u00fczeyde kulland\u0131m. Ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m baz\u0131 dersler \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n<ul>\n \t<li>\n<p class=\"list-bullet-4-western\" lang=\"zxx\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">De\u011ferlendirmeyi yapan \u00f6\u011frencilere i\u00e7sel bir faydas\u0131 olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bunun kendi \u00f6\u011frenmeleri i\u00e7in nas\u0131l faydal\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmeleri gerekir.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n \t<li>\n<p class=\"list-bullet-4-western\" lang=\"zxx\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">E\u011fitmen, tercihen iyi veya k\u00f6t\u00fc cevap \u00f6rnekleri ile de\u011ferlendirme i\u00e7in net kriterler veya de\u011ferlendirme listeleri vermelidir.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n \t<li>\n<p class=\"list-bullet-4-western\" lang=\"zxx\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">\u0130yi bir akran de\u011ferlendirmesi i\u00e7in \u00f6\u011frenciler e\u011fitmen taraf\u0131ndan ya i\u015faretlerle ya da \u00f6vg\u00fclerle \u00f6d\u00fcllendirilmelidir.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n \t<li>\n<p class=\"list-bullet-4-western\" lang=\"zxx\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">\u00d6\u011frenciler, e\u011fitmenin sadece akran de\u011ferlendirmelerini izlemeyece\u011fini de\u011fil ayn\u0131 zamanda \u00f6\u011frencinin ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 not veya notlardaki nihai kararlar\u0131n sorumlulu\u011funu da alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve \u00f6\u011frenciler taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan zay\u0131f de\u011ferlendirmeleri iptal edece\u011fini bilmelidir.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n \t<li>\n<p class=\"list-bullet-4-western\" lang=\"zxx\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">T\u00fcm kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 ayn\u0131 i\u015fe yat\u0131rmay\u0131n. \u00c7oktan se\u00e7meli testler veya toplam ders de\u011ferlendirmesinin yar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n daha geleneksel y\u00f6ntemlerle yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gibi paralel veya ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir de\u011ferlendirme y\u00f6ntemine sahip olmak ak\u0131ll\u0131ca olacakt\u0131r.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p lang=\"zxx\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla burada yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken en iyi uygulamalar bulunmaktad\u0131r. Akran de\u011ferlendirmesini kullanmak isteyen herkes, alanyaz\u0131n\u0131 dikkatlice inceleyerek kendisini en do\u011fru \u015fekilde haz\u0131rlamal\u0131d\u0131r. Macdonald (2015) ya da Topping (2018) \u00f6\u011fretmenlere rehberlik sunmaktad\u0131r. Orta\u00f6\u011fretim sonras\u0131 akran de\u011ferlendirmesinin ba\u015far\u0131yla kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n bir \u00f6rne\u011fi i\u00e7in bkz. Simon Fraser \u00dcniversitesi \u0130\u015fletme Fak\u00fcltesinde \u00d6\u011frenme ve De\u011ferlendirme Stratejisi Olarak Akran De\u011ferlendirme<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n<h4 class=\"western\" lang=\"zxx\">6.8.3.5 Proje \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131<\/h4>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span lang=\"zxx\">Proje \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131; i\u00e7eri\u011fin anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131, bilgi y\u00f6netimi, problem \u00e7\u00f6zme, i\u015f birli\u011fine dayal\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenme, de\u011ferlendirme, yarat\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k ve pratik \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131lar elde edilmesi gibi otantik becerilerin geli\u015ftirilmesini te\u015fvik eder ve destekler. Ge\u00e7erli ve pratik proje \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 tasarlamak, e\u011fitmenin y\u00fcksek d\u00fczeyde beceri ve hayal g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc gerektirir,<\/span><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span lang=\"zxx\">ve de\u011ferlendirme s\u00fcreci ciddi bir emek gerektirebilir<\/span><\/span><span lang=\"zxx\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span lang=\"zxx\">ancak proje \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131, dijital \u00e7a\u011fda ihtiya\u00e7 duyulan \u00fcst d\u00fczey becerileri de\u011ferlendirmenin en iyi yollar\u0131ndan biridir.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"zxx\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Yarat\u0131c\u0131 E\u011fitimci internet sitesinde Melinda Kolk taraf\u0131ndan yaz\u0131lan '\u00d6\u011frenci proje \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 de\u011ferlendirme' bu konuda m\u00fckemmel bir rehberlik sunmaktad\u0131r. Her ne kadar k-12 \u00f6\u011fretmenleri i\u00e7in tasarlanm\u0131\u015f olsa da lise sonras\u0131 e\u011fitimciler i\u00e7in de \u00e7ok uygundur.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n<h4 class=\"western\" lang=\"zxx\">6.8.3.6 e-Portfolyolar (\u00f6\u011frenci \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7evrim i\u00e7i dosyalanmas\u0131)<\/h4>\n<p lang=\"zxx\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">E-portfolyolar, yans\u0131ma, bilgi y\u00f6netimi, \u00f6\u011fretme veya hem\u015firelik uygulamas\u0131 gibi \u00f6\u011frenme etkinliklerinin kaydedilmesi ve de\u011ferlendirilmesi ile bir \u00f6\u011frencinin proje \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na katk\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n kayda al\u0131nmas\u0131 gibi yollarla \u00f6z de\u011ferlendirmeyi olanakl\u0131 k\u0131lmaktad\u0131r (\u00f6rnek olarak bk. Windsor \u00dcniversitesi G\u00f6rsel Sanatlar B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc\u2019nde e-portfolyo kullan\u0131m\u0131). E-portfolyolar genellikle \u00f6\u011frenci taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlan\u0131r ve saklan\u0131r; ancak \u00f6l\u00e7me-de\u011ferlendirme veya i\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmesi gibi ama\u00e7larla d\u0131\u015far\u0131ya a\u00e7\u0131labilir veya uyarlanabilir.<\/span><\/p>\n\n<h4 class=\"western\" lang=\"zxx\">6.8.3.7 Benzetimler, e\u011fitsel oyunlar ve sanal d\u00fcnyalar<\/h4>\n<p lang=\"zxx\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Bunlar, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibi becerilerin uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131 ve de\u011ferlendirilmesini sa\u011flar:<\/span><\/p>\n\n<ul>\n \t<li>\n<p class=\"list-bullet-4-western\" lang=\"zxx\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">karma\u015f\u0131k ve ger\u00e7ek zamanl\u0131 karar verme,<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n \t<li>\n<p class=\"list-bullet-4-western\" lang=\"zxx\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">karma\u015f\u0131k ekipmanlar\u0131n (sim\u00fcle veya uzak) kullan\u0131m\u0131,<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n \t<li>\n<p class=\"list-bullet-4-western\" lang=\"zxx\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">g\u00fcvenlik prosed\u00fcrlerinin ve fark\u0131ndal\u0131\u011f\u0131n art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131,<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n \t<li>\n<p class=\"list-bullet-4-western\" lang=\"zxx\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">g\u00fcvenli bir ortamda risk alma ve karar verme ile hem bili\u015fsel hem el becerilerinin birle\u015fimini gerektiren etkinlikler (bk. Ontario Loyalist College\u2019daki Kanada S\u0131n\u0131r Kap\u0131s\u0131 g\u00f6revlilerinin e\u011fitimi).<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"para2\"><img class=\"frame0\" src=\"http:\/\/acikkitap.com.tr\/dijital\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/09\/image0035.jpg\" alt=\"OEBPS\/images\/image0035.jpg\" width=\"895\" height=\"661\"><\/p>\n<p lang=\"zxx\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><i>\u015eekil 6.8.2 Sanal d\u00fcnya s\u0131n\u0131r ge\u00e7i\u015fi, Loyalist College, Ontario<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span lang=\"zxx\">Benzetimler ile ciddi ya da e\u011fitsel oyunlar\u0131n (Tema 13'de etrafl\u0131ca anlat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r)<\/span><\/span><span lang=\"zxx\"> g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde geli\u015ftirilmesi pahal\u0131d\u0131r ancak son derece pahal\u0131 ekipmanlar\u0131n yerine ge\u00e7tikleri faaliyetlerin e\u011fitim ama\u00e7l\u0131 olarak durdurulamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya a\u00e7\u0131k e\u011fitim kaynaklar\u0131 olarak mevcut oldu\u011fu yerler olan \u00e7ok ama\u00e7l\u0131 kullan\u0131mlarda ekonomiktirler. <\/span><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span lang=\"zxx\">\u00d6\u011frencilerin eylemleri ve karar alma s\u00fcre\u00e7leri kaydedildi\u011finden, otantik de\u011ferlendirme s\u00fcrece d\u00e2hil edilir.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"western\" lang=\"zxx\">6.8.4 Sonu\u00e7<\/h3>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span lang=\"zxx\">De\u011ferlendirme y\u00f6ntemi kadar \u00f6\u011frenciyi \u00f6\u011frenmeye iten bir \u015fey yoktur. De\u011ferlendirme y\u00f6ntemleri h\u0131zla de\u011fi\u015fmekte olup de\u011fi\u015fmeye de devam edecektir. Yukar\u0131da bahsetti\u011fimiz de\u011ferlendirme y\u00f6ntemlerinin baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcrece y\u00f6nelik, yani \u00f6\u011frencilerin sahip olduklar\u0131 bilgi ve yeterlilikleri geli\u015ftirmelerine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olan baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n da sonuca y\u00f6nelik, yani bir dersin veya program\u0131n sonunda \u00f6\u011frencinin bilgi ve beceri d\u00fczeyini de\u011ferlendiren, y\u00f6ntemler oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclecektir. Dijital bir \u00e7a\u011fda, de\u011ferlendirme ve \u00f6\u011fretme daha da yak\u0131ndan entegre ve biti\u015fik h\u00e2le gelecektir. \u00d6\u011frenci de\u011ferlendirmesinin kalitesini ve kapsam\u0131n\u0131 zenginle\u015ftirebilecek, g\u00fcnden g\u00fcne artan bir dijital tabanl\u0131 ara\u00e7lar yelpazesi bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bu nedenle, de\u011ferlendirme y\u00f6ntemlerinin se\u00e7imi ve di\u011fer unsurlarla ili\u015fkisi, etkili \u00f6\u011frenme ortamlar\u0131n\u0131 etkileyen hayati fakt\u00f6rlerden biridir.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"western\" lang=\"zxx\">Kaynak\u00e7a<\/h3>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span lang=\"zxx\">Earle, L. (2003) <\/span><em class=\"western\"><span lang=\"zxx\"><i>Assessment as Learning<\/i><\/span><\/em><span lang=\"zxx\"> Thousand Oaks CA: Corwin Press<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span lang=\"zxx\">Macdonald, B. (2015) <\/span><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><span lang=\"zxx\"><u><a href=\"https:\/\/rowman.com\/isbn\/9781475820911\/peer-assessment-that-works-a-guide-for-teachers\">Peer assessment that works<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/rowman.com\/isbn\/9781475820911\/peer-assessment-that-works-a-guide-for-teachers\">: A guide for teachers<\/a><\/u><\/span><\/span><span lang=\"zxx\"> Lanham MD: Rowan and Littlefield<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span lang=\"zxx\">Topping, K. (2108) <\/span><em class=\"western\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.crcpress.com\/Using-Peer-Assessment-to-Inspire-Reflection-and-Learning\/Topping\/p\/book\/9780815367659\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span lang=\"zxx\"><u>Using Peer Assessment to Inspire Reflection and Learning<\/u><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/em><span lang=\"zxx\"> London UK: Routledge<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"western\" lang=\"zxx\">Etkinlik 6. 8 Dijital \u00e7a\u011fda hangi de\u011ferlendirmeler \u00f6n planda?<\/p>\n\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<ol>\n \t<li>\n<p lang=\"zxx\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Yukar\u0131daki listeye d\u00e2hil etmem gereken ve dijital \u00e7a\u011fda ge\u00e7erli olan ba\u015fka de\u011ferlendirme y\u00f6ntemleri var m\u0131?<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n \t<li>\n<p lang=\"zxx\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">\u00c7o\u011funlukla mali nedenlerle, bilgisayar tabanl\u0131 \u00e7oktan se\u00e7meli testler yayg\u0131n bir \u015fekilde kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bununla beraber, istisnalar olsa da bu testlerin dijital bir \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n gerektirdi\u011fi \u00fcst d\u00fczey kavramsal becerileri ger\u00e7ekten de\u011ferlendirmedi\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum. Siz de kat\u0131l\u0131yor musunuz?<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n \t<li>\n<p lang=\"zxx\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Dijital bir \u00e7a\u011fda \u00f6l\u00e7me-de\u011ferlendirme i\u00e7in daha uygun oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcz, \u00f6zellikle de \u00f6\u011fretmenin zaman\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde ekonomik olan ba\u015fka y\u00f6ntemler olabilir mi? \u00d6rne\u011fin otomatikle\u015ftirilmi\u015f yaz\u0131l\u0131 s\u0131nav de\u011ferlendirmenin ge\u00e7erli bir alternatif oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyor musunuz?<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n \t<li>\n<p lang=\"zxx\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">De\u011ferlendirmeyi, dersin sonunda de\u011fil de, ders planlamas\u0131n\u0131n en ba\u015f\u0131nda d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek faydal\u0131 olacak m\u0131d\u0131r? Sizce uygulanabilir mi?<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n \t<li>\n<p lang=\"zxx\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Tarihsel D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeyi Geli\u015ftirme ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 Senaryo D\u2019de, de\u011ferlendirme, dijital bir \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n gerektirdi\u011fi becerileri geli\u015ftirip de\u011ferlendirmek i\u00e7in etkili bir \u015fekilde kullan\u0131labildi mi? E\u011fer \u00f6yle oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorsanuz, nas\u0131l?<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p lang=\"zxx\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Etkinliklerdeki yorumlar\u0131m i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki podcaste t\u0131klay\u0131n:<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"zxx\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Ses \u00f6gesi, kitab\u0131n bu s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcnden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131. Buradan \u00e7evrim i\u00e7i olarak dinleyebilirsiniz: https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/teachinginadigitalagev2\/?p=380<\/span><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n&nbsp;\n","rendered":"<p class=\"para2\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"frame0\" src=\"http:\/\/acikkitap.com.tr\/dijital\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/09\/image0078.png\" alt=\"OEBPS\/images\/image0078.png\" width=\"811\" height=\"623\" \/><\/p>\n<p lang=\"zxx\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><i>\u015eekil 6.8.1 De\u011ferlendirme<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><em class=\"western\">\u2018<\/em><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><em class=\"western\"><span lang=\"zxx\"><i>De\u011ferlendirmenin her zaman en son gelmesi hep beni hayrete d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr; yaln\u0131zca i\u015f birimi olarak de\u011fil \u00f6\u011fretmenlerin planlamas\u0131nda da\u2026 De\u011ferlendirme neredeyse hep sonradan akla gelen bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce gibi olmu\u015ftur\u2026<\/i><\/span><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><em class=\"western\"><span lang=\"zxx\"><i>\u00d6\u011fretmenler\u2026de\u011ferlendirmenin birbiriyle rekabet i\u00e7inde olan hedefleri aras\u0131nda s\u0131k\u0131\u015fan\u2026\u00f6\u011fretmenler, bu talepleri uzla\u015ft\u0131rmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kald\u0131klar\u0131 zorluklar nedeniyle hayal k\u0131r\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve kafa kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7erisindedir.\u2019<\/i><\/span><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p lang=\"zxx\" style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Earle, 2003<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"western\" lang=\"zxx\">6.8.1 Dijital \u00e7a\u011fda \u00f6\u011frenen de\u011ferlendirmesi<\/h3>\n<p lang=\"zxx\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">De\u011ferlendirme \u00e7ok geni\u015f bir konu oldu\u011fundani bu k\u0131sm\u0131n ama\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ortaya koymam gerekir:<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"zxx\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">a) etkili ve kapsaml\u0131 bir \u00f6\u011frenme ortam\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturan unsurlardan birini mercek alt\u0131na almak, ve<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"zxx\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">b) de\u011ferlendirmenin dijital bir d\u00fcnyada ne noktada de\u011fi\u015fti\u011fini veya de\u011fi\u015fmesi gerekti\u011fini k\u0131saca incelemek.<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"zxx\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">De\u011ferlendirme konusu da yine kitab\u0131n bir\u00e7ok yerinde ancak \u00f6zellikle a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerde ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p class=\"list-bullet-4-western\" lang=\"zxx\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Senaryo C<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"list-bullet-4-western\" lang=\"zxx\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Tema 5, B\u00f6l\u00fcm 4.6<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"list-bullet-4-western\" lang=\"zxx\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Tema 8.7 c<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"list-bullet-4-western\" lang=\"zxx\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Tema 11, B\u00f6l\u00fcm 4.3<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"list-bullet-4-western\" lang=\"zxx\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Tema 12, B\u00f6l\u00fcm 11 .<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p lang=\"zxx\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Buna ra\u011fmen, de\u011ferlendirmenin tek ba\u015f\u0131na ele al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi kanaatindeyim. \u00d6\u011frenci davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n, en \u00e7ok nas\u0131l de\u011ferlendirilecekleri sorusuna ald\u0131klar\u0131 cevaptan etkilendi\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum. T\u00fcm \u00f6\u011frenciler i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erli olmasa da i\u00e7inde ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z dijital \u00e7a\u011fda \u00f6\u011frencilerin \u00fczerindeki rekabet bask\u0131s\u0131 da d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde, \u00e7o\u011fu \u2018ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131\u2019 \u00f6\u011frencinin nelerin de\u011ferlendirmeye d\u00e2hil olaca\u011f\u0131 ve de\u011ferlendirmede kendilerinden beklenenleri en etkin \u015fekilde (ve m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olan en k\u0131sa zamanda) nas\u0131l kar\u015f\u0131layabileceklerine yo\u011funla\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Bu nedenle de, \u00e7o\u011fu durumda de\u011ferlendirme y\u00f6ntemlerine ili\u015fkin kararlar, etkili bir \u00f6\u011frenme ortam\u0131 olu\u015fturmada kritik \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"western\" lang=\"zxx\">6.8.2 De\u011ferlendirmenin amac\u0131<\/h3>\n<p lang=\"zxx\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">\u00d6\u011frencileri de\u011ferlendirmenin bir\u00e7ok nedeni vard\u0131r. Tek bir de\u011ferlendirme arac\u0131 t\u00fcm de\u011ferlendirme ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131na cevap veremeyece\u011finden, de\u011ferlendirmenin amac\u0131 konusunda a\u00e7\u0131k ve net olmak \u00f6nemlidir. \u0130lk anda akl\u0131ma gelen de\u011ferlendirme ama\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da listeliyorum; sizin akl\u0131n\u0131za ba\u015fka nedenler de gelebilir:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p class=\"list-bullet-4-western\" lang=\"zxx\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">\u00f6\u011frencilerin \u00f6\u011frenme s\u00fcrecini geli\u015ftirmek ve geni\u015fletmek;<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"list-bullet-4-western\" lang=\"zxx\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">istenen \u00f6\u011frenme hedefleri veya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131lar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6\u011frencilerin bilgi ve yeterliliklerini de\u011ferlendirmek;<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"list-bullet-4-western\" lang=\"zxx\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">\u00f6\u011fretmen veya \u00f6\u011fretim eleman\u0131na \u00f6\u011fretimin etkilili\u011fi ve nas\u0131l iyile\u015ftirilebilece\u011fi konusunda geri bildirim sa\u011flamak;<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"list-bullet-4-western\" lang=\"zxx\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">i\u015fverenlere \u00f6\u011frencilerin ne bildi\u011fi ve\/veya ne yapabildi\u011fi konusunda bilgi sa\u011flamak;<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"list-bullet-4-western\" lang=\"zxx\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">\u00f6\u011frencileri ileri d\u00fczey \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar, i\u015f olanaklar\u0131 veya mesleki geli\u015fim i\u00e7in se\u00e7mek;<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"list-bullet-4-western\" lang=\"zxx\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">finansal ama\u00e7lar veya kurumsal g\u00fcvenilirli\u011fi ve hesap verebilirli\u011fi sa\u011flamak.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p lang=\"zxx\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Etkili bir \u00f6\u011frenme ortam\u0131 olu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in bu nedenlerin \u00f6nem s\u0131ras\u0131na karar vermenizi size b\u0131rak\u0131yorum.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"western\" lang=\"zxx\">6.8.3 De\u011ferlendirme y\u00f6ntemleri<\/h3>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span lang=\"zxx\">De\u011ferlendirmenin amac\u0131 ve ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bi\u00e7im, \u00f6\u011fretmenlerin veya de\u011ferlendirenlern felsefi duru\u015flar\u0131yla yak\u0131ndan ilgilidir: inand\u0131klar\u0131 \u015fey bilgiyi ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u00f6\u011frencilerin bilgilerini nas\u0131l g\u00f6stermeleri gerekti\u011fini ortaya koyar. \u00d6\u011frencilerin dijital \u00e7a\u011fda ihtiya\u00e7 duyduklar\u0131 bilgi ve beceriler de de\u011ferlendirmenin bi\u00e7imini etkiler. Bunun anlam\u0131, i\u00e7erik bilgisi kadar becerilerin <\/span><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span lang=\"zxx\">de\u011ferlendirilmesine<\/span><\/span><span lang=\"zxx\"> de yo\u011funla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fidir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla s\u00fcrekli veya bi\u00e7imlendirici de\u011ferlendirme \u00f6zet veya \u201cder sonu\u201d de\u011ferlendirmesi <\/span><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span lang=\"zxx\">kadar<\/span><\/span><span lang=\"zxx\"> \u00f6nemli olarakt\u0131r.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"zxx\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">\u00c7ok \u00e7e\u015fitli de\u011ferlendirme y\u00f6ntemlerinden bahsedebiliriz. Teknolojinin \u00f6\u011frencileri de\u011ferlendirme y\u00f6ntemlerimizi nas\u0131l de\u011fi\u015ftirebildi\u011fini g\u00f6stermek i\u00e7in birka\u00e7 \u00f6rnek se\u00e7tim:<\/span><\/p>\n<h4 class=\"western\" lang=\"zxx\">6.8.3.1 De\u011ferlendirme yok<\/h4>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span lang=\"zxx\">Dikkate al\u0131nmas\u0131 gereken sorulardan biri, belki de birincisi, ilk a\u015famada \u00f6\u011frenmenin de\u011ferlendirilmesine <\/span><em class=\"western\"><span lang=\"zxx\"><i>ihtiya\u00e7<\/i><\/span><\/em><span lang=\"zxx\"> olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Uygulama topluluklar\u0131 gibi \u00f6\u011frenmenin informal oldu\u011fu ve \u00f6\u011frencilerin ne \u00f6\u011frenmek istediklerine ve \u00f6\u011frenme deneyiminden memnun olup olmad\u0131klar\u0131na kendilerinin karar verdi\u011fi durumlar olabilir. Baz\u0131 durumlarda da \u00f6\u011frenciler formal olarak de\u011ferlendirilmek veya puanlanmak istemeyebilir (ya da buna ihtiya\u00e7 duymayabilir) ancak \u00f6\u011frenme s\u00fcrecinin neresinde olduklar\u0131na dair geri bildirim almak isteyebilirler. \u2018Bunu ger\u00e7ekten anlad\u0131m m\u0131?\u2019 ya da \u2018Di\u011ferleriyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131mda nas\u0131l bir performans g\u00f6steriyorum?\u2019<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"zxx\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Bununla birlikte bu gibi durumlarda bile uzmanlar\u0131n veya daha deneyimli kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirece\u011fi baz\u0131 informal de\u011ferlendirme y\u00f6ntemleri, geri bildirim sa\u011flamak ve bir kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131n\u0131n ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya ula\u015faca\u011f\u0131 yeterlilik ya da bilgi d\u00fczeyini g\u00f6stermek suretiyle di\u011fer kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n \u00f6\u011frenmelerini art\u0131rmalar\u0131na katk\u0131 sa\u011flayabilir. Son olarak \u00f6\u011frenciler de tercihen daha bilgili bir \u00f6\u011fretim eleman\u0131n\u0131n rehberli\u011fi ve takibi alt\u0131nda \u00f6z de\u011ferlendirme veya akran de\u011ferlendirme y\u00f6ntemleri kullanarak kendi \u00f6\u011frenmelerini art\u0131rabilirler.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4 class=\"western\" lang=\"zxx\">6.8.3.2 Bilgisayar tabanl\u0131 \u00e7oktan se\u00e7meli testler<\/h4>\n<p lang=\"zxx\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Olgular\u0131n, fikirlerin, ilkelerini yasalar\u0131n ve matematik, fen ve m\u00fchendislik bilimlerindeki nicel prosed\u00fcrlere dair \u2018nesnel\u2019 bilgilerin \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclmesinde iyi ve maliyet-etkin bir y\u00f6ntemdir. Bununla birlikte karma\u015f\u0131k problem \u00e7\u00f6zme, yarat\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k ve de\u011ferlendirme gibi \u00fcst d\u00fczey entelekt\u00fcel becerilerin de\u011ferlendirmesinde yeterli olmayabilir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla dijital \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n gerektirdi\u011fi becerilerin bir\u00e7o\u011funun geli\u015ftirilmesine veya de\u011ferlendirilmesinde \u00e7ok faydal\u0131 oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenemez.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4 class=\"western\" lang=\"zxx\">6.8.3.3 Yaz\u0131l\u0131 s\u0131navlar veya k\u0131sa cevaplar<\/h4>\n<p lang=\"zxx\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">K\u0131sa ve uzun cevapl\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131 s\u0131navlar, kavraman\u0131n ve ele\u015ftirel d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnme gibi ileri d\u00fczey entelekt\u00fcel becerilerin baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n de\u011ferlendirilmesinde iyi bir y\u00f6ntemdir. Bununla birlikte emek-yo\u011fun, \u00f6znelli\u011fe a\u00e7\u0131k ve pratik becerilerin de\u011ferlendirilmesinde yetersiz bir y\u00f6ntemdir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span lang=\"zxx\">Yapay zek\u00e2 alan\u0131ndaki geli\u015fmeleri kullanarak, otomatik deneme i\u015faretlemesi ile deneyler yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r ancak \u015fimdiye kadar otomatik kompozisyon notland\u0131rmas\u0131, \u00f6zellikle y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretim d\u00fczeyinde ge\u00e7erli anlam\u0131 tan\u0131mlamak i\u00e7in h\u00e2la m\u00fccadele etmektedir. <\/span><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span lang=\"zxx\">Otomatik kompozisyon notland\u0131rmas\u0131 hakk\u0131nda daha fazla bilgi i\u00e7in bkz. Tema 8.7c<\/span><\/span><span lang=\"zxx\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span lang=\"zxx\">4.4<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h4 class=\"western\" lang=\"zxx\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\">6.8.3.4 Akran de\u011ferlendirmesi<\/span><\/h4>\n<p lang=\"zxx\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Bu, Tema 5, B\u00f6l\u00fcm 4.6.2&#8217;de de\u011findi\u011fim \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck ve \u00f6zel bir konudur. Akran de\u011ferlendirmesinin \u00fc\u00e7 temel avantaj\u0131 vard\u0131r:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p class=\"list-bullet-4-western\" lang=\"zxx\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">do\u011fru \u015fekilde yap\u0131l\u0131rsa, \u00f6\u011frencilerin di\u011fer \u00f6\u011frencilerin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 ele\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in \u00f6\u011frendikleriyle ilgili ele\u015ftirel d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmelerini gerektirdi\u011finden, \u00f6\u011frenciler i\u00e7in m\u00fckemmel bir pedagojik faydas\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r. Di\u011fer \u00f6\u011frencilerin kavram ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelere bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmelerini sa\u011flar, b\u00f6ylece anlay\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015fletir ve derinle\u015ftirir;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"list-bullet-4-western\" lang=\"zxx\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">e\u011fitmenlerin daha fazla say\u0131da \u00f6\u011frenciyi y\u00f6netmelerine izin vererek, \u00f6\u011frenci deste\u011finin artt\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"list-bullet-4-western\" lang=\"zxx\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">dijital bir toplumda \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken kritik olacak, temel bir 21. y\u00fczy\u0131l becerisini geli\u015ftirir.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p lang=\"zxx\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Ancak, uygun \u015fekilde yap\u0131lmazsa, akran de\u011ferlendirmesinin feci sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 olabilir. Bu alanda uzman de\u011filim, \u00e7evrim i\u00e7i \u00f6\u011frenmede akran de\u011ferlendirmesini yaln\u0131zca lisans\u00fcst\u00fc d\u00fczeyde kulland\u0131m. Ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m baz\u0131 dersler \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p class=\"list-bullet-4-western\" lang=\"zxx\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">De\u011ferlendirmeyi yapan \u00f6\u011frencilere i\u00e7sel bir faydas\u0131 olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bunun kendi \u00f6\u011frenmeleri i\u00e7in nas\u0131l faydal\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmeleri gerekir.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"list-bullet-4-western\" lang=\"zxx\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">E\u011fitmen, tercihen iyi veya k\u00f6t\u00fc cevap \u00f6rnekleri ile de\u011ferlendirme i\u00e7in net kriterler veya de\u011ferlendirme listeleri vermelidir.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"list-bullet-4-western\" lang=\"zxx\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">\u0130yi bir akran de\u011ferlendirmesi i\u00e7in \u00f6\u011frenciler e\u011fitmen taraf\u0131ndan ya i\u015faretlerle ya da \u00f6vg\u00fclerle \u00f6d\u00fcllendirilmelidir.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"list-bullet-4-western\" lang=\"zxx\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">\u00d6\u011frenciler, e\u011fitmenin sadece akran de\u011ferlendirmelerini izlemeyece\u011fini de\u011fil ayn\u0131 zamanda \u00f6\u011frencinin ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 not veya notlardaki nihai kararlar\u0131n sorumlulu\u011funu da alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve \u00f6\u011frenciler taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan zay\u0131f de\u011ferlendirmeleri iptal edece\u011fini bilmelidir.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"list-bullet-4-western\" lang=\"zxx\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">T\u00fcm kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 ayn\u0131 i\u015fe yat\u0131rmay\u0131n. \u00c7oktan se\u00e7meli testler veya toplam ders de\u011ferlendirmesinin yar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n daha geleneksel y\u00f6ntemlerle yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gibi paralel veya ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir de\u011ferlendirme y\u00f6ntemine sahip olmak ak\u0131ll\u0131ca olacakt\u0131r.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p lang=\"zxx\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla burada yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken en iyi uygulamalar bulunmaktad\u0131r. Akran de\u011ferlendirmesini kullanmak isteyen herkes, alanyaz\u0131n\u0131 dikkatlice inceleyerek kendisini en do\u011fru \u015fekilde haz\u0131rlamal\u0131d\u0131r. Macdonald (2015) ya da Topping (2018) \u00f6\u011fretmenlere rehberlik sunmaktad\u0131r. Orta\u00f6\u011fretim sonras\u0131 akran de\u011ferlendirmesinin ba\u015far\u0131yla kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n bir \u00f6rne\u011fi i\u00e7in bkz. Simon Fraser \u00dcniversitesi \u0130\u015fletme Fak\u00fcltesinde \u00d6\u011frenme ve De\u011ferlendirme Stratejisi Olarak Akran De\u011ferlendirme<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h4 class=\"western\" lang=\"zxx\">6.8.3.5 Proje \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131<\/h4>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span lang=\"zxx\">Proje \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131; i\u00e7eri\u011fin anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131, bilgi y\u00f6netimi, problem \u00e7\u00f6zme, i\u015f birli\u011fine dayal\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenme, de\u011ferlendirme, yarat\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k ve pratik \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131lar elde edilmesi gibi otantik becerilerin geli\u015ftirilmesini te\u015fvik eder ve destekler. Ge\u00e7erli ve pratik proje \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 tasarlamak, e\u011fitmenin y\u00fcksek d\u00fczeyde beceri ve hayal g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc gerektirir,<\/span><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span lang=\"zxx\">ve de\u011ferlendirme s\u00fcreci ciddi bir emek gerektirebilir<\/span><\/span><span lang=\"zxx\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span lang=\"zxx\">ancak proje \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131, dijital \u00e7a\u011fda ihtiya\u00e7 duyulan \u00fcst d\u00fczey becerileri de\u011ferlendirmenin en iyi yollar\u0131ndan biridir.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"zxx\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Yarat\u0131c\u0131 E\u011fitimci internet sitesinde Melinda Kolk taraf\u0131ndan yaz\u0131lan &#8216;\u00d6\u011frenci proje \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 de\u011ferlendirme&#8217; bu konuda m\u00fckemmel bir rehberlik sunmaktad\u0131r. Her ne kadar k-12 \u00f6\u011fretmenleri i\u00e7in tasarlanm\u0131\u015f olsa da lise sonras\u0131 e\u011fitimciler i\u00e7in de \u00e7ok uygundur.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h4 class=\"western\" lang=\"zxx\">6.8.3.6 e-Portfolyolar (\u00f6\u011frenci \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7evrim i\u00e7i dosyalanmas\u0131)<\/h4>\n<p lang=\"zxx\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">E-portfolyolar, yans\u0131ma, bilgi y\u00f6netimi, \u00f6\u011fretme veya hem\u015firelik uygulamas\u0131 gibi \u00f6\u011frenme etkinliklerinin kaydedilmesi ve de\u011ferlendirilmesi ile bir \u00f6\u011frencinin proje \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na katk\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n kayda al\u0131nmas\u0131 gibi yollarla \u00f6z de\u011ferlendirmeyi olanakl\u0131 k\u0131lmaktad\u0131r (\u00f6rnek olarak bk. Windsor \u00dcniversitesi G\u00f6rsel Sanatlar B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc\u2019nde e-portfolyo kullan\u0131m\u0131). E-portfolyolar genellikle \u00f6\u011frenci taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlan\u0131r ve saklan\u0131r; ancak \u00f6l\u00e7me-de\u011ferlendirme veya i\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmesi gibi ama\u00e7larla d\u0131\u015far\u0131ya a\u00e7\u0131labilir veya uyarlanabilir.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4 class=\"western\" lang=\"zxx\">6.8.3.7 Benzetimler, e\u011fitsel oyunlar ve sanal d\u00fcnyalar<\/h4>\n<p lang=\"zxx\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Bunlar, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibi becerilerin uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131 ve de\u011ferlendirilmesini sa\u011flar:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p class=\"list-bullet-4-western\" lang=\"zxx\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">karma\u015f\u0131k ve ger\u00e7ek zamanl\u0131 karar verme,<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"list-bullet-4-western\" lang=\"zxx\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">karma\u015f\u0131k ekipmanlar\u0131n (sim\u00fcle veya uzak) kullan\u0131m\u0131,<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"list-bullet-4-western\" lang=\"zxx\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">g\u00fcvenlik prosed\u00fcrlerinin ve fark\u0131ndal\u0131\u011f\u0131n art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131,<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"list-bullet-4-western\" lang=\"zxx\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">g\u00fcvenli bir ortamda risk alma ve karar verme ile hem bili\u015fsel hem el becerilerinin birle\u015fimini gerektiren etkinlikler (bk. Ontario Loyalist College\u2019daki Kanada S\u0131n\u0131r Kap\u0131s\u0131 g\u00f6revlilerinin e\u011fitimi).<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"para2\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"frame0\" src=\"http:\/\/acikkitap.com.tr\/dijital\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/09\/image0035.jpg\" alt=\"OEBPS\/images\/image0035.jpg\" width=\"895\" height=\"661\" \/><\/p>\n<p lang=\"zxx\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><i>\u015eekil 6.8.2 Sanal d\u00fcnya s\u0131n\u0131r ge\u00e7i\u015fi, Loyalist College, Ontario<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span lang=\"zxx\">Benzetimler ile ciddi ya da e\u011fitsel oyunlar\u0131n (Tema 13&#8217;de etrafl\u0131ca anlat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r)<\/span><\/span><span lang=\"zxx\"> g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde geli\u015ftirilmesi pahal\u0131d\u0131r ancak son derece pahal\u0131 ekipmanlar\u0131n yerine ge\u00e7tikleri faaliyetlerin e\u011fitim ama\u00e7l\u0131 olarak durdurulamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya a\u00e7\u0131k e\u011fitim kaynaklar\u0131 olarak mevcut oldu\u011fu yerler olan \u00e7ok ama\u00e7l\u0131 kullan\u0131mlarda ekonomiktirler. <\/span><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span lang=\"zxx\">\u00d6\u011frencilerin eylemleri ve karar alma s\u00fcre\u00e7leri kaydedildi\u011finden, otantik de\u011ferlendirme s\u00fcrece d\u00e2hil edilir.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"western\" lang=\"zxx\">6.8.4 Sonu\u00e7<\/h3>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span lang=\"zxx\">De\u011ferlendirme y\u00f6ntemi kadar \u00f6\u011frenciyi \u00f6\u011frenmeye iten bir \u015fey yoktur. De\u011ferlendirme y\u00f6ntemleri h\u0131zla de\u011fi\u015fmekte olup de\u011fi\u015fmeye de devam edecektir. Yukar\u0131da bahsetti\u011fimiz de\u011ferlendirme y\u00f6ntemlerinin baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcrece y\u00f6nelik, yani \u00f6\u011frencilerin sahip olduklar\u0131 bilgi ve yeterlilikleri geli\u015ftirmelerine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olan baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n da sonuca y\u00f6nelik, yani bir dersin veya program\u0131n sonunda \u00f6\u011frencinin bilgi ve beceri d\u00fczeyini de\u011ferlendiren, y\u00f6ntemler oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclecektir. Dijital bir \u00e7a\u011fda, de\u011ferlendirme ve \u00f6\u011fretme daha da yak\u0131ndan entegre ve biti\u015fik h\u00e2le gelecektir. \u00d6\u011frenci de\u011ferlendirmesinin kalitesini ve kapsam\u0131n\u0131 zenginle\u015ftirebilecek, g\u00fcnden g\u00fcne artan bir dijital tabanl\u0131 ara\u00e7lar yelpazesi bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bu nedenle, de\u011ferlendirme y\u00f6ntemlerinin se\u00e7imi ve di\u011fer unsurlarla ili\u015fkisi, etkili \u00f6\u011frenme ortamlar\u0131n\u0131 etkileyen hayati fakt\u00f6rlerden biridir.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"western\" lang=\"zxx\">Kaynak\u00e7a<\/h3>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span lang=\"zxx\">Earle, L. (2003) <\/span><em class=\"western\"><span lang=\"zxx\"><i>Assessment as Learning<\/i><\/span><\/em><span lang=\"zxx\"> Thousand Oaks CA: Corwin Press<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span lang=\"zxx\">Macdonald, B. (2015) <\/span><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><span lang=\"zxx\"><u><a href=\"https:\/\/rowman.com\/isbn\/9781475820911\/peer-assessment-that-works-a-guide-for-teachers\">Peer assessment that works<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/rowman.com\/isbn\/9781475820911\/peer-assessment-that-works-a-guide-for-teachers\">: A guide for teachers<\/a><\/u><\/span><\/span><span lang=\"zxx\"> Lanham MD: Rowan and Littlefield<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span lang=\"zxx\">Topping, K. (2108) <\/span><em class=\"western\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.crcpress.com\/Using-Peer-Assessment-to-Inspire-Reflection-and-Learning\/Topping\/p\/book\/9780815367659\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span lang=\"zxx\"><u>Using Peer Assessment to Inspire Reflection and Learning<\/u><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/em><span lang=\"zxx\"> London UK: Routledge<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"western\" lang=\"zxx\">Etkinlik 6. 8 Dijital \u00e7a\u011fda hangi de\u011ferlendirmeler \u00f6n planda?<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p lang=\"zxx\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Yukar\u0131daki listeye d\u00e2hil etmem gereken ve dijital \u00e7a\u011fda ge\u00e7erli olan ba\u015fka de\u011ferlendirme y\u00f6ntemleri var m\u0131?<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p lang=\"zxx\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">\u00c7o\u011funlukla mali nedenlerle, bilgisayar tabanl\u0131 \u00e7oktan se\u00e7meli testler yayg\u0131n bir \u015fekilde kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bununla beraber, istisnalar olsa da bu testlerin dijital bir \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n gerektirdi\u011fi \u00fcst d\u00fczey kavramsal becerileri ger\u00e7ekten de\u011ferlendirmedi\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum. Siz de kat\u0131l\u0131yor musunuz?<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p lang=\"zxx\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Dijital bir \u00e7a\u011fda \u00f6l\u00e7me-de\u011ferlendirme i\u00e7in daha uygun oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcz, \u00f6zellikle de \u00f6\u011fretmenin zaman\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde ekonomik olan ba\u015fka y\u00f6ntemler olabilir mi? \u00d6rne\u011fin otomatikle\u015ftirilmi\u015f yaz\u0131l\u0131 s\u0131nav de\u011ferlendirmenin ge\u00e7erli bir alternatif oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyor musunuz?<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p lang=\"zxx\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">De\u011ferlendirmeyi, dersin sonunda de\u011fil de, ders planlamas\u0131n\u0131n en ba\u015f\u0131nda d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek faydal\u0131 olacak m\u0131d\u0131r? Sizce uygulanabilir mi?<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p lang=\"zxx\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Tarihsel D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeyi Geli\u015ftirme ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 Senaryo D\u2019de, de\u011ferlendirme, dijital bir \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n gerektirdi\u011fi becerileri geli\u015ftirip de\u011ferlendirmek i\u00e7in etkili bir \u015fekilde kullan\u0131labildi mi? E\u011fer \u00f6yle oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorsanuz, nas\u0131l?<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p lang=\"zxx\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Etkinliklerdeki yorumlar\u0131m i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki podcaste t\u0131klay\u0131n:<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"zxx\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Ses \u00f6gesi, kitab\u0131n bu s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcnden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131. Buradan \u00e7evrim i\u00e7i olarak dinleyebilirsiniz: https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/teachinginadigitalagev2\/?p=380<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"menu_order":8,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[48],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-161","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry","chapter-type-numberless"],"part":142,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/acikkitap.com.tr\/dijital\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/161","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/acikkitap.com.tr\/dijital\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/acikkitap.com.tr\/dijital\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/acikkitap.com.tr\/dijital\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/acikkitap.com.tr\/dijital\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/161\/revisions"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/acikkitap.com.tr\/dijital\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/142"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/acikkitap.com.tr\/dijital\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/161\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/acikkitap.com.tr\/dijital\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=161"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/acikkitap.com.tr\/dijital\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=161"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/acikkitap.com.tr\/dijital\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=161"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/acikkitap.com.tr\/dijital\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=161"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}