{"id":230,"date":"2020-09-03T15:36:47","date_gmt":"2020-09-03T12:36:47","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/acikkitap.com.tr\/dijital\/chapter\/__unknown__-101\/"},"modified":"2020-09-03T15:36:47","modified_gmt":"2020-09-03T12:36:47","slug":"__unknown__-101","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/acikkitap.com.tr\/dijital\/chapter\/__unknown__-101\/","title":{"raw":"9.4 C (Cost) Maliyet","rendered":"9.4 C (Cost) Maliyet"},"content":{"raw":"\n<p class=\"para2\"><img class=\"frame0\" src=\"http:\/\/acikkitap.com.tr\/dijital\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/09\/image0120.png\" alt=\"OEBPS\/images\/image0120.png\"><\/p>\n<span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><i>\u015eekil 9.4.1 Tamamen uzaktan (\u00e7evrim i\u00e7i) bir y\u00fcksek lisans program\u0131n\u0131n 7 y\u0131ll\u0131k maliyeti (Bates &amp; Sangra, 2011) Bu grafi\u011fin a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki podcaste t\u0131klay\u0131n<\/i><\/span><\/span>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Ses \u00f6gesi, kitab\u0131n bu s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcnden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131. Buradan \u00e7evrim i\u00e7i olarak dinleyebilirsiniz: https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/teachinginadigitalagev2\/?p=230<\/span><\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"western\">9.4.1 Medya devrimi<\/h2>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Yaln\u0131zca on y\u0131l \u00f6ncesine kadar teknoloji se\u00e7iminde maliyet \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir ay\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 fakt\u00f6rd\u00fc (H\u00fclsmann, 2000, 2003; Rumble, 2001; Bates, 2005). \u00d6rne\u011fin, e\u011fitsel ama\u00e7la kullan\u0131m a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, ses (ders anlat\u0131mlar\u0131, radyo, ses kasetleri) bas\u0131l\u0131 materyallerden \u00e7ok daha ucuzdu; bas\u0131l\u0131 materyaller bilgisayar temelli \u00f6\u011frenmenin bir\u00e7ok bi\u00e7iminden daha ucuz, bilgisayar temelli \u00f6\u011frenmenin baz\u0131 bi\u00e7imleri ise videodan (televizyon, video kaset veya video konferans) daha ucuzdu. T\u00fcm bu medya t\u00fcrleri, ya geleneksel \u00f6\u011fretime eklenen ilave bir masraf olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor ya da tamamen a\u00e7\u0131k ve uzaktan \u00f6\u011fretim haricinde y\u00fcz y\u00fcze \u00f6\u011fretimin yerine konulmas\u0131 \u00e7ok pahal\u0131 teknolojiler olarak de\u011ferlendiriliyordu.<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Ancak, son on y\u0131l i\u00e7inde farkl\u0131 medya t\u00fcrlerinin (y\u00fcz y\u00fcze \u00f6\u011fretim hari\u00e7) \u00fcretimi ve da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m\u0131na ili\u015fkin maliyetler a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakileri de i\u00e7eren bir\u00e7ok nedene ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak g\u00f6zle g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr \u015fekilde d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc:<\/span><\/p>\n\n<ul>\n \t<li><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">ak\u0131ll\u0131 telefonlar gibi kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck maliyetlerle metin, ses ve video dosyalar\u0131 olu\u015fturmalar\u0131na ve payla\u015fmalar\u0131na izin veren t\u00fcketici teknolojilerindeki h\u0131zl\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fimler;<\/span><\/li>\n \t<li><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">dijital medya t\u00fcrlerinin s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131larak y\u00fcksek bant geni\u015fli\u011fine sahip video veya televizyon yay\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n bile kablosuz ve kablolu a\u011flarda ve internet yoluyla uygun maliyetlerle (en az\u0131ndan ekonomik olarak geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkelerde) ta\u015f\u0131nabilmesi;<\/span><\/li>\n \t<li><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">profesyonel olmayan kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n bile farkl\u0131 medya t\u00fcrlerini olu\u015fturmalar\u0131n\u0131 ve payla\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 kolay h\u00e2le getiren medya yaz\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131ndaki geli\u015fmeler;<\/span><\/li>\n \t<li><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">hem \u00f6\u011frenciler hem \u00f6\u011fretmenlerin kullan\u0131m\u0131na haz\u0131r \u00f6\u011frenme materyalleri anlam\u0131na gelen medya tabanl\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k e\u011fitim kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n say\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n giderek artmas\u0131.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla genel olarak ve prensipte \u015funu s\u00f6yleyebiliriz: <em class=\"western\"><i>maliyet, art\u0131k, medya se\u00e7iminde ay\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 bir fakt\u00f6r olmaktan \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r<\/i><\/em>. E\u011fer bu ifadeyi oldu\u011fu gibi kabul ediyorsan\u0131z, bu b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn kalan k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 okumadan ge\u00e7ebilirsiniz. <em class=\"western\"><i>Hangi medya t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn daha maliyetli oldu\u011fu konusunu dert etmeyin ve e\u011fitsel ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 en iyi kar\u015f\u0131layan medya t\u00fcrlerini se\u00e7in<\/i><\/em>. Tek sorun maliyet olsayd\u0131, y\u00fcz y\u00fcze \u00f6\u011fretimin yerine tamamen \u00e7evrim i\u00e7i \u00f6\u011frenmeye ge\u00e7ip e\u011fitim i\u015fini \u00e7ok daha `ucuza\u2019 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirebilirdik.<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Bu maliyet farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131, medya t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ba\u011flam (ko\u015fullar) ve tasar\u0131m \u00f6zelliklerinden kaynaklanmaktad\u0131r. Bir \u00f6\u011fretmen a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde en b\u00fcy\u00fck maliyet \u00f6\u011fretmenin zaman\u0131d\u0131r, bu nedenle kullan\u0131lan i\u00e7eri\u011fe ve ortama ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak artan maliyetlerle ilgili hangi fakt\u00f6rlerin \"maliyet art\u0131\u015f\u0131\" oldu\u011funu bilmek \u00f6nemlidir. Bu fakt\u00f6rler yeni teknolojik geli\u015fmelerden daha az etkilenmektedir ve bu nedenle e\u011fitim medyas\u0131n\u0131n maliyetleri d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde \u201ctemel\u201d ilkeler olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Ne yaz\u0131k ki medyan\u0131n e\u011fitimde kullan\u0131lmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen maliyetleri etkileyen \u00e7ok say\u0131da fakt\u00f6r bulunmaktad\u0131r ve ve bu da maliyetlerin ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bir \u015fekilde tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ok karma\u015f\u0131k h\u00e2le getirir (daha ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bir bilgi i\u00e7in bkz. Bates ve Sangr\u00e0, 2011). Sonu\u00e7 olarak ana maliyet s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcleri tespit etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131n, sonra da bu fakt\u00f6rler y\u00fcze \u00f6\u011fretim i\u00e7in farkl\u0131 bir ortam, y\u00fcz d\u00e2hil olmak \u00fczere maliyetlerini nas\u0131l etkiledi\u011fini i\u00e7in basitle\u015ftirilmi\u015f bir rehber sa\u011flayan bir tablo sunaca\u011f\u0131m. Bu k\u0131lavuz tekrar sezgisel bir ara\u00e7 olarak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmelidir, bu nedenle Medya Maliyetleri 101 olarak bu b\u00f6l\u00fcme bak\u0131n.<\/span><\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"western\">9.4.2 Maliyet kategorileri<\/h2>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">E\u011fitsel medya ve teknolojilerin kullan\u0131m\u0131nda, \u00f6zellikle de harmanlanm\u0131\u015f veya \u00e7evrim i\u00e7i \u00f6\u011frenme ortamlar\u0131nda, ana maliyet kategorileri a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibidir:<\/span><\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"western\">9.4.2.1 Geli\u015ftirme maliyeti<\/h3>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Geli\u015ftirme maliyeti, belli bir medya t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc veya teknolojiyi kullanarak \u00f6\u011frenme materyalleri \u00fcretmek i\u00e7in gereken maliyetlerdir. Geli\u015ftirme maliyetlerinin bir\u00e7ok alt-kategorisi bulunmaktad\u0131r:<\/span><\/p>\n\n<ul>\n \t<li><em class=\"western\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><i>\u00fcretim maliyeti:<\/i><\/span><\/em><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"> bir videonun olu\u015fturulmas\u0131 veya \u00f6\u011frenme y\u00f6netim sisteminde bir ders a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n maliyeti. Web tasar\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 veya g\u00f6rsel-i\u015fitsel medya uzman\u0131 gibi personelin zaman maliyeti ile web tasar\u0131m\u0131nda ya da video prod\u00fcksiyonunda gereken t\u00fcm masraflar bu alt-kategoride de\u011ferlendirilir;<\/span><\/li>\n \t<li><em class=\"western\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><i>\u00f6\u011fretmen olarak sizin zaman\u0131n\u0131z<\/i><\/span><\/em><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">: materyal geli\u015ftirmek veya \u00fcretmek i\u00e7in harcad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z zaman ve efor. Vaktiniz nakittir; hatta belki de, e\u011fitim teknolojilerinin kullan\u0131m\u0131ndaki en b\u00fcy\u00fck maliyettir. Zaman\u0131n\u0131z para ve e\u011fitim teknolojilerini kullanman\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck tek maliyeti, ancak bundan da \u00f6nemlisi, \u00f6\u011frenme materyali geli\u015ftirdi\u011finiz i\u00e7in ara\u015ft\u0131rma yapmaya ya da \u00f6\u011frencilerinizle ilgilenmeye zaman\u0131n\u0131z kalm\u0131yorsa bu as\u0131l maliyettir ve parayla \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclemeyecek kadar de\u011ferlidir;<\/span><\/li>\n \t<li><em class=\"western\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><i>telif masraflar\u0131<\/i><\/span><\/em><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">: \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filere ait foto\u011fraflar veya videolar kullan\u0131yorsan\u0131z ge\u00e7erlidir. Yine, bu, telif hakk\u0131n\u0131 paradan daha fazla bulma ve temizlemede zaman olarak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmelidir;<\/span><\/li>\n \t<li><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">muhtemelen bir <\/span><em class=\"western\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><i> \u00f6\u011fretim tasar\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 <\/i><\/span><\/em><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"> 'nin zamana g\u00f6re maliyeti.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Geli\u015ftirme maliyetleri genellikle ya <em class=\"western\"><i>sabittir<\/i><\/em> ya da \u2018bir sefere mahsus\u2019tur. Medya bir kere geli\u015ftirildikten sonra ek bir maliyete gerek kalmadan \u00f6\u011frenci say\u0131s\u0131na g\u00f6re \u00f6l\u00e7eklendirilebilir. A\u00e7\u0131k e\u011fitim kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 kullanmak, geli\u015ftirme maliyetlerini b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde azaltacakt\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"western\">9.4.2.2 Yay\u0131n maliyeti<\/h3>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Yay\u0131n maliyeti, dersin verilmesi s\u00fcresinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen e\u011fitsel etkinliklerin maliyetini i\u00e7erir. \u00d6\u011frencilerle etkile\u015fim i\u00e7inde ge\u00e7irilen \u00f6\u011fretim s\u00fcresi, \u00f6devlerin okunmas\u0131 ve notland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in harcanan zaman ile ara\u015ft\u0131rma g\u00f6revlileri, \u00f6\u011fretim tasar\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131 ve teknik destek personeli gibi s\u00fcre\u00e7te yer alan di\u011fer personelin zaman maliyeti de bu kategoriye d\u00e2hildir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Medya temelli \u00f6\u011fretimde \u00f6\u011fretim s\u00fcresi ve teknik destek gibi be\u015feri fakt\u00f6rlerin maliyetinin de de\u011ferlendirilmesi gerekti\u011finden, \u00f6\u011frenci say\u0131s\u0131 artt\u0131k\u00e7a yay\u0131n maliyeti de artmaktad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca, ders her a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bu maliyet tekrar etmektedir. Di\u011fer bir deyi\u015fle, yay\u0131n maliyeti <em class=\"western\"><i>tekrarlayan<\/i><\/em> bir maliyettir. Bununla birlikte internet tabanl\u0131 yay\u0131n olanaklar\u0131 artt\u0131k\u00e7a ders yay\u0131nlar\u0131nda do\u011frudan <em class=\"western\"><i>teknoloji<\/i><\/em> maliyeti genellikle s\u0131f\u0131rd\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"western\">9.4.2.3 Bak\u0131m maliyeti<\/h3>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Bir ders i\u00e7in \u00fcretilen materyallerin bak\u0131m\u0131 da gerekir. Web ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131 eskiyebilir, okumalar\u0131n bask\u0131s\u0131 t\u00fckenebilir ve \u00e7ok daha \u00f6nemlisi konu alan\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen yeni geli\u015fmelerin materyallere yans\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekebilir. Haz\u0131rlan\u0131p yay\u0131na giren bir dersin, s\u00fcrekli bak\u0131m maliyeti olacakt\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">\u00d6\u011fretim tasar\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131 ve\/veya medya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131 bak\u0131m hizmetlerinin baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 yapabilirler; ancak elbette ki i\u00e7eri\u011fin g\u00fcncellenmesi veya de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesine ili\u015fkin kararlar\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131nda \u00f6\u011fretmenlerin veya e\u011fitmenlerin de s\u00fcrece d\u00e2hil edilmesi gerekmektedir. Tek bir dersin bak\u0131m\u0131 genellikle zaman kayb\u0131na yol a\u00e7acak bir s\u00fcre\u00e7 de\u011fildir. Yine de bir e\u011fitmenin birden fazla \u00e7evrim i\u00e7i dersin tasar\u0131m\u0131nda ve geli\u015ftirilmesinde g\u00f6rev almas\u0131, bak\u0131m hizmetinin miktar\u0131n\u0131 da b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde art\u0131racakt\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Bak\u0131m maliyetleri genellikle \u00f6\u011frenci say\u0131s\u0131ndan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zd\u0131r ama bir e\u011fitmenin sorumlu oldu\u011fu ders say\u0131s\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r ve her y\u0131l tekrarlanan bir maliyettir.<\/span><\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"western\">9.4.2.4 Genel giderler<\/h3>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Genel giderler, bir \u00f6\u011frenme y\u00f6netim sisteminin lisans masraflar\u0131, ders kay\u0131t teknolojileri veya sunucular gibi altyap\u0131 ya da di\u011fer genel maliyetleri i\u00e7erir. Bunlar ger\u00e7ek giderlerdir; ancak tek bir ders i\u00e7in hesaplanmay\u0131p derslerin t\u00fcm\u00fc i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erli olacak \u015fekilde ele al\u0131n\u0131rlar. Genel giderler, \u00e7o\u011funlukla idari veya kurumsal giderler olarak de\u011ferlendirilir. Kurum zaten bu t\u00fcr hizmetleri \u00f6\u011fretmenlere veya e\u011fitmenlere \u00fccretsiz olarak sa\u011fl\u0131yorsa, bir \u00f6\u011fretmenin veya e\u011fitmenin hangi medyay\u0131 ya da teknolojiyi se\u00e7ece\u011fine dair karar\u0131 etkilemez.<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Bununla birlikte yeni bir \u00e7evrim i\u00e7i program tam maliyet geri kazan\u0131m\u0131 temelinde sunulacaksa, di\u011fer kurumsal ek y\u00fcklerin de eklenmesi gerekecektir. Baz\u0131lar\u0131 kamp\u00fcs i\u00e7i kurslarla ayn\u0131 olacakt\u0131r (\u00f6rne\u011fin, Ba\u015fkanl\u0131k Ofisi'ne bir katk\u0131), ancak bina bak\u0131m\u0131 gibi kamp\u00fcs i\u00e7i \u00f6\u011frencilere uygulanan di\u011fer genel masraflar tamamen \u00e7evrim i\u00e7i bir programa ( \u00e7evrim i\u00e7i bir program\u0131n net maliyetinin genellikle kamp\u00fcs tabanl\u0131 bir programdan daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck olmas\u0131n\u0131n temel nedeni).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"western\">9.4.3 Maliyeti belirleyen fakt\u00f6rler<\/h2>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Maliyeti belirleyen ba\u015fl\u0131ca fakt\u00f6rler a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibidir:<\/span><\/p>\n\n<ul>\n \t<li><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">materyalin geli\u015ftirilmesi \/ \u00fcretimi;<\/span><\/li>\n \t<li><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">materyalin yay\u0131nlanmas\u0131;<\/span><\/li>\n \t<li><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">\u00f6\u011frenci say\u0131s\u0131 \/ \u00f6l\u00e7eklendirilebilirlik;<\/span><\/li>\n \t<li><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">\u00f6\u011fretmenin medya kullanarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma deneyimi;<\/span><\/li>\n \t<li><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">\u00f6\u011fretmenin materyali yaln\u0131z m\u0131 yoksa profesyonel bir ekiple birlikte mi geli\u015ftirdi\u011fi.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Bir video program\u0131 ya da Web sitesi gibi teknoloji tabanl\u0131 materyallerin \u00fcretimi sabit bir maliyettir; yani dersi ka\u00e7 \u00f6\u011frencinin ald\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zd\u0131r. Bununla birlikte \u00fcretim maliyetleri dersin tasar\u0131m\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak farkl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6sterebilir. Engle (2014), video prod\u00fcksiyonunda kullan\u0131lan y\u00f6nteme g\u00f6re bir KA\u00c7D i\u00e7in geli\u015ftirme maliyetlerinin alt\u0131 kata kadar de\u011fi\u015fiklik g\u00f6sterebilece\u011fi sonucuna varm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yani, en pahal\u0131 \u00fcretim y\u00f6ntemi olan st\u00fcdyo prod\u00fcksiyonunun maliyeti, bir \u00f6\u011fretmenin diz\u00fcst\u00fc bilgisayar\u0131n\u0131 kullanarak yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fcretimden alt\u0131 kat daha fazlad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Bununla birlikte materyal bir kere \u00fcretildikten sonra maliyeti \u00f6\u011frenci say\u0131s\u0131ndan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zd\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla dersin geli\u015ftirilmesi ne kadar maliyetliyse, \u00f6\u011frenci ba\u015f\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fen ortalama maliyeti azaltmak i\u00e7in \u00f6\u011frenci say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rmak o kadar gerekli olacakt\u0131r. (Ya da di\u011fer bir deyi\u015fle, \u00f6\u011frenci say\u0131s\u0131 ne kadar y\u00fcksekse, kullan\u0131lan medya t\u00fcr\u00fc ne olursa olsun y\u00fcksek kaliteli prod\u00fcksiyon yapmak ak\u0131lc\u0131 olacakt\u0131r). KA\u00c7D'lerde (bir \u00f6\u011frenme y\u00f6netim sistemi kullanarak kredi i\u00e7in \u00e7evrim i\u00e7i bir kurs olarak geli\u015ftirilmesinin neredeyse iki kat\u0131 kadar pahal\u0131 olan) - Ottawa \u00dcniversitesi, 2013) \u00f6\u011frenci say\u0131s\u0131 o kadar fazla ki \u00f6\u011frenci ba\u015f\u0131na ortalama maliyet \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr. (Bu y\u00fczden derse kay\u0131tl\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenci say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n fazla olmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde (ki ne yaz\u0131k ki her zaman b\u00f6yle olmayabilir), dijital materyallerin geli\u015ftirilmesinde `ekonomik olmak\u2019 i\u00e7in her zaman bir se\u00e7enek vard\u0131r. Bu durum, bir medya t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn <em class=\"western\"><i>\u00f6l\u00e7eklenebilirlik<\/i><\/em> potansiyeli olarak tan\u0131mlanabilir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Benzer \u015fekilde, ders geli\u015ftirildikten sonra da dersin \u00f6\u011fretimine ili\u015fkin maliyetler bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bu maliyetler, genellikle, <em class=\"western\"><i>de\u011fi\u015fken<\/i><\/em> maliyetlerdir; yani s\u0131n\u0131f b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc artt\u0131k\u00e7a artarlar. \u00c7evrim i\u00e7i tart\u0131\u015fma forumlar\u0131 ve \u00f6dev puanland\u0131rma a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6\u011frenci-\u00f6\u011fretmen etkile\u015fimi y\u00f6netilebilir bir d\u00fczeyde tutulmak isteniyorsa, \u00f6\u011fretmen-\u00f6\u011frenci oran\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6reli olarak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck tutulmas\u0131 gerekir (\u00f6rne\u011fin konu alan\u0131na ve dersin d\u00fczeyine g\u00f6re 1:25 ila 1:40 aras\u0131nda). Derse kay\u0131tl\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenci say\u0131s\u0131 ne kadar \u00e7oksa, \u00f6\u011fretmen de dersi vermek i\u00e7in o kadar \u00e7ok zaman harcayacakt\u0131r ya da s\u00f6zle\u015fmeli ba\u015fka \u00f6\u011fretmenlerden destek almak ihtiyac\u0131 do\u011facakt\u0131r. Her iki durumda da artan \u00f6\u011frenci say\u0131s\u0131 maliyetlerin de artmas\u0131na neden olacakt\u0131r. Bu anlamda, KA\u00c7D\u2019ler bir istisnad\u0131r. KA\u00c7D\u2019lerin temel de\u011fer \u00f6nerisi do\u011frudan \u00f6\u011frenci deste\u011fi sa\u011flamamalar\u0131d\u0131r, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ders yay\u0131n\u0131na ili\u015fkin maliyetleri yoktur. Bununla birlikte kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n \u00e7ok az bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n KA\u00c7D\u2019leri ba\u015far\u0131yla tamamlayabilmesinin ard\u0131ndaki neden de belki do\u011frudan \u00f6\u011frenci deste\u011finin olmamas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">O zaman, ileride \u00f6\u011fretmen-\u00f6\u011frenci etkile\u015fimine talebi azaltacaksa, ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta interaktif \u00f6\u011frenme materyalleri i\u00e7in daha fazla para harcamak \u00f6\u011fretmen veya kurum a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan faydal\u0131 olabilir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, bir matematik dersinde otomatik \u00f6l\u00e7me, de\u011ferlendirme ve geri bildirim ya da benzetimler ve diyagramlar veya s\u0131k\u00e7a sorulan sorulara haz\u0131r cevaplar kullan\u0131labilir; b\u00f6ylece, \u00f6\u011fretmenin b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00f6devleri tek tek notland\u0131rmas\u0131na veya de\u011ferlendirme i\u00e7in \u00f6\u011fretmenle bireysel ileti\u015fime ge\u00e7ilmesine gerek kalmayacak ve zaman kayb\u0131 \u00f6nlenecektir. Bu durumda, kaliteden fazla \u00f6d\u00fcn vermeden, \u00f6\u011fretmen-\u00f6\u011frenci oranlar\u0131n\u0131n 1:200\u2019lere \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 bile m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olacakt\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Bunlar\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra belirli bir medya t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc veya y\u00f6ntemini kullanma deneyimi de \u00f6nemlidir. Bir \u00f6\u011fretmen ses kayd\u0131 gibi belirli bir medya t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc ilk kez kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda harcad\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman, sonraki ses kayd\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda harcayaca\u011f\u0131 zamandan daha uzun olacakt\u0131r. Baz\u0131 teknolojileri veya medya t\u00fcrlerini kullanmay\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenmekse, di\u011ferlerinden daha uzun zaman alabilir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla burada maliyeti belirleyen fakt\u00f6r, \u00f6\u011fretmenin tek ba\u015f\u0131na m\u0131 yoksa medya alan\u0131ndaki profesyonel ki\u015filerle birlikte mi \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Bir \u00f6\u011fretmenin ders materyallerini tek ba\u015f\u0131na geli\u015ftirmesi, profesyonel bir ekiple birlikte geli\u015ftirmesinden daha uzun zaman alacakt\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Dijital medya geli\u015ftiren \u00f6\u011fretmenlerin, profesyonel ekiplerle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda fayda vard\u0131r. Alan\u0131n uzman\u0131 profesyonel ekipler hem daha nitelikli \u00fcr\u00fcnler elde edilmesini sa\u011flayacak, hem de do\u011fru yaz\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n se\u00e7ilmesi, d\u00fczenleme ve dijital materyallerin depolanmas\u0131 ve yay\u0131nlanmas\u0131 gibi konularda \u00e7abuk ve do\u011fru karar vererek \u00f6\u011fretmenlerin zaman kayb\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nleyecektir. \u00d6\u011fretim tasar\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131 da farkl\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenme \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131lar\u0131 i\u00e7in farkl\u0131 medya t\u00fcrlerinin uygunlu\u011fu konusunda \u00f6nerilerde bulunarak \u00f6\u011fretmenlere yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilir. Bu nedenle, t\u00fcm e\u011fitim tasar\u0131mlar\u0131nda oldu\u011fu gibi birtak\u0131m yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n daha etkili olmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr ve alan uzman\u0131 profesyonel ki\u015filerle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak, \u00f6\u011fretmenlerin medya t\u00fcrlerini geli\u015ftirmeye harcad\u0131klar\u0131 zaman\u0131 kontrol alt\u0131na almalar\u0131na da yard\u0131mc\u0131 olacakt\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Son olarak \u015funu s\u00f6ylemek gerekir: Tasar\u0131ma ili\u015fkin kararlar, kritik kararlard\u0131r. Maliyetin arkas\u0131ndaki en \u00f6nemli fakt\u00f6rlerden biri, tasar\u0131ma ili\u015fkin al\u0131nan kararlard\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin, y\u00fcz y\u00fcze \u00f6\u011fretimde ders anlat\u0131m\u0131yla seminerlerin veya laboratuvar \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n maliyet fakt\u00f6rleri birbirinden farkl\u0131d\u0131r. Benzer \u015fekilde videoyu \u00f6\u011fretmenin ders anlat\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 kaydetmede kullanabilece\u011fimiz gibi bir s\u00fcrecin g\u00f6sterilmesi ya da bir mek\u00e2n\u0131n \u00e7ekimi gibi medya t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn avantajlar\u0131n\u0131 ve sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kolayl\u0131klar\u0131ndan yararlanmak i\u00e7in (bk. Tema 8) kullan\u0131labilirler. Bilgisayar ve internetin sahip oldu\u011fu tasar\u0131m \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fi ise olduk\u00e7a fazlad\u0131r: \u00e7evrim i\u00e7i i\u015f birli\u011fine dayal\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenme (\u00c7\u0130DO), bilgisayar temelli \u00f6\u011frenme, animasyonlar, benzetimler ve sanal d\u00fcnyalar gibi.<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">\u015eekil 9.4.3, esas olarak karar veren \u00f6\u011fretmen veya \u00f6\u011fretmenin bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131na odaklanarak maliyet fakt\u00f6rlerinin karma\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yakalama giri\u015fimleri. Bu \u015feklin, konu \u00fczerinde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmemizi sa\u011flayacak bir ara\u00e7 oldu\u011funu unutmamal\u0131y\u0131z. Duruma g\u00f6re sosyal medya veya materyallerin bak\u0131m giderleri gibi ba\u015fka fakt\u00f6rleri de bu listeye eklemek olas\u0131d\u0131r. \u015eekilde g\u00f6sterdi\u011fim fakt\u00f6rler ve her fakt\u00f6r i\u00e7in yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m de\u011ferlendirme, kendi ki\u015fisel deneyimlerime dayal\u0131d\u0131r. Yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m de\u011ferlendirmede, geleneksel \u00f6\u011fretimi orta veya \u2018ortalama\u2019 maliyet olarak al\u0131p di\u011ferlerini geleneksel \u00f6\u011fretime g\u00f6re daha y\u00fcksek ya da daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck maliyete sahip olmas\u0131na g\u00f6re s\u0131raland\u0131rd\u0131m. Di\u011fer okuyucular, bu fakt\u00f6rleri daha farkl\u0131 \u015fekilde yorumlay\u0131p de\u011ferlendirebilir.<\/span><\/p>\n\n<table class=\"grid landscape\" style=\"width: 50.0181%; height: 204px;\" width=\"57.8482%\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"7\"><colgroup> <col width=\"27*\"> <col width=\"34*\"> <col width=\"32*\"> <col width=\"33*\"> <col width=\"30*\"> <col width=\"39*\"> <col width=\"30*\"> <col width=\"32*\"> <\/colgroup>\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 30px;\" valign=\"top\">\n<td style=\"background: #d9e2f3; width: 8.5981%; height: 45px;\" colspan=\"2\" rowspan=\"2\" bgcolor=\"#d9e2f3\" width=\"24%\" height=\"7\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"background: #d9e2f3; width: 50.4339%; height: 30px;\" colspan=\"6\" bgcolor=\"#d9e2f3\" width=\"76%\">\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Maliyet Fakt\u00f6rleri (\u00d6\u011fretmenler \u0130\u00e7in)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\" valign=\"top\">\n<td style=\"width: 8.21291%; height: 15px;\" width=\"13%\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 9.97071%; height: 15px;\" width=\"13%\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">geli\u015ftirme maliyeti<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 7.39974%; height: 15px;\" width=\"12%\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">yay\u0131n<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 4.63328%; height: 15px;\" width=\"15%\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">\u00f6l\u00e7eklenebilirlik<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 9.22374%; height: 15px;\" width=\"12%\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">tecr\u00fcbe<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 10.9935%; height: 15px;\" width=\"12%\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">kendi materyalini geli\u015ftirme.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"background: #d9e2f3; width: 4.31085%; height: 159px;\" rowspan=\"10\" bgcolor=\"#d9e2f3\" width=\"11%\" height=\"8\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Medyalar<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"background: #d9e2f3; width: 4.28725%; height: 30px;\" rowspan=\"2\" bgcolor=\"#d9e2f3\" width=\"13%\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Y\u00fcz y\u00fcze<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"background: #d9e2f3; width: 8.21291%; height: 15px;\" bgcolor=\"#d9e2f3\" width=\"13%\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">dersler<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"background: #d9e2f3; width: 9.97071%; height: 15px;\" bgcolor=\"#d9e2f3\" width=\"13%\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">medya<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"background: #d9e2f3; width: 7.39974%; height: 15px;\" bgcolor=\"#d9e2f3\" width=\"12%\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">medya<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"background: #d9e2f3; width: 4.63328%; height: 15px;\" bgcolor=\"#d9e2f3\" width=\"15%\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">k\u0131smen<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"background: #d9e2f3; width: 9.22374%; height: 15px;\" bgcolor=\"#d9e2f3\" width=\"12%\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"background: #d9e2f3; width: 10.9935%; height: 15px;\" bgcolor=\"#d9e2f3\" width=\"12%\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 8.21291%; height: 15px;\" width=\"13%\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">seminerler<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 9.97071%; height: 15px;\" width=\"13%\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 7.39974%; height: 15px;\" width=\"12%\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">y\u00fcksek<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 4.63328%; height: 15px;\" width=\"15%\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">hay\u0131r<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 9.22374%; height: 15px;\" width=\"12%\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">medya<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 10.9935%; height: 15px;\" width=\"12%\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"background: #d9e2f3; width: 4.28725%; height: 15px;\" bgcolor=\"#d9e2f3\" width=\"13%\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Bas\u0131l\u0131<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"background: #d9e2f3; width: 8.21291%; height: 15px;\" bgcolor=\"#d9e2f3\" width=\"13%\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">kitap<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"background: #d9e2f3; width: 9.97071%; height: 15px;\" bgcolor=\"#d9e2f3\" width=\"13%\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">y\u00fcksek<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"background: #d9e2f3; width: 7.39974%; height: 15px;\" bgcolor=\"#d9e2f3\" width=\"12%\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">y\u00fcksek<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"background: #d9e2f3; width: 4.63328%; height: 15px;\" bgcolor=\"#d9e2f3\" width=\"15%\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">evet<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"background: #d9e2f3; width: 9.22374%; height: 15px;\" bgcolor=\"#d9e2f3\" width=\"12%\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">y\u00fcksek<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"background: #d9e2f3; width: 10.9935%; height: 15px;\" bgcolor=\"#d9e2f3\" width=\"12%\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">y\u00fcksek<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 4.28725%; height: 15px;\" width=\"13%\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Ses<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 8.21291%; height: 15px;\" width=\"13%\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">ses dosyas\u0131<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 9.97071%; height: 15px;\" width=\"13%\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 7.39974%; height: 15px;\" width=\"12%\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 4.63328%; height: 15px;\" width=\"15%\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">evet<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 9.22374%; height: 15px;\" width=\"12%\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 10.9935%; height: 15px;\" width=\"12%\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"background: #d9e2f3; width: 4.28725%; height: 30px;\" rowspan=\"2\" bgcolor=\"#d9e2f3\" width=\"13%\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Video<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"background: #d9e2f3; width: 8.21291%; height: 15px;\" bgcolor=\"#d9e2f3\" width=\"13%\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">konu\u015fan kafalar<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"background: #d9e2f3; width: 9.97071%; height: 15px;\" bgcolor=\"#d9e2f3\" width=\"13%\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">medya<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"background: #d9e2f3; width: 7.39974%; height: 15px;\" bgcolor=\"#d9e2f3\" width=\"12%\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"background: #d9e2f3; width: 4.63328%; height: 15px;\" bgcolor=\"#d9e2f3\" width=\"15%\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">evet<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"background: #d9e2f3; width: 9.22374%; height: 15px;\" bgcolor=\"#d9e2f3\" width=\"12%\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"background: #d9e2f3; width: 10.9935%; height: 15px;\" bgcolor=\"#d9e2f3\" width=\"12%\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">medya<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 8.21291%; height: 15px;\" width=\"13%\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">zorluklar<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 9.97071%; height: 15px;\" width=\"13%\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">y\u00fcksek<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 7.39974%; height: 15px;\" width=\"12%\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 4.63328%; height: 15px;\" width=\"15%\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">evet<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 9.22374%; height: 15px;\" width=\"12%\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">y\u00fcksek<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 10.9935%; height: 15px;\" width=\"12%\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">y\u00fcksek<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"background: #d9e2f3; width: 4.28725%; height: 69px;\" rowspan=\"4\" bgcolor=\"#d9e2f3\" width=\"13%\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Bilgisayar<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"background: #d9e2f3; width: 8.21291%; height: 15px;\" bgcolor=\"#d9e2f3\" width=\"13%\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">\u00c7\u0130D\u00d6<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"background: #d9e2f3; width: 9.97071%; height: 15px;\" bgcolor=\"#d9e2f3\" width=\"13%\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"background: #d9e2f3; width: 7.39974%; height: 15px;\" bgcolor=\"#d9e2f3\" width=\"12%\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">y\u00fcksek<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"background: #d9e2f3; width: 4.63328%; height: 15px;\" bgcolor=\"#d9e2f3\" width=\"15%\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">hay\u0131r<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"background: #d9e2f3; width: 9.22374%; height: 15px;\" bgcolor=\"#d9e2f3\" width=\"12%\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">medya<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"background: #d9e2f3; width: 10.9935%; height: 15px;\" bgcolor=\"#d9e2f3\" width=\"12%\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 8.21291%; height: 24px;\" width=\"13%\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">BT\u00d6<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 9.97071%; height: 24px;\" width=\"13%\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">y\u00fcksek<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 7.39974%; height: 24px;\" width=\"12%\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 4.63328%; height: 24px;\" width=\"15%\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">evet<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 9.22374%; height: 24px;\" width=\"12%\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">medya<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 10.9935%; height: 24px;\" width=\"12%\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">medya<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"background: #d9e2f3; width: 8.21291%; height: 15px;\" bgcolor=\"#d9e2f3\" width=\"13%\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">animasyon. veya benzetim...<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"background: #d9e2f3; width: 9.97071%; height: 15px;\" bgcolor=\"#d9e2f3\" width=\"13%\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">y\u00fcksek<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"background: #d9e2f3; width: 7.39974%; height: 15px;\" bgcolor=\"#d9e2f3\" width=\"12%\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"background: #d9e2f3; width: 4.63328%; height: 15px;\" bgcolor=\"#d9e2f3\" width=\"15%\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">evet<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"background: #d9e2f3; width: 9.22374%; height: 15px;\" bgcolor=\"#d9e2f3\" width=\"12%\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">y\u00fcksek<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"background: #d9e2f3; width: 10.9935%; height: 15px;\" bgcolor=\"#d9e2f3\" width=\"12%\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">y\u00fcksek<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 8.21291%; height: 15px;\" width=\"13%\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">sanal d\u00fcnyalar<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 9.97071%; height: 15px;\" width=\"13%\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">y\u00fcksek<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 7.39974%; height: 15px;\" width=\"12%\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 4.63328%; height: 15px;\" width=\"15%\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">7<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 9.22374%; height: 15px;\" width=\"12%\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">y\u00fcksek<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 10.9935%; height: 15px;\" width=\"12%\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">y\u00fcksek<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><i>\u015eekil 9.4.3 E\u011fitsel Medya Maliyetlerini Etkileyen Fakt\u00f6rler<\/i><\/span><\/span>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Farkl\u0131 teknolojiler kullanarak bir \u00f6\u011frenme ortam\u0131 geli\u015ftirmek ve kullanmak i\u00e7in harcanacak zaman bir \u00f6\u011fretmenin hangi teknolojiyi se\u00e7ece\u011fini etkilese de, burada basit bir denklemden fazlas\u0131ndan bahsediyoruz. \u00d6rne\u011fin video ve metin bazl\u0131 materyallerin kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 nitelikli bir \u00e7evrim i\u00e7i ders geli\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in \u00f6\u011fretmenin ihtiyac\u0131 olan haz\u0131rl\u0131k s\u00fcresi, ayn\u0131 dersin s\u0131n\u0131f ortam\u0131nda y\u00fcz y\u00fcze verilmesi i\u00e7in ihtiya\u00e7 duyulan s\u00fcreden \u00e7ok daha fazla olacakt\u0131r. Bununla birlikte uzun s\u00fcreli d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde \u00e7evrim i\u00e7i dersin verilmesi daha az zaman alacakt\u0131r \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00f6\u011frencilerin \u00e7evrim i\u00e7i g\u00f6revleri yerine getirmekle harcayacaklar\u0131 zaman \u00f6\u011fretmenle do\u011frudan etkile\u015fime ge\u00e7tikleri zamandan daha fazla olacakt\u0131r. Burada bir kez daha \u015funu g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz: Tasar\u0131m, maliyet de\u011ferlendirilmesinde \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir fakt\u00f6rd\u00fcr.<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">K\u0131sacas\u0131, \u00f6\u011fretmen a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan zaman \u00e7ok kritik bir maliyet fakt\u00f6r\u00fcd\u00fcr. \u00d6\u011fretmenler, kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 uzun s\u00fcre alan teknolojiler yerine kullan\u0131m\u0131 kolay teknolojileri se\u00e7mekte ve b\u00f6ylece zaman kazanmaktad\u0131r. Son olarak tekrar belirtmek gerekir ki tasar\u0131ma ili\u015fkin kararlar \u00f6\u011fretmenlerin herhangi bir teknoloji veya medya t\u00fcr\u00fc i\u00e7in ne kadar zaman harcayacaklar\u0131 \u00fczerinde \u00e7ok etkilidir; bununla birlikte \u00f6\u011frencilerin ve \u00f6\u011fretmenlerin kendi e\u011fitsel medyalar\u0131n\u0131 yaratma becerisi de giderek \u00f6nemli bir fakt\u00f6r h\u00e2line gelmektedir.<\/span><\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"western\">9.4.4 Dikkat edilmesi gereken noktalar<\/h2>\n<h3 class=\"western\">9.4.4.1 Dersi videolar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 KA\u00c7D: maliyet fakt\u00f6rleri<\/h3>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Son y\u0131llarda, \u00fcniversitelerde g\u00f6rev yapan \u00f6\u011fretim \u00fcyeleri \u00e7evrim i\u00e7i dersler i\u00e7in ders anlat\u0131m videolar\u0131n\u0131 yo\u011fun olarak kullanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131lar. \u00d6zellikle de \u00e7evrim i\u00e7i veya uzaktan \u00f6\u011frenmenin nispeten yeni oldu\u011fu \u00fcniversitelerde durum b\u00f6yle \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc ders anlat\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 kaydetmek \u00f6\u011frenme y\u00f6netim sistemlerinde ders tasarlay\u0131p \u00f6\u011frenme materyali haz\u0131rlamaktan daha kolay. Bir ba\u015fka neden de, ders anlat\u0131m videolar\u0131n\u0131n geleneksel s\u0131n\u0131f y\u00f6ntemine en fazla benzeyen t\u00fcr olmas\u0131. \u00d6\u011fretenlerin \u00e7ok daha az de\u011fi\u015fiklik gerektirir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Pedaojik olarak ( konu alanla ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak ) t\u00fcm \u00f6\u011fretim tasar\u0131m\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda oldu\u011fu gibi bir ekip yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n daha etkili olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Alan uzman\u0131 profesyonel ki\u015filerle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak, \u00f6\u011fretmenlerin medya t\u00fcrlerini geli\u015ftirmeye harcad\u0131klar\u0131 zaman\u0131 kontrol alt\u0131na almalar\u0131na da yard\u0131mc\u0131 olacakt\u0131r. Ve, tabii ki ders kayd\u0131 videolar\u0131 genellikle bir LMS ile birlikte kullan\u0131l\u0131r. <span style=\"color: #008000;\">Farkl\u0131 teknolojilerin e\u011filimi, e\u011fitmenlerin geli\u015fim ve \u00f6\u011fretim aras\u0131ndaki s\u00fcresini de\u011fi\u015ftirmektir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, bir \u00d6YS gibi medyan\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 \u200b\u200bgeli\u015ftirme maliyetleri daha y\u00fcksek olabilir, ancak y\u00fcz y\u00fcze \u00f6\u011fretime g\u00f6re y\u0131ll\u0131k teslimat ve bak\u0131m maliyetleri \u00e7ok daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"western\">9.4.4.2 \u00d6\u011frenci fakt\u00f6r\u00fc<\/h3>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Ayn\u0131 zamanda, \u00f6\u011frenciler de art\u0131k proje \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7oklu ortam materyallerini veya de\u011ferlendirme ama\u00e7l\u0131 e-portfolyolar\u0131n\u0131 haz\u0131rlamak i\u00e7in kendi cihazlar\u0131n\u0131 kullanabiliyorlar. Teknoloji ve medya sayesinde, \u00f6\u011fretmenler \u00f6\u011frenme-\u00f6\u011fretme i\u015finin zorlu k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011frencilere devredebilmektedirler. Teknoloji ve medya sayesinde, \u00f6\u011frenciler kendilerine verilen g\u00f6revleri daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck maliyetle ve \u00fczerinde daha fazla \u00e7al\u0131\u015farak yerine getirebiliyorlar.Mobil telefonlar veya tablet bilgisayarlar, \u00f6\u011frencilerin kendi dijital eserlerini olu\u015fturmalar\u0131na ve \u00f6\u011frendiklerini somut bir \u015fekilde g\u00f6stermelerine olanak sa\u011fl\u0131yor. Bunun anlam\u0131, \u00f6\u011frencilerin \u00e7evrim i\u00e7i \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken \u00f6\u011fretmenin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ihtiya\u00e7 duymamalar\u0131 de\u011fil elbette... Ancak \u00f6\u011fretmenin \u00f6\u011frenmeyi destekleme s\u00fcrecindeki yeri ve rol\u00fcn\u00fcn de\u011fi\u015fmekte oldu\u011funu g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz.<\/span><\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"western\">9.4.5 Sonu\u00e7<\/h2>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Maliyet, medya se\u00e7imini etkileyen kritik bir fakt\u00f6rd\u00fcr. E\u011fitmenler i\u00e7in ana maliyet harcad\u0131klar\u0131 zaman olacakt\u0131r. Bununla birlikte malzemelerin \u00fcretimi ya da haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra bir dersin birka\u00e7 y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcrecine de bakmak \u00f6nemlidir. Dikkatli bir \u015fekilde \u00fcretilen medya \u00fcretimde daha fazla zaman alabilir, ancak \u00f6zellikle \u00f6\u011frenci etkinlikleri ve otomatik geri bildirim tasar\u0131ma d\u00e2hil edilebiliyorsa, teslimatta b\u00fcy\u00fck zaman kazand\u0131rabilir. Bu nedenle baz\u0131 kurumlar\u0131n tasar\u0131m ve geli\u015ftirme i\u00e7in e\u011fitmen zaman\u0131n\u0131 bo\u015faltmak i\u00e7in yenilik\u00e7i \u00f6\u011fretim veya teknoloji tabanl\u0131 \u00f6\u011fretim ve \u00f6\u011frenim i\u00e7in \u00f6zel bir fonu vard\u0131r.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Medya da \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde geli\u015ftirme, teslimat, bak\u0131m ve i\u015fletme giderleri aras\u0131nda maliyet dengesi farkl\u0131d\u0131r. Y\u00fcz y\u00fcze e\u011fitimin asgari geli\u015ftirme maliyetleri vard\u0131r ancak \u00f6\u011fretim s\u00fcresi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan a\u011f\u0131r da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m maliyetleri vard\u0131r; LMS tabanl\u0131 bir \u00e7evrim i\u00e7i kurs, geli\u015ftirme ve teslimat maliyetleri aras\u0131nda daha e\u015fit bir dengeye sahiptir. Ciddi oyunlar genellikle y\u00fcksek geli\u015ftirme maliyetlerine ama \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m \u00fccretlerine sahipir.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Denge ne olursa olsun, maliyet medya se\u00e7iminde h\u00e2la kritik bir fakt\u00f6rd\u00fcr.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"western\">Kaynak\u00e7a<\/h2>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Bates, A. (2005) <em class=\"western\"><i>Technology, e-Learning and Distance Education<\/i><\/em> London\/New York: Routledge<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Bates, A. and Sangr\u00e0, A. (2011) <em class=\"western\"><i>Managing Technology in Higher Education<\/i><\/em> San Francisco: Jossey-Bass<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Engle, W. (2104) <em class=\"western\"><i>UBC MOOC Pilot: Design and Delivery<\/i><\/em> Vancouver BC: University of British Columbia<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">H\u00fclsmann, T. (2000) <em class=\"western\"><i>The Costs of Open Learning: A Handbook<\/i><\/em> Oldenburg: Bibliotheks- und Informationssytem der Universit\u00e4t Oldenburg<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">H\u00fclsmann, T. (2003) Costs without camouflage: a cost analysis of Oldenburg University\u2019s two graduate certificate programs offered as part of the online Master of Distance Education (MDE): a case study, in Bernath, U. and Rubin, E., (eds.) <em class=\"western\"><i>Reflections on Teaching in an Online Program: A Case Study<\/i><\/em> Oldenburg, Germany: Bibliothecks-und Informationssystem der Carl von Ossietsky Universit\u00e4t Oldenburg<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Rumble, G. (2001) The Cost and Costing of Networked Learning <em class=\"western\"><i>Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks<\/i><\/em>, Volume 5, Issue 2<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">University of Ottawa (2013)<em class=\"western\"><i>Report of the e-Learning Working Group<\/i><\/em> Ottawa ON: The University of Ottawa<\/span><\/p>\n\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"western\">Etkinlik 9.4 Maliyet, hangi teknolojiyi kullanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 nas\u0131l etkiler?<\/p>\n\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<ol>\n \t<li><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Harcayaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z zamana ili\u015fkin kayg\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131z, hangi teknolojiyi veya medya t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc kullanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 etkiliyor mu? Etkiliyorsa, nas\u0131l? Maliyetlerle ilgili bu b\u00f6l\u00fcm fikrinizi de\u011fi\u015ftirdi mi?<\/span><\/li>\n \t<li><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Derse haz\u0131rlamak ne kadar zaman\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 al\u0131yor? Bu zaman\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenme materyallerini haz\u0131rlamak i\u00e7in harcay\u0131p, kalan zaman\u0131 \u00f6\u011frencilerinizle (y\u00fcz y\u00fcze veya \u00e7evrim i\u00e7i) ileti\u015fim kurmak i\u00e7in kullanabilir misiniz?<\/span><\/li>\n \t<li><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Medya tasar\u0131m\u0131 ve geli\u015ftirilmesi i\u00e7in kurumunuzda g\u00f6rev yapan \u00f6\u011fretim tasar\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131ndan veya di\u011fer profesyonel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlardan nas\u0131l bir destek al\u0131yorsunuz? Bu soruya verece\u011finiz cevap size medyaya ili\u015fkin kararlar\u0131n\u0131zla ilgili neler s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor? \u00d6rne\u011fin tasar\u0131m ve geli\u015ftirme deste\u011fi alamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z bir ilk veya orta\u00f6\u011fretim kurumunda \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorsan\u0131z, medya tasar\u0131m\u0131na ili\u015fkin nas\u0131l bir karar vermeniz gerekirdi?<\/span><\/li>\n \t<li><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">\u015eekil 9.4.3\u2019deki tabloyu siz haz\u0131rl\u0131yor olsayd\u0131n\u0131z, tablonuz benimkinden ne kadar farkl\u0131 olurdu? Neden?<\/span><\/li>\n \t<li><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">\u015eekil 9.4.3'e, \u015fu medya t\u00fcrlerini de ekleyin: e-portfolyo ve sosyal medya (bilgisayar ve internet ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131na). Bloglar\u0131, wikileri ve bKA\u00c7D\u2019leri de ekleyin. Tabloya eklemek istedi\u011finiz ba\u015fka medya t\u00fcrleri de var m\u0131? Orada da eklemek istedi\u011fin ba\u015fka bir medya var m\u0131?<\/span><\/li>\n \t<li><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">A\u00e7\u0131klamaya kat\u0131l\u0131yor musunuz: <\/span><em class=\"western\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><i> Maliyet tek d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce olsayd\u0131, y\u00fcz y\u00fcze \u00f6\u011fretimin yerine tamamen \u00e7evrim i\u00e7i \u00f6\u011frenmenin yerini almak daha ucuz olurdu. <\/i><\/span><\/em><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">&nbsp;? Bu ger\u00e7ekten do\u011fruysa, \u00f6\u011fretimin etkileri nelerdir? Y\u00fcz y\u00fcze \u00f6\u011fretim yapmaya devam etmeyi hakl\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karan noktalar nelerdir?<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Bu sorular hakk\u0131nda geri bildirim i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki podcaste t\u0131klay\u0131n:<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Ses \u00f6gesi, kitab\u0131n bu s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcnden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131. Buradan \u00e7evrim i\u00e7i olarak dinleyebilirsiniz: https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/teachinginadigitalagev2\/?p=230<\/span><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n&nbsp;\n","rendered":"<p class=\"para2\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"frame0\" src=\"http:\/\/acikkitap.com.tr\/dijital\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/09\/image0120.png\" alt=\"OEBPS\/images\/image0120.png\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><i>\u015eekil 9.4.1 Tamamen uzaktan (\u00e7evrim i\u00e7i) bir y\u00fcksek lisans program\u0131n\u0131n 7 y\u0131ll\u0131k maliyeti (Bates &amp; Sangra, 2011) Bu grafi\u011fin a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131 i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki podcaste t\u0131klay\u0131n<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Ses \u00f6gesi, kitab\u0131n bu s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcnden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131. Buradan \u00e7evrim i\u00e7i olarak dinleyebilirsiniz: https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/teachinginadigitalagev2\/?p=230<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"western\">9.4.1 Medya devrimi<\/h2>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Yaln\u0131zca on y\u0131l \u00f6ncesine kadar teknoloji se\u00e7iminde maliyet \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir ay\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 fakt\u00f6rd\u00fc (H\u00fclsmann, 2000, 2003; Rumble, 2001; Bates, 2005). \u00d6rne\u011fin, e\u011fitsel ama\u00e7la kullan\u0131m a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, ses (ders anlat\u0131mlar\u0131, radyo, ses kasetleri) bas\u0131l\u0131 materyallerden \u00e7ok daha ucuzdu; bas\u0131l\u0131 materyaller bilgisayar temelli \u00f6\u011frenmenin bir\u00e7ok bi\u00e7iminden daha ucuz, bilgisayar temelli \u00f6\u011frenmenin baz\u0131 bi\u00e7imleri ise videodan (televizyon, video kaset veya video konferans) daha ucuzdu. T\u00fcm bu medya t\u00fcrleri, ya geleneksel \u00f6\u011fretime eklenen ilave bir masraf olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor ya da tamamen a\u00e7\u0131k ve uzaktan \u00f6\u011fretim haricinde y\u00fcz y\u00fcze \u00f6\u011fretimin yerine konulmas\u0131 \u00e7ok pahal\u0131 teknolojiler olarak de\u011ferlendiriliyordu.<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Ancak, son on y\u0131l i\u00e7inde farkl\u0131 medya t\u00fcrlerinin (y\u00fcz y\u00fcze \u00f6\u011fretim hari\u00e7) \u00fcretimi ve da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m\u0131na ili\u015fkin maliyetler a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakileri de i\u00e7eren bir\u00e7ok nedene ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak g\u00f6zle g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr \u015fekilde d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">ak\u0131ll\u0131 telefonlar gibi kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck maliyetlerle metin, ses ve video dosyalar\u0131 olu\u015fturmalar\u0131na ve payla\u015fmalar\u0131na izin veren t\u00fcketici teknolojilerindeki h\u0131zl\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fimler;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">dijital medya t\u00fcrlerinin s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131larak y\u00fcksek bant geni\u015fli\u011fine sahip video veya televizyon yay\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131n bile kablosuz ve kablolu a\u011flarda ve internet yoluyla uygun maliyetlerle (en az\u0131ndan ekonomik olarak geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00fclkelerde) ta\u015f\u0131nabilmesi;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">profesyonel olmayan kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n bile farkl\u0131 medya t\u00fcrlerini olu\u015fturmalar\u0131n\u0131 ve payla\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 kolay h\u00e2le getiren medya yaz\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131ndaki geli\u015fmeler;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">hem \u00f6\u011frenciler hem \u00f6\u011fretmenlerin kullan\u0131m\u0131na haz\u0131r \u00f6\u011frenme materyalleri anlam\u0131na gelen medya tabanl\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k e\u011fitim kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n say\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n giderek artmas\u0131.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla genel olarak ve prensipte \u015funu s\u00f6yleyebiliriz: <em class=\"western\"><i>maliyet, art\u0131k, medya se\u00e7iminde ay\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 bir fakt\u00f6r olmaktan \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r<\/i><\/em>. E\u011fer bu ifadeyi oldu\u011fu gibi kabul ediyorsan\u0131z, bu b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn kalan k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 okumadan ge\u00e7ebilirsiniz. <em class=\"western\"><i>Hangi medya t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn daha maliyetli oldu\u011fu konusunu dert etmeyin ve e\u011fitsel ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 en iyi kar\u015f\u0131layan medya t\u00fcrlerini se\u00e7in<\/i><\/em>. Tek sorun maliyet olsayd\u0131, y\u00fcz y\u00fcze \u00f6\u011fretimin yerine tamamen \u00e7evrim i\u00e7i \u00f6\u011frenmeye ge\u00e7ip e\u011fitim i\u015fini \u00e7ok daha `ucuza\u2019 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirebilirdik.<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Bu maliyet farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131, medya t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ba\u011flam (ko\u015fullar) ve tasar\u0131m \u00f6zelliklerinden kaynaklanmaktad\u0131r. Bir \u00f6\u011fretmen a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde en b\u00fcy\u00fck maliyet \u00f6\u011fretmenin zaman\u0131d\u0131r, bu nedenle kullan\u0131lan i\u00e7eri\u011fe ve ortama ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak artan maliyetlerle ilgili hangi fakt\u00f6rlerin &#8220;maliyet art\u0131\u015f\u0131&#8221; oldu\u011funu bilmek \u00f6nemlidir. Bu fakt\u00f6rler yeni teknolojik geli\u015fmelerden daha az etkilenmektedir ve bu nedenle e\u011fitim medyas\u0131n\u0131n maliyetleri d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde \u201ctemel\u201d ilkeler olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Ne yaz\u0131k ki medyan\u0131n e\u011fitimde kullan\u0131lmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen maliyetleri etkileyen \u00e7ok say\u0131da fakt\u00f6r bulunmaktad\u0131r ve ve bu da maliyetlerin ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bir \u015fekilde tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ok karma\u015f\u0131k h\u00e2le getirir (daha ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bir bilgi i\u00e7in bkz. Bates ve Sangr\u00e0, 2011). Sonu\u00e7 olarak ana maliyet s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcleri tespit etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131n, sonra da bu fakt\u00f6rler y\u00fcze \u00f6\u011fretim i\u00e7in farkl\u0131 bir ortam, y\u00fcz d\u00e2hil olmak \u00fczere maliyetlerini nas\u0131l etkiledi\u011fini i\u00e7in basitle\u015ftirilmi\u015f bir rehber sa\u011flayan bir tablo sunaca\u011f\u0131m. Bu k\u0131lavuz tekrar sezgisel bir ara\u00e7 olarak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmelidir, bu nedenle Medya Maliyetleri 101 olarak bu b\u00f6l\u00fcme bak\u0131n.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"western\">9.4.2 Maliyet kategorileri<\/h2>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">E\u011fitsel medya ve teknolojilerin kullan\u0131m\u0131nda, \u00f6zellikle de harmanlanm\u0131\u015f veya \u00e7evrim i\u00e7i \u00f6\u011frenme ortamlar\u0131nda, ana maliyet kategorileri a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibidir:<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"western\">9.4.2.1 Geli\u015ftirme maliyeti<\/h3>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Geli\u015ftirme maliyeti, belli bir medya t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc veya teknolojiyi kullanarak \u00f6\u011frenme materyalleri \u00fcretmek i\u00e7in gereken maliyetlerdir. Geli\u015ftirme maliyetlerinin bir\u00e7ok alt-kategorisi bulunmaktad\u0131r:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em class=\"western\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><i>\u00fcretim maliyeti:<\/i><\/span><\/em><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"> bir videonun olu\u015fturulmas\u0131 veya \u00f6\u011frenme y\u00f6netim sisteminde bir ders a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n maliyeti. Web tasar\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 veya g\u00f6rsel-i\u015fitsel medya uzman\u0131 gibi personelin zaman maliyeti ile web tasar\u0131m\u0131nda ya da video prod\u00fcksiyonunda gereken t\u00fcm masraflar bu alt-kategoride de\u011ferlendirilir;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><em class=\"western\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><i>\u00f6\u011fretmen olarak sizin zaman\u0131n\u0131z<\/i><\/span><\/em><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">: materyal geli\u015ftirmek veya \u00fcretmek i\u00e7in harcad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z zaman ve efor. Vaktiniz nakittir; hatta belki de, e\u011fitim teknolojilerinin kullan\u0131m\u0131ndaki en b\u00fcy\u00fck maliyettir. Zaman\u0131n\u0131z para ve e\u011fitim teknolojilerini kullanman\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck tek maliyeti, ancak bundan da \u00f6nemlisi, \u00f6\u011frenme materyali geli\u015ftirdi\u011finiz i\u00e7in ara\u015ft\u0131rma yapmaya ya da \u00f6\u011frencilerinizle ilgilenmeye zaman\u0131n\u0131z kalm\u0131yorsa bu as\u0131l maliyettir ve parayla \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclemeyecek kadar de\u011ferlidir;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><em class=\"western\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><i>telif masraflar\u0131<\/i><\/span><\/em><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">: \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015filere ait foto\u011fraflar veya videolar kullan\u0131yorsan\u0131z ge\u00e7erlidir. Yine, bu, telif hakk\u0131n\u0131 paradan daha fazla bulma ve temizlemede zaman olarak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmelidir;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">muhtemelen bir <\/span><em class=\"western\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><i> \u00f6\u011fretim tasar\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 <\/i><\/span><\/em><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"> &#8216;nin zamana g\u00f6re maliyeti.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Geli\u015ftirme maliyetleri genellikle ya <em class=\"western\"><i>sabittir<\/i><\/em> ya da \u2018bir sefere mahsus\u2019tur. Medya bir kere geli\u015ftirildikten sonra ek bir maliyete gerek kalmadan \u00f6\u011frenci say\u0131s\u0131na g\u00f6re \u00f6l\u00e7eklendirilebilir. A\u00e7\u0131k e\u011fitim kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 kullanmak, geli\u015ftirme maliyetlerini b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde azaltacakt\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"western\">9.4.2.2 Yay\u0131n maliyeti<\/h3>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Yay\u0131n maliyeti, dersin verilmesi s\u00fcresinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen e\u011fitsel etkinliklerin maliyetini i\u00e7erir. \u00d6\u011frencilerle etkile\u015fim i\u00e7inde ge\u00e7irilen \u00f6\u011fretim s\u00fcresi, \u00f6devlerin okunmas\u0131 ve notland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in harcanan zaman ile ara\u015ft\u0131rma g\u00f6revlileri, \u00f6\u011fretim tasar\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131 ve teknik destek personeli gibi s\u00fcre\u00e7te yer alan di\u011fer personelin zaman maliyeti de bu kategoriye d\u00e2hildir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Medya temelli \u00f6\u011fretimde \u00f6\u011fretim s\u00fcresi ve teknik destek gibi be\u015feri fakt\u00f6rlerin maliyetinin de de\u011ferlendirilmesi gerekti\u011finden, \u00f6\u011frenci say\u0131s\u0131 artt\u0131k\u00e7a yay\u0131n maliyeti de artmaktad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca, ders her a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bu maliyet tekrar etmektedir. Di\u011fer bir deyi\u015fle, yay\u0131n maliyeti <em class=\"western\"><i>tekrarlayan<\/i><\/em> bir maliyettir. Bununla birlikte internet tabanl\u0131 yay\u0131n olanaklar\u0131 artt\u0131k\u00e7a ders yay\u0131nlar\u0131nda do\u011frudan <em class=\"western\"><i>teknoloji<\/i><\/em> maliyeti genellikle s\u0131f\u0131rd\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"western\">9.4.2.3 Bak\u0131m maliyeti<\/h3>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Bir ders i\u00e7in \u00fcretilen materyallerin bak\u0131m\u0131 da gerekir. Web ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131 eskiyebilir, okumalar\u0131n bask\u0131s\u0131 t\u00fckenebilir ve \u00e7ok daha \u00f6nemlisi konu alan\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen yeni geli\u015fmelerin materyallere yans\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekebilir. Haz\u0131rlan\u0131p yay\u0131na giren bir dersin, s\u00fcrekli bak\u0131m maliyeti olacakt\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">\u00d6\u011fretim tasar\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131 ve\/veya medya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131 bak\u0131m hizmetlerinin baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 yapabilirler; ancak elbette ki i\u00e7eri\u011fin g\u00fcncellenmesi veya de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesine ili\u015fkin kararlar\u0131n al\u0131nmas\u0131nda \u00f6\u011fretmenlerin veya e\u011fitmenlerin de s\u00fcrece d\u00e2hil edilmesi gerekmektedir. Tek bir dersin bak\u0131m\u0131 genellikle zaman kayb\u0131na yol a\u00e7acak bir s\u00fcre\u00e7 de\u011fildir. Yine de bir e\u011fitmenin birden fazla \u00e7evrim i\u00e7i dersin tasar\u0131m\u0131nda ve geli\u015ftirilmesinde g\u00f6rev almas\u0131, bak\u0131m hizmetinin miktar\u0131n\u0131 da b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde art\u0131racakt\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Bak\u0131m maliyetleri genellikle \u00f6\u011frenci say\u0131s\u0131ndan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zd\u0131r ama bir e\u011fitmenin sorumlu oldu\u011fu ders say\u0131s\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r ve her y\u0131l tekrarlanan bir maliyettir.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"western\">9.4.2.4 Genel giderler<\/h3>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Genel giderler, bir \u00f6\u011frenme y\u00f6netim sisteminin lisans masraflar\u0131, ders kay\u0131t teknolojileri veya sunucular gibi altyap\u0131 ya da di\u011fer genel maliyetleri i\u00e7erir. Bunlar ger\u00e7ek giderlerdir; ancak tek bir ders i\u00e7in hesaplanmay\u0131p derslerin t\u00fcm\u00fc i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erli olacak \u015fekilde ele al\u0131n\u0131rlar. Genel giderler, \u00e7o\u011funlukla idari veya kurumsal giderler olarak de\u011ferlendirilir. Kurum zaten bu t\u00fcr hizmetleri \u00f6\u011fretmenlere veya e\u011fitmenlere \u00fccretsiz olarak sa\u011fl\u0131yorsa, bir \u00f6\u011fretmenin veya e\u011fitmenin hangi medyay\u0131 ya da teknolojiyi se\u00e7ece\u011fine dair karar\u0131 etkilemez.<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Bununla birlikte yeni bir \u00e7evrim i\u00e7i program tam maliyet geri kazan\u0131m\u0131 temelinde sunulacaksa, di\u011fer kurumsal ek y\u00fcklerin de eklenmesi gerekecektir. Baz\u0131lar\u0131 kamp\u00fcs i\u00e7i kurslarla ayn\u0131 olacakt\u0131r (\u00f6rne\u011fin, Ba\u015fkanl\u0131k Ofisi&#8217;ne bir katk\u0131), ancak bina bak\u0131m\u0131 gibi kamp\u00fcs i\u00e7i \u00f6\u011frencilere uygulanan di\u011fer genel masraflar tamamen \u00e7evrim i\u00e7i bir programa ( \u00e7evrim i\u00e7i bir program\u0131n net maliyetinin genellikle kamp\u00fcs tabanl\u0131 bir programdan daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck olmas\u0131n\u0131n temel nedeni).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"western\">9.4.3 Maliyeti belirleyen fakt\u00f6rler<\/h2>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Maliyeti belirleyen ba\u015fl\u0131ca fakt\u00f6rler a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibidir:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">materyalin geli\u015ftirilmesi \/ \u00fcretimi;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">materyalin yay\u0131nlanmas\u0131;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">\u00f6\u011frenci say\u0131s\u0131 \/ \u00f6l\u00e7eklendirilebilirlik;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">\u00f6\u011fretmenin medya kullanarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma deneyimi;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">\u00f6\u011fretmenin materyali yaln\u0131z m\u0131 yoksa profesyonel bir ekiple birlikte mi geli\u015ftirdi\u011fi.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Bir video program\u0131 ya da Web sitesi gibi teknoloji tabanl\u0131 materyallerin \u00fcretimi sabit bir maliyettir; yani dersi ka\u00e7 \u00f6\u011frencinin ald\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zd\u0131r. Bununla birlikte \u00fcretim maliyetleri dersin tasar\u0131m\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak farkl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6sterebilir. Engle (2014), video prod\u00fcksiyonunda kullan\u0131lan y\u00f6nteme g\u00f6re bir KA\u00c7D i\u00e7in geli\u015ftirme maliyetlerinin alt\u0131 kata kadar de\u011fi\u015fiklik g\u00f6sterebilece\u011fi sonucuna varm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yani, en pahal\u0131 \u00fcretim y\u00f6ntemi olan st\u00fcdyo prod\u00fcksiyonunun maliyeti, bir \u00f6\u011fretmenin diz\u00fcst\u00fc bilgisayar\u0131n\u0131 kullanarak yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fcretimden alt\u0131 kat daha fazlad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Bununla birlikte materyal bir kere \u00fcretildikten sonra maliyeti \u00f6\u011frenci say\u0131s\u0131ndan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zd\u0131r. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla dersin geli\u015ftirilmesi ne kadar maliyetliyse, \u00f6\u011frenci ba\u015f\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fen ortalama maliyeti azaltmak i\u00e7in \u00f6\u011frenci say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rmak o kadar gerekli olacakt\u0131r. (Ya da di\u011fer bir deyi\u015fle, \u00f6\u011frenci say\u0131s\u0131 ne kadar y\u00fcksekse, kullan\u0131lan medya t\u00fcr\u00fc ne olursa olsun y\u00fcksek kaliteli prod\u00fcksiyon yapmak ak\u0131lc\u0131 olacakt\u0131r). KA\u00c7D&#8217;lerde (bir \u00f6\u011frenme y\u00f6netim sistemi kullanarak kredi i\u00e7in \u00e7evrim i\u00e7i bir kurs olarak geli\u015ftirilmesinin neredeyse iki kat\u0131 kadar pahal\u0131 olan) &#8211; Ottawa \u00dcniversitesi, 2013) \u00f6\u011frenci say\u0131s\u0131 o kadar fazla ki \u00f6\u011frenci ba\u015f\u0131na ortalama maliyet \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr. (Bu y\u00fczden derse kay\u0131tl\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenci say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n fazla olmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde (ki ne yaz\u0131k ki her zaman b\u00f6yle olmayabilir), dijital materyallerin geli\u015ftirilmesinde `ekonomik olmak\u2019 i\u00e7in her zaman bir se\u00e7enek vard\u0131r. Bu durum, bir medya t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn <em class=\"western\"><i>\u00f6l\u00e7eklenebilirlik<\/i><\/em> potansiyeli olarak tan\u0131mlanabilir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Benzer \u015fekilde, ders geli\u015ftirildikten sonra da dersin \u00f6\u011fretimine ili\u015fkin maliyetler bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bu maliyetler, genellikle, <em class=\"western\"><i>de\u011fi\u015fken<\/i><\/em> maliyetlerdir; yani s\u0131n\u0131f b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc artt\u0131k\u00e7a artarlar. \u00c7evrim i\u00e7i tart\u0131\u015fma forumlar\u0131 ve \u00f6dev puanland\u0131rma a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6\u011frenci-\u00f6\u011fretmen etkile\u015fimi y\u00f6netilebilir bir d\u00fczeyde tutulmak isteniyorsa, \u00f6\u011fretmen-\u00f6\u011frenci oran\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6reli olarak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck tutulmas\u0131 gerekir (\u00f6rne\u011fin konu alan\u0131na ve dersin d\u00fczeyine g\u00f6re 1:25 ila 1:40 aras\u0131nda). Derse kay\u0131tl\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenci say\u0131s\u0131 ne kadar \u00e7oksa, \u00f6\u011fretmen de dersi vermek i\u00e7in o kadar \u00e7ok zaman harcayacakt\u0131r ya da s\u00f6zle\u015fmeli ba\u015fka \u00f6\u011fretmenlerden destek almak ihtiyac\u0131 do\u011facakt\u0131r. Her iki durumda da artan \u00f6\u011frenci say\u0131s\u0131 maliyetlerin de artmas\u0131na neden olacakt\u0131r. Bu anlamda, KA\u00c7D\u2019ler bir istisnad\u0131r. KA\u00c7D\u2019lerin temel de\u011fer \u00f6nerisi do\u011frudan \u00f6\u011frenci deste\u011fi sa\u011flamamalar\u0131d\u0131r, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ders yay\u0131n\u0131na ili\u015fkin maliyetleri yoktur. Bununla birlikte kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n \u00e7ok az bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n KA\u00c7D\u2019leri ba\u015far\u0131yla tamamlayabilmesinin ard\u0131ndaki neden de belki do\u011frudan \u00f6\u011frenci deste\u011finin olmamas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">O zaman, ileride \u00f6\u011fretmen-\u00f6\u011frenci etkile\u015fimine talebi azaltacaksa, ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta interaktif \u00f6\u011frenme materyalleri i\u00e7in daha fazla para harcamak \u00f6\u011fretmen veya kurum a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan faydal\u0131 olabilir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, bir matematik dersinde otomatik \u00f6l\u00e7me, de\u011ferlendirme ve geri bildirim ya da benzetimler ve diyagramlar veya s\u0131k\u00e7a sorulan sorulara haz\u0131r cevaplar kullan\u0131labilir; b\u00f6ylece, \u00f6\u011fretmenin b\u00fct\u00fcn \u00f6devleri tek tek notland\u0131rmas\u0131na veya de\u011ferlendirme i\u00e7in \u00f6\u011fretmenle bireysel ileti\u015fime ge\u00e7ilmesine gerek kalmayacak ve zaman kayb\u0131 \u00f6nlenecektir. Bu durumda, kaliteden fazla \u00f6d\u00fcn vermeden, \u00f6\u011fretmen-\u00f6\u011frenci oranlar\u0131n\u0131n 1:200\u2019lere \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 bile m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olacakt\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Bunlar\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra belirli bir medya t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc veya y\u00f6ntemini kullanma deneyimi de \u00f6nemlidir. Bir \u00f6\u011fretmen ses kayd\u0131 gibi belirli bir medya t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc ilk kez kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda harcad\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman, sonraki ses kayd\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda harcayaca\u011f\u0131 zamandan daha uzun olacakt\u0131r. Baz\u0131 teknolojileri veya medya t\u00fcrlerini kullanmay\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenmekse, di\u011ferlerinden daha uzun zaman alabilir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla burada maliyeti belirleyen fakt\u00f6r, \u00f6\u011fretmenin tek ba\u015f\u0131na m\u0131 yoksa medya alan\u0131ndaki profesyonel ki\u015filerle birlikte mi \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Bir \u00f6\u011fretmenin ders materyallerini tek ba\u015f\u0131na geli\u015ftirmesi, profesyonel bir ekiple birlikte geli\u015ftirmesinden daha uzun zaman alacakt\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Dijital medya geli\u015ftiren \u00f6\u011fretmenlerin, profesyonel ekiplerle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda fayda vard\u0131r. Alan\u0131n uzman\u0131 profesyonel ekipler hem daha nitelikli \u00fcr\u00fcnler elde edilmesini sa\u011flayacak, hem de do\u011fru yaz\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n se\u00e7ilmesi, d\u00fczenleme ve dijital materyallerin depolanmas\u0131 ve yay\u0131nlanmas\u0131 gibi konularda \u00e7abuk ve do\u011fru karar vererek \u00f6\u011fretmenlerin zaman kayb\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nleyecektir. \u00d6\u011fretim tasar\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131 da farkl\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenme \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131lar\u0131 i\u00e7in farkl\u0131 medya t\u00fcrlerinin uygunlu\u011fu konusunda \u00f6nerilerde bulunarak \u00f6\u011fretmenlere yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilir. Bu nedenle, t\u00fcm e\u011fitim tasar\u0131mlar\u0131nda oldu\u011fu gibi birtak\u0131m yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n daha etkili olmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr ve alan uzman\u0131 profesyonel ki\u015filerle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak, \u00f6\u011fretmenlerin medya t\u00fcrlerini geli\u015ftirmeye harcad\u0131klar\u0131 zaman\u0131 kontrol alt\u0131na almalar\u0131na da yard\u0131mc\u0131 olacakt\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Son olarak \u015funu s\u00f6ylemek gerekir: Tasar\u0131ma ili\u015fkin kararlar, kritik kararlard\u0131r. Maliyetin arkas\u0131ndaki en \u00f6nemli fakt\u00f6rlerden biri, tasar\u0131ma ili\u015fkin al\u0131nan kararlard\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin, y\u00fcz y\u00fcze \u00f6\u011fretimde ders anlat\u0131m\u0131yla seminerlerin veya laboratuvar \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n maliyet fakt\u00f6rleri birbirinden farkl\u0131d\u0131r. Benzer \u015fekilde videoyu \u00f6\u011fretmenin ders anlat\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 kaydetmede kullanabilece\u011fimiz gibi bir s\u00fcrecin g\u00f6sterilmesi ya da bir mek\u00e2n\u0131n \u00e7ekimi gibi medya t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn avantajlar\u0131n\u0131 ve sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kolayl\u0131klar\u0131ndan yararlanmak i\u00e7in (bk. Tema 8) kullan\u0131labilirler. Bilgisayar ve internetin sahip oldu\u011fu tasar\u0131m \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fi ise olduk\u00e7a fazlad\u0131r: \u00e7evrim i\u00e7i i\u015f birli\u011fine dayal\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenme (\u00c7\u0130DO), bilgisayar temelli \u00f6\u011frenme, animasyonlar, benzetimler ve sanal d\u00fcnyalar gibi.<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">\u015eekil 9.4.3, esas olarak karar veren \u00f6\u011fretmen veya \u00f6\u011fretmenin bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131na odaklanarak maliyet fakt\u00f6rlerinin karma\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yakalama giri\u015fimleri. Bu \u015feklin, konu \u00fczerinde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmemizi sa\u011flayacak bir ara\u00e7 oldu\u011funu unutmamal\u0131y\u0131z. Duruma g\u00f6re sosyal medya veya materyallerin bak\u0131m giderleri gibi ba\u015fka fakt\u00f6rleri de bu listeye eklemek olas\u0131d\u0131r. \u015eekilde g\u00f6sterdi\u011fim fakt\u00f6rler ve her fakt\u00f6r i\u00e7in yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m de\u011ferlendirme, kendi ki\u015fisel deneyimlerime dayal\u0131d\u0131r. Yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m de\u011ferlendirmede, geleneksel \u00f6\u011fretimi orta veya \u2018ortalama\u2019 maliyet olarak al\u0131p di\u011ferlerini geleneksel \u00f6\u011fretime g\u00f6re daha y\u00fcksek ya da daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck maliyete sahip olmas\u0131na g\u00f6re s\u0131raland\u0131rd\u0131m. Di\u011fer okuyucular, bu fakt\u00f6rleri daha farkl\u0131 \u015fekilde yorumlay\u0131p de\u011ferlendirebilir.<\/span><\/p>\n<table class=\"grid landscape\" style=\"width: 50.0181%; height: 204px; width: 57.8482%; border-spacing: 0px;\" cellpadding=\"7\">\n<colgroup>\n<col width=\"27*\" \/>\n<col width=\"34*\" \/>\n<col width=\"32*\" \/>\n<col width=\"33*\" \/>\n<col width=\"30*\" \/>\n<col width=\"39*\" \/>\n<col width=\"30*\" \/>\n<col width=\"32*\" \/> <\/colgroup>\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 30px;\" valign=\"top\">\n<td style=\"background: #d9e2f3; width: 8.5981%; height: 45px; background-color: #d9e2f3; width: 24%; height: 7px;\" colspan=\"2\" rowspan=\"2\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"background: #d9e2f3; width: 50.4339%; height: 30px; background-color: #d9e2f3; width: 76%;\" colspan=\"6\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Maliyet Fakt\u00f6rleri (\u00d6\u011fretmenler \u0130\u00e7in)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\" valign=\"top\">\n<td style=\"width: 8.21291%; height: 15px; width: 13%;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 9.97071%; height: 15px; width: 13%;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">geli\u015ftirme maliyeti<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 7.39974%; height: 15px; width: 12%;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">yay\u0131n<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 4.63328%; height: 15px; width: 15%;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">\u00f6l\u00e7eklenebilirlik<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 9.22374%; height: 15px; width: 12%;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">tecr\u00fcbe<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 10.9935%; height: 15px; width: 12%;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">kendi materyalini geli\u015ftirme.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"background: #d9e2f3; width: 4.31085%; height: 159px; background-color: #d9e2f3; width: 11%; height: 8px;\" rowspan=\"10\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Medyalar<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"background: #d9e2f3; width: 4.28725%; height: 30px; background-color: #d9e2f3; width: 13%;\" rowspan=\"2\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Y\u00fcz y\u00fcze<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"background: #d9e2f3; width: 8.21291%; height: 15px; background-color: #d9e2f3; width: 13%;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">dersler<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"background: #d9e2f3; width: 9.97071%; height: 15px; background-color: #d9e2f3; width: 13%;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">medya<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"background: #d9e2f3; width: 7.39974%; height: 15px; background-color: #d9e2f3; width: 12%;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">medya<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"background: #d9e2f3; width: 4.63328%; height: 15px; background-color: #d9e2f3; width: 15%;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">k\u0131smen<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"background: #d9e2f3; width: 9.22374%; height: 15px; background-color: #d9e2f3; width: 12%;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"background: #d9e2f3; width: 10.9935%; height: 15px; background-color: #d9e2f3; width: 12%;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 8.21291%; height: 15px; width: 13%;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">seminerler<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 9.97071%; height: 15px; width: 13%;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 7.39974%; height: 15px; width: 12%;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">y\u00fcksek<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 4.63328%; height: 15px; width: 15%;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">hay\u0131r<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 9.22374%; height: 15px; width: 12%;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">medya<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 10.9935%; height: 15px; width: 12%;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"background: #d9e2f3; width: 4.28725%; height: 15px; background-color: #d9e2f3; width: 13%;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Bas\u0131l\u0131<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"background: #d9e2f3; width: 8.21291%; height: 15px; background-color: #d9e2f3; width: 13%;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">kitap<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"background: #d9e2f3; width: 9.97071%; height: 15px; background-color: #d9e2f3; width: 13%;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">y\u00fcksek<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"background: #d9e2f3; width: 7.39974%; height: 15px; background-color: #d9e2f3; width: 12%;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">y\u00fcksek<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"background: #d9e2f3; width: 4.63328%; height: 15px; background-color: #d9e2f3; width: 15%;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">evet<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"background: #d9e2f3; width: 9.22374%; height: 15px; background-color: #d9e2f3; width: 12%;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">y\u00fcksek<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"background: #d9e2f3; width: 10.9935%; height: 15px; background-color: #d9e2f3; width: 12%;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">y\u00fcksek<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 4.28725%; height: 15px; width: 13%;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Ses<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 8.21291%; height: 15px; width: 13%;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">ses dosyas\u0131<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 9.97071%; height: 15px; width: 13%;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 7.39974%; height: 15px; width: 12%;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 4.63328%; height: 15px; width: 15%;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">evet<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 9.22374%; height: 15px; width: 12%;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 10.9935%; height: 15px; width: 12%;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"background: #d9e2f3; width: 4.28725%; height: 30px; background-color: #d9e2f3; width: 13%;\" rowspan=\"2\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Video<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"background: #d9e2f3; width: 8.21291%; height: 15px; background-color: #d9e2f3; width: 13%;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">konu\u015fan kafalar<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"background: #d9e2f3; width: 9.97071%; height: 15px; background-color: #d9e2f3; width: 13%;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">medya<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"background: #d9e2f3; width: 7.39974%; height: 15px; background-color: #d9e2f3; width: 12%;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"background: #d9e2f3; width: 4.63328%; height: 15px; background-color: #d9e2f3; width: 15%;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">evet<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"background: #d9e2f3; width: 9.22374%; height: 15px; background-color: #d9e2f3; width: 12%;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"background: #d9e2f3; width: 10.9935%; height: 15px; background-color: #d9e2f3; width: 12%;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">medya<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 8.21291%; height: 15px; width: 13%;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">zorluklar<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 9.97071%; height: 15px; width: 13%;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">y\u00fcksek<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 7.39974%; height: 15px; width: 12%;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 4.63328%; height: 15px; width: 15%;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">evet<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 9.22374%; height: 15px; width: 12%;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">y\u00fcksek<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 10.9935%; height: 15px; width: 12%;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">y\u00fcksek<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"background: #d9e2f3; width: 4.28725%; height: 69px; background-color: #d9e2f3; width: 13%;\" rowspan=\"4\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Bilgisayar<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"background: #d9e2f3; width: 8.21291%; height: 15px; background-color: #d9e2f3; width: 13%;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">\u00c7\u0130D\u00d6<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"background: #d9e2f3; width: 9.97071%; height: 15px; background-color: #d9e2f3; width: 13%;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"background: #d9e2f3; width: 7.39974%; height: 15px; background-color: #d9e2f3; width: 12%;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">y\u00fcksek<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"background: #d9e2f3; width: 4.63328%; height: 15px; background-color: #d9e2f3; width: 15%;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">hay\u0131r<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"background: #d9e2f3; width: 9.22374%; height: 15px; background-color: #d9e2f3; width: 12%;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">medya<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"background: #d9e2f3; width: 10.9935%; height: 15px; background-color: #d9e2f3; width: 12%;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 24px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 8.21291%; height: 24px; width: 13%;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">BT\u00d6<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 9.97071%; height: 24px; width: 13%;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">y\u00fcksek<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 7.39974%; height: 24px; width: 12%;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 4.63328%; height: 24px; width: 15%;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">evet<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 9.22374%; height: 24px; width: 12%;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">medya<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 10.9935%; height: 24px; width: 12%;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">medya<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"background: #d9e2f3; width: 8.21291%; height: 15px; background-color: #d9e2f3; width: 13%;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">animasyon. veya benzetim&#8230;<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"background: #d9e2f3; width: 9.97071%; height: 15px; background-color: #d9e2f3; width: 13%;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">y\u00fcksek<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"background: #d9e2f3; width: 7.39974%; height: 15px; background-color: #d9e2f3; width: 12%;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"background: #d9e2f3; width: 4.63328%; height: 15px; background-color: #d9e2f3; width: 15%;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">evet<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"background: #d9e2f3; width: 9.22374%; height: 15px; background-color: #d9e2f3; width: 12%;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">y\u00fcksek<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"background: #d9e2f3; width: 10.9935%; height: 15px; background-color: #d9e2f3; width: 12%;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">y\u00fcksek<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 8.21291%; height: 15px; width: 13%;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">sanal d\u00fcnyalar<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 9.97071%; height: 15px; width: 13%;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">y\u00fcksek<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 7.39974%; height: 15px; width: 12%;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 4.63328%; height: 15px; width: 15%;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">7<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 9.22374%; height: 15px; width: 12%;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">y\u00fcksek<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 10.9935%; height: 15px; width: 12%;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">y\u00fcksek<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><i>\u015eekil 9.4.3 E\u011fitsel Medya Maliyetlerini Etkileyen Fakt\u00f6rler<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Farkl\u0131 teknolojiler kullanarak bir \u00f6\u011frenme ortam\u0131 geli\u015ftirmek ve kullanmak i\u00e7in harcanacak zaman bir \u00f6\u011fretmenin hangi teknolojiyi se\u00e7ece\u011fini etkilese de, burada basit bir denklemden fazlas\u0131ndan bahsediyoruz. \u00d6rne\u011fin video ve metin bazl\u0131 materyallerin kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 nitelikli bir \u00e7evrim i\u00e7i ders geli\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in \u00f6\u011fretmenin ihtiyac\u0131 olan haz\u0131rl\u0131k s\u00fcresi, ayn\u0131 dersin s\u0131n\u0131f ortam\u0131nda y\u00fcz y\u00fcze verilmesi i\u00e7in ihtiya\u00e7 duyulan s\u00fcreden \u00e7ok daha fazla olacakt\u0131r. Bununla birlikte uzun s\u00fcreli d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde \u00e7evrim i\u00e7i dersin verilmesi daha az zaman alacakt\u0131r \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00f6\u011frencilerin \u00e7evrim i\u00e7i g\u00f6revleri yerine getirmekle harcayacaklar\u0131 zaman \u00f6\u011fretmenle do\u011frudan etkile\u015fime ge\u00e7tikleri zamandan daha fazla olacakt\u0131r. Burada bir kez daha \u015funu g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz: Tasar\u0131m, maliyet de\u011ferlendirilmesinde \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir fakt\u00f6rd\u00fcr.<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">K\u0131sacas\u0131, \u00f6\u011fretmen a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan zaman \u00e7ok kritik bir maliyet fakt\u00f6r\u00fcd\u00fcr. \u00d6\u011fretmenler, kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 uzun s\u00fcre alan teknolojiler yerine kullan\u0131m\u0131 kolay teknolojileri se\u00e7mekte ve b\u00f6ylece zaman kazanmaktad\u0131r. Son olarak tekrar belirtmek gerekir ki tasar\u0131ma ili\u015fkin kararlar \u00f6\u011fretmenlerin herhangi bir teknoloji veya medya t\u00fcr\u00fc i\u00e7in ne kadar zaman harcayacaklar\u0131 \u00fczerinde \u00e7ok etkilidir; bununla birlikte \u00f6\u011frencilerin ve \u00f6\u011fretmenlerin kendi e\u011fitsel medyalar\u0131n\u0131 yaratma becerisi de giderek \u00f6nemli bir fakt\u00f6r h\u00e2line gelmektedir.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"western\">9.4.4 Dikkat edilmesi gereken noktalar<\/h2>\n<h3 class=\"western\">9.4.4.1 Dersi videolar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 KA\u00c7D: maliyet fakt\u00f6rleri<\/h3>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Son y\u0131llarda, \u00fcniversitelerde g\u00f6rev yapan \u00f6\u011fretim \u00fcyeleri \u00e7evrim i\u00e7i dersler i\u00e7in ders anlat\u0131m videolar\u0131n\u0131 yo\u011fun olarak kullanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131lar. \u00d6zellikle de \u00e7evrim i\u00e7i veya uzaktan \u00f6\u011frenmenin nispeten yeni oldu\u011fu \u00fcniversitelerde durum b\u00f6yle \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc ders anlat\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 kaydetmek \u00f6\u011frenme y\u00f6netim sistemlerinde ders tasarlay\u0131p \u00f6\u011frenme materyali haz\u0131rlamaktan daha kolay. Bir ba\u015fka neden de, ders anlat\u0131m videolar\u0131n\u0131n geleneksel s\u0131n\u0131f y\u00f6ntemine en fazla benzeyen t\u00fcr olmas\u0131. \u00d6\u011fretenlerin \u00e7ok daha az de\u011fi\u015fiklik gerektirir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Pedaojik olarak ( konu alanla ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak ) t\u00fcm \u00f6\u011fretim tasar\u0131m\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda oldu\u011fu gibi bir ekip yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n daha etkili olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Alan uzman\u0131 profesyonel ki\u015filerle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak, \u00f6\u011fretmenlerin medya t\u00fcrlerini geli\u015ftirmeye harcad\u0131klar\u0131 zaman\u0131 kontrol alt\u0131na almalar\u0131na da yard\u0131mc\u0131 olacakt\u0131r. Ve, tabii ki ders kayd\u0131 videolar\u0131 genellikle bir LMS ile birlikte kullan\u0131l\u0131r. <span style=\"color: #008000;\">Farkl\u0131 teknolojilerin e\u011filimi, e\u011fitmenlerin geli\u015fim ve \u00f6\u011fretim aras\u0131ndaki s\u00fcresini de\u011fi\u015ftirmektir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, bir \u00d6YS gibi medyan\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 \u200b\u200bgeli\u015ftirme maliyetleri daha y\u00fcksek olabilir, ancak y\u00fcz y\u00fcze \u00f6\u011fretime g\u00f6re y\u0131ll\u0131k teslimat ve bak\u0131m maliyetleri \u00e7ok daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"western\">9.4.4.2 \u00d6\u011frenci fakt\u00f6r\u00fc<\/h3>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Ayn\u0131 zamanda, \u00f6\u011frenciler de art\u0131k proje \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7oklu ortam materyallerini veya de\u011ferlendirme ama\u00e7l\u0131 e-portfolyolar\u0131n\u0131 haz\u0131rlamak i\u00e7in kendi cihazlar\u0131n\u0131 kullanabiliyorlar. Teknoloji ve medya sayesinde, \u00f6\u011fretmenler \u00f6\u011frenme-\u00f6\u011fretme i\u015finin zorlu k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011frencilere devredebilmektedirler. Teknoloji ve medya sayesinde, \u00f6\u011frenciler kendilerine verilen g\u00f6revleri daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck maliyetle ve \u00fczerinde daha fazla \u00e7al\u0131\u015farak yerine getirebiliyorlar.Mobil telefonlar veya tablet bilgisayarlar, \u00f6\u011frencilerin kendi dijital eserlerini olu\u015fturmalar\u0131na ve \u00f6\u011frendiklerini somut bir \u015fekilde g\u00f6stermelerine olanak sa\u011fl\u0131yor. Bunun anlam\u0131, \u00f6\u011frencilerin \u00e7evrim i\u00e7i \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken \u00f6\u011fretmenin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ihtiya\u00e7 duymamalar\u0131 de\u011fil elbette&#8230; Ancak \u00f6\u011fretmenin \u00f6\u011frenmeyi destekleme s\u00fcrecindeki yeri ve rol\u00fcn\u00fcn de\u011fi\u015fmekte oldu\u011funu g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"western\">9.4.5 Sonu\u00e7<\/h2>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Maliyet, medya se\u00e7imini etkileyen kritik bir fakt\u00f6rd\u00fcr. E\u011fitmenler i\u00e7in ana maliyet harcad\u0131klar\u0131 zaman olacakt\u0131r. Bununla birlikte malzemelerin \u00fcretimi ya da haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra bir dersin birka\u00e7 y\u0131ll\u0131k s\u00fcrecine de bakmak \u00f6nemlidir. Dikkatli bir \u015fekilde \u00fcretilen medya \u00fcretimde daha fazla zaman alabilir, ancak \u00f6zellikle \u00f6\u011frenci etkinlikleri ve otomatik geri bildirim tasar\u0131ma d\u00e2hil edilebiliyorsa, teslimatta b\u00fcy\u00fck zaman kazand\u0131rabilir. Bu nedenle baz\u0131 kurumlar\u0131n tasar\u0131m ve geli\u015ftirme i\u00e7in e\u011fitmen zaman\u0131n\u0131 bo\u015faltmak i\u00e7in yenilik\u00e7i \u00f6\u011fretim veya teknoloji tabanl\u0131 \u00f6\u011fretim ve \u00f6\u011frenim i\u00e7in \u00f6zel bir fonu vard\u0131r.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Medya da \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde geli\u015ftirme, teslimat, bak\u0131m ve i\u015fletme giderleri aras\u0131nda maliyet dengesi farkl\u0131d\u0131r. Y\u00fcz y\u00fcze e\u011fitimin asgari geli\u015ftirme maliyetleri vard\u0131r ancak \u00f6\u011fretim s\u00fcresi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan a\u011f\u0131r da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m maliyetleri vard\u0131r; LMS tabanl\u0131 bir \u00e7evrim i\u00e7i kurs, geli\u015ftirme ve teslimat maliyetleri aras\u0131nda daha e\u015fit bir dengeye sahiptir. Ciddi oyunlar genellikle y\u00fcksek geli\u015ftirme maliyetlerine ama \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m \u00fccretlerine sahipir.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Denge ne olursa olsun, maliyet medya se\u00e7iminde h\u00e2la kritik bir fakt\u00f6rd\u00fcr.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"western\">Kaynak\u00e7a<\/h2>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Bates, A. (2005) <em class=\"western\"><i>Technology, e-Learning and Distance Education<\/i><\/em> London\/New York: Routledge<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Bates, A. and Sangr\u00e0, A. (2011) <em class=\"western\"><i>Managing Technology in Higher Education<\/i><\/em> San Francisco: Jossey-Bass<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Engle, W. (2104) <em class=\"western\"><i>UBC MOOC Pilot: Design and Delivery<\/i><\/em> Vancouver BC: University of British Columbia<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">H\u00fclsmann, T. (2000) <em class=\"western\"><i>The Costs of Open Learning: A Handbook<\/i><\/em> Oldenburg: Bibliotheks- und Informationssytem der Universit\u00e4t Oldenburg<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">H\u00fclsmann, T. (2003) Costs without camouflage: a cost analysis of Oldenburg University\u2019s two graduate certificate programs offered as part of the online Master of Distance Education (MDE): a case study, in Bernath, U. and Rubin, E., (eds.) <em class=\"western\"><i>Reflections on Teaching in an Online Program: A Case Study<\/i><\/em> Oldenburg, Germany: Bibliothecks-und Informationssystem der Carl von Ossietsky Universit\u00e4t Oldenburg<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Rumble, G. (2001) The Cost and Costing of Networked Learning <em class=\"western\"><i>Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks<\/i><\/em>, Volume 5, Issue 2<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">University of Ottawa (2013)<em class=\"western\"><i>Report of the e-Learning Working Group<\/i><\/em> Ottawa ON: The University of Ottawa<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"western\">Etkinlik 9.4 Maliyet, hangi teknolojiyi kullanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 nas\u0131l etkiler?<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<ol>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Harcayaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z zamana ili\u015fkin kayg\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131z, hangi teknolojiyi veya medya t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc kullanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 etkiliyor mu? Etkiliyorsa, nas\u0131l? Maliyetlerle ilgili bu b\u00f6l\u00fcm fikrinizi de\u011fi\u015ftirdi mi?<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Derse haz\u0131rlamak ne kadar zaman\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 al\u0131yor? Bu zaman\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenme materyallerini haz\u0131rlamak i\u00e7in harcay\u0131p, kalan zaman\u0131 \u00f6\u011frencilerinizle (y\u00fcz y\u00fcze veya \u00e7evrim i\u00e7i) ileti\u015fim kurmak i\u00e7in kullanabilir misiniz?<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Medya tasar\u0131m\u0131 ve geli\u015ftirilmesi i\u00e7in kurumunuzda g\u00f6rev yapan \u00f6\u011fretim tasar\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131ndan veya di\u011fer profesyonel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlardan nas\u0131l bir destek al\u0131yorsunuz? Bu soruya verece\u011finiz cevap size medyaya ili\u015fkin kararlar\u0131n\u0131zla ilgili neler s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor? \u00d6rne\u011fin tasar\u0131m ve geli\u015ftirme deste\u011fi alamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z bir ilk veya orta\u00f6\u011fretim kurumunda \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorsan\u0131z, medya tasar\u0131m\u0131na ili\u015fkin nas\u0131l bir karar vermeniz gerekirdi?<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">\u015eekil 9.4.3\u2019deki tabloyu siz haz\u0131rl\u0131yor olsayd\u0131n\u0131z, tablonuz benimkinden ne kadar farkl\u0131 olurdu? Neden?<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">\u015eekil 9.4.3&#8217;e, \u015fu medya t\u00fcrlerini de ekleyin: e-portfolyo ve sosyal medya (bilgisayar ve internet ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131na). Bloglar\u0131, wikileri ve bKA\u00c7D\u2019leri de ekleyin. Tabloya eklemek istedi\u011finiz ba\u015fka medya t\u00fcrleri de var m\u0131? Orada da eklemek istedi\u011fin ba\u015fka bir medya var m\u0131?<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">A\u00e7\u0131klamaya kat\u0131l\u0131yor musunuz: <\/span><em class=\"western\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><i> Maliyet tek d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce olsayd\u0131, y\u00fcz y\u00fcze \u00f6\u011fretimin yerine tamamen \u00e7evrim i\u00e7i \u00f6\u011frenmenin yerini almak daha ucuz olurdu. <\/i><\/span><\/em><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">&nbsp;? Bu ger\u00e7ekten do\u011fruysa, \u00f6\u011fretimin etkileri nelerdir? Y\u00fcz y\u00fcze \u00f6\u011fretim yapmaya devam etmeyi hakl\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karan noktalar nelerdir?<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Bu sorular hakk\u0131nda geri bildirim i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki podcaste t\u0131klay\u0131n:<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Ses \u00f6gesi, kitab\u0131n bu s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcnden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131. Buradan \u00e7evrim i\u00e7i olarak dinleyebilirsiniz: https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/teachinginadigitalagev2\/?p=230<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"menu_order":4,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[48],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-230","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry","chapter-type-numberless"],"part":222,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/acikkitap.com.tr\/dijital\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/230","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/acikkitap.com.tr\/dijital\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/acikkitap.com.tr\/dijital\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/acikkitap.com.tr\/dijital\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/acikkitap.com.tr\/dijital\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/230\/revisions"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/acikkitap.com.tr\/dijital\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/222"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/acikkitap.com.tr\/dijital\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/230\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/acikkitap.com.tr\/dijital\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=230"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/acikkitap.com.tr\/dijital\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=230"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/acikkitap.com.tr\/dijital\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=230"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/acikkitap.com.tr\/dijital\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=230"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}