{"id":269,"date":"2020-09-03T15:37:04","date_gmt":"2020-09-03T12:37:04","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/acikkitap.com.tr\/dijital\/chapter\/__unknown__-115\/"},"modified":"2020-09-03T15:37:04","modified_gmt":"2020-09-03T12:37:04","slug":"__unknown__-115","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/acikkitap.com.tr\/dijital\/chapter\/__unknown__-115\/","title":{"raw":"11.2 A\u00e7\u0131k e\u011fitim kaynaklar\u0131 (AEK)","rendered":"11.2 A\u00e7\u0131k e\u011fitim kaynaklar\u0131 (AEK)"},"content":{"raw":"\n<p class=\"para2\"><img class=\"frame0 alignnone\" src=\"http:\/\/acikkitap.com.tr\/dijital\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/09\/image0142.png\" alt=\"OEBPS\/images\/image0142.png\" width=\"939\" height=\"831\"><\/p>\n<span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><i>\u015eekil 11.2.1 (C) Giulia Forsyth, 2012<\/i><\/span><\/span>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">A\u00e7\u0131k e\u011fitim kaynaklar\u0131, a\u00e7\u0131k \u00f6\u011frenmeden biraz daha farkl\u0131d\u0131r. A\u00e7\u0131k \u00f6\u011frenmede hem i\u00e7erik hem de e\u011fitim hizmetleri (\u00f6zel olarak tasarlanm\u0131\u015f \u00e7evrim i\u00e7i materyaller, b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015fik \u00f6\u011frenci deste\u011fi ve de\u011ferlendirme gibi) s\u00f6z konusuyken, a\u00e7\u0131k e\u011fitim kaynaklar\u0131 aslen i\u00e7eri\u011fin kendisidir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">A\u00e7\u0131k e\u011fitim kaynaklar\u0131, \u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00e7evrim i\u00e7i materyal bi\u00e7imlerini kapsar: \u00e7evrim i\u00e7i ders kitaplar\u0131, kayda al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f ders videolar\u0131, Youtube videolar\u0131, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma i\u00e7in tasarlanm\u0131\u015f web tabanl\u0131 metinler, animasyonlar, benzetimler, dijital diyagramlar ve grafikler, baz\u0131 KA\u00c7D\u2019ler veya cevaplar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 otomatik olarak g\u00f6rebilece\u011finiz testler gibi de\u011ferlendirme materyalleri... Powerpoint slaytlar\u0131 veya ders notlar\u0131n\u0131n pdf dosyalar\u0131 da AEK ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirilir. A\u00e7\u0131k e\u011fitim kayna\u011f\u0131 olabilmek i\u00e7in bu materyallerin en az\u0131ndan e\u011fitim ama\u00e7l\u0131 olarak \u00fccretsiz eri\u015fime a\u00e7\u0131k olmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/span><\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"western\">11.2.1 AEK \u0130lkeleri<\/h2>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">David Wiley AEK'nin \u00f6nc\u00fclerinden biridir. Wiley ve arkada\u015flar\u0131 (Hilton vd., 2010), a\u00e7\u0131k yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n be\u015f temel ilkesi (5Y) oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemi\u015flerdir:<\/span><\/p>\n\n<ul>\n \t<li><b><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">yeniden kullan\u0131m<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">: A\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n en temel d\u00fczeyidir. Ki\u015filer, eserin tamam\u0131n\u0131 veya bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 kendi ama\u00e7lar\u0131 i\u00e7in kullanabilirler (\u00f6rne\u011fin, daha sonra seyretmek i\u00e7in bir e\u011fitim videosunu indirebilirler);<\/span><\/li>\n \t<li><b><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">yeniden da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">: Ki\u015filer, eseri ba\u015fkalar\u0131yla payla\u015fabilirler (\u00f6rne\u011fin, dijital bir makaleyi e-postayla meslekta\u015flar\u0131na g\u00f6nderebilirler);<\/span><\/li>\n \t<li><b><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">yeniden d\u00fczenleme<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">: Ki\u015filer, eseri uyarlayabilir, de\u011fi\u015ftirebilir veya \u00e7evirebilir (\u00f6rne\u011fin, \u0130ngilizce yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir kitab\u0131 al\u0131p \u0130spanyolca bir sesli kitap h\u00e2line getirebilirler);<\/span><\/li>\n \t<li><b><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">yeniden kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">: Ki\u015filer, iki veya daha fazla kayna\u011f\u0131 alarak birle\u015ftirebilir ve yeni bir kaynak yarat\u0131rlar (\u00f6rne\u011fin, bir dersin ses kay\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131p ba\u015fka bir dersin slaytlar\u0131yla birle\u015ftirerek yeni bir kaynak t\u00fcretebilirler);<\/span><\/li>\n \t<li><b><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">yeniden tutma<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">: Dijital haklar\u0131n y\u00f6netimine dair bir k\u0131s\u0131tlama yoktur. Yazar\u0131 siz de olsan\u0131z veya yaln\u0131zca materyali kullanan bir \u00f6\u011fretmen ya da \u00f6\u011frenci de olsan\u0131z, i\u00e7eri\u011fi saklayabilirsiniz.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Okumakta oldu\u011funuz bu a\u00e7\u0131k ders kitab\u0131, yukar\u0131daki \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fctlerin be\u015fini de kar\u015f\u0131lamaktad\u0131r. Bu kitab\u0131n bir CC BY-NC lisans\u0131 vard\u0131r (bk. B\u00f6l\u00fcm 11.2.2). AEK' yi kullananlar yeniden kullan\u0131m lisans\u0131n\u0131 kontrol etmelidirler \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc bazen yeniden kullan\u0131ma ili\u015fkin s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar olabilir. <span style=\"color: #008000;\"> \u00d6rne\u011fin, eserin kayna\u011f\u0131 orijinal yazarla do\u011fru bir \u015fekilde ili\u015fkilendirilmelidir (BY) <\/span> , <span style=\"color: #008000;\"> ve ticari bir yay\u0131nc\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan k\u00e2rla (NC) sat\u0131lmak \u00fczere bas\u0131l\u0131 bir kitaba d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclemez, <\/span> en az\u0131ndan yazar\u0131n yaz\u0131l\u0131 izni olmadan. A\u00e7\u0131k e\u011fitim kayna\u011f\u0131 sahibi veya yazar\u0131 olarak haklar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 korumak, eserlerinizi Creative Commons veya di\u011fer a\u00e7\u0131k lisanslar yoluyla yay\u0131mlamak anlam\u0131na gelmektedir.<\/span><\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"western\">11.2.2 Creative Commons lisanslar\u0131<\/h2>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Bir `yazar\u2019\u0131n, lisans olu\u015fturmak suretiyle, insanlar\u0131n telifli materyaline hi\u00e7bir \u00fccret \u00f6demeden ve \u00f6zel izin almadan \u00f6zg\u00fcrce eri\u015febilmelerine ve kullanabilmelerine izin vermesi olarak \u00f6zetleyebilece\u011fimiz bu basit fikir, 21. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck fikirlerinden biridir. Bu, yazar\u0131n telif hakk\u0131n\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131rmaz, ancak lisans, i\u00e7eri\u011fin farkl\u0131 t\u00fcrlerde \u00fccretsiz olarak kullan\u0131lmas\u0131na herhangi bir evrak veya yaz\u0131l\u0131 izin olmadan otomatik olarak izin verir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"para2\"><img class=\"frame0\" src=\"http:\/\/acikkitap.com.tr\/dijital\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/09\/image0143.jpg\" alt=\"OEBPS\/images\/image0143.jpg\"><\/p>\n<span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><i>\u015eekil 11.2.2 Creative Commons lisans t\u00fcrleri(C)\n\u00a9 The Creative Commons, 2013<\/i><\/span><\/span>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Farkl\u0131 ama\u00e7larla kullan\u0131labilecek alt\u0131 farkl\u0131 Creative Commons lisans\u0131 vard\u0131r:<\/span><\/p>\n\n<ul>\n \t<li><b><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">CC BY At\u0131f<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">: Ki\u015filer eserin ilk sahibi olarak size at\u0131fta bulunmak kayd\u0131yla eserinizi alabilir, payla\u015fabilir, ba\u015fka eserlerle kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rabilir ve yeni bir eser \u00fcretebilir hatta ticari ama\u00e7la kullanabilir. Creative Commons lisanslar\u0131n\u0131n en serbest ve esnek olan\u0131d\u0131r. Lisansl\u0131 materyallerin azami \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 ve payla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar;<\/span><\/li>\n \t<li><b><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">CC BY-SA<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">: Ki\u015filer eserin ilk sahibi olarak size at\u0131fta bulunmak kayd\u0131yla eserinizi alabilir, ba\u015fka eserlerle kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rabilir, de\u011fi\u015ftirebilir ve yeni bir eser \u00fcretebilir hatta ticari ama\u00e7la kullanabilir. E\u011fer \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131z Creative Commons arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla lisanslanan di\u011fer ki\u015filerin malzemelerini de i\u00e7eriyorsa bu \u00f6zellikle \u00f6nemlidir;<\/span><\/li>\n \t<li><b><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">CC BY-ND<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">: Ki\u015filer eserin ilk sahibi olarak size at\u0131fta bulunmak ve eserde hi\u00e7bir de\u011fi\u015fiklik yapmadan b\u00fct\u00fcn olarak kullanmak kayd\u0131yla eserinizi alabilir ve ticari veya ticari olmayan ama\u00e7larla payla\u015fabilir;<\/span><\/li>\n \t<li><b><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">CC BY-NC<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">: Ki\u015filer eserinizi alabilir, ba\u015fka eserlerle kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rabilir, de\u011fi\u015ftirebilir ve ticari ama\u00e7 g\u00fctmeden yeni bir eser \u00fcretebilir. Ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan yeni eserde de size at\u0131fta bulunulmas\u0131 gerekir, ancak eserin ayn\u0131 ko\u015fullarla lisanslanmas\u0131 gerekmez;<\/span><\/li>\n \t<li><b><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">CC BY-NC-SA<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">: Ki\u015filer eserin ilk sahibi olarak size at\u0131fta bulunmak ve ortaya \u00e7\u0131kacak yeni \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc ayn\u0131 ko\u015fullarla lisanslamak kayd\u0131yla eserinizi alabilir, ba\u015fka eserlerle kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rabilir, de\u011fi\u015ftirebilir ve ticari ama\u00e7 g\u00fctmeden yeni bir eser \u00fcretebilir;<\/span><\/li>\n \t<li><b><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">CC BY-NC-ND<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">: Alt\u0131 lisans t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn en s\u0131n\u0131rlay\u0131c\u0131 olan\u0131d\u0131r. Ki\u015filer eserin ilk sahibi olarak size at\u0131fta bulunmak suretiyle eserinizi alabilir ve payla\u015fabilir; ancak hi\u00e7bir \u015fekilde eseriniz \u00fczerinde de\u011fi\u015fiklik yapamaz veya ticari ama\u00e7la kullanamaz.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Kendi materyallerinizi a\u00e7\u0131k e\u011fitim kayna\u011f\u0131 olarak payla\u015fmak istiyorsan\u0131z, tercih etti\u011finiz lisans\u0131 se\u00e7menin ve eserinizi lisanslaman\u0131n olduk\u00e7a basit bir s\u00fcre\u00e7 oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylememiz gerekir (bk.Creative Commons - Bir Lisans Se\u00e7in ). \u015e\u00fcpheniz varsa bir k\u00fct\u00fcphaneci ile kontrol edin.<\/span><\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"western\">11.2.3 AEK Kaynaklar\u0131<\/h2>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">AEK'ye toplu olarak eri\u015fmemizi sa\u011flayan bir\u00e7ok \u2018ambar\u2019 bulunmaktad\u0131r (\u00f6rne\u011fin y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretim i\u00e7in MERLOT ve OER Commons veya ilk ve orta\u00f6\u011fretim i\u00e7in Edutopia gibi). Profesyoneller A\u00e7\u0131k E\u011fitim A\u011f\u0131\u2019nda, a\u00e7\u0131k e\u011fitim kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n bulunmas\u0131 ve kullan\u0131lmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik olarak m\u00fckemmel bir rehber bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Bununla birlikte internet \u00fczerinde olas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k e\u011fitim kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 ararken, bir kayna\u011f\u0131n Creative Commons lisans\u0131 olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na veya yeniden kullan\u0131m i\u00e7in yaz\u0131l\u0131 bir ifade bulunup bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na dikkat etmeniz gerekir. \u00dccretsiz kaynaklar\u0131 telif haklar\u0131n\u0131 dert etmeden \u00f6zg\u00fcrce kullanmak yayg\u0131n bir uygulama olsa da kayna\u011f\u0131n yeniden kullan\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in net bir lisans veya ifade yoksa bir risk s\u00f6z konusu olabilir. \u00d6rne\u011fin OpenLearn gibi bir\u00e7ok web sitesi, sitedeki kaynaklar\u0131 yaln\u0131zca ticari ama\u00e7 olmaks\u0131z\u0131n ki\u015fisel olarak kullan\u0131lmas\u0131na izin vermektedir. Bunun anlam\u0131, materyalleri do\u011frudan al\u0131p kendi \u00f6\u011fretim materyallerinize eklemek yerine s\u00f6z konusu siteye ba\u011flant\u0131 vererek \u00f6\u011frencilerin o siteye giderek materyalleri kullanmalar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamakt\u0131r. Yeniden kullan\u0131m haklar\u0131yla ilgili \u015f\u00fcpheleriniz varsa k\u00fct\u00fcphaneyle veya fikri m\u00fclkiyet haklar\u0131 b\u00fcrosuyla g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015febilirsiniz.<\/span><\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"western\">11.2.4 AEK'nin s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131<\/h2>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">A\u00d6K'n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131k ders kitaplar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda (bir sonraki b\u00f6l\u00fcme bak\u0131n) e\u011fitmenler taraf\u0131ndan al\u0131nmas\u0131 orijinal s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc olu\u015fturanlar d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda h\u00e2la minimaldir. <span style=\"color: #008000;\"> \u00d6rne\u011fin, 2017'de Kanada'da, kurumlar\u0131n yar\u0131s\u0131ndan az\u0131 A\u00d6K kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 bildirdi <\/span> (Donovan vd., 2018 ).<\/span><\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"western\">11.2.4.1 Kalite sorunlar\u0131<\/h3>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">De\u011fi\u015ftirilemeyen veya d\u00fczenlenemeyen PDF dosyalar\u0131 h\u00e2linde etkile\u015fimsiz bir s\u00fcr\u00fc yaz\u0131, ilkel benzetimler, kalitesiz grafikler ve tasar\u0131mlar, betimlemek istedikleri akademik kavramlar\u0131 yans\u0131tmaktan \u00e7ok uzakt\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Avrupa\u2019daki potansiyel kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n AEK'lere y\u00f6nelik tutumunu inceleyen Falconer (2013), a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki sonu\u00e7lara varm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r:<\/span><\/p>\n<span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><i><em class=\"western\">Kitlelerin AEK'lerin olu\u015fturulmas\u0131na kat\u0131lma yetene\u011fi (k\u00fclt\u00fcrel olarak kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k beklemeden bir\u015fey vermeye olan g\u00fcvensizli\u011fimiz), kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n nitelikle ilgili kayg\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fckselmesine neden olmu\u015ftur. Reklam, piyasa tan\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 ve cilal\u0131 \u00fcretimler yoluyla g\u00fcven temin etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ticari \u00fcreticiler ve yay\u0131nc\u0131lar, \u00fccretsiz materyallere olan bu g\u00fcvensizli\u011fi istismar edebilir. Niteli\u011fe olan inan\u00e7,AEK giri\u015fiminin en b\u00fcy\u00fck itkilerinden biridir; ancak prensipte herkesin katk\u0131da bulunabilece\u011fi bir ortamda kalite g\u00fcvencesini sa\u011flaman\u0131n \u00f6l\u00e7eklenebilirli\u011fi konusu h\u00e2len daha \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcme kavu\u015fturulmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kalitenin bir ortamdan di\u011ferine a\u00e7\u0131k bir bi\u00e7imde transfer edilip edilemeyece\u011fi sorusu da \u00e7ok fazla cevap bulamamaktad\u0131r. Onay m\u00fchr\u00fc sistemi sonsuz \u00f6l\u00e7eklenebilir olmasa da kullan\u0131c\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerinin do\u011frulu\u011fu ve di\u011fer ilgili \u00f6nlemler yeterli d\u00fczeyde ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/em><\/i><\/span><\/span>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">AEK, AEK'y\u0131 olu\u015fturan ki\u015filer d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ba\u015fkalar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan ele al\u0131nacaksa iyi bir \u015fekilde tasarlanmas\u0131 gerekir. A\u00e7\u0131k \u00dcniversite, \u00f6zellikle \u00e7evrim i\u00e7i, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma i\u00e7in tasarlanan kurslar\u0131ndan a\u00e7\u0131k e\u011fitim kayna\u011f\u0131 olarak kendi metinsel materyallerini sunan a\u00e7\u0131k e\u011fitim kayna\u011f\u0131 portal\u0131 OpenLearn'i olu\u015fturana kadar iTunes \u00dcniversitesinde en \u00e7ok kullan\u0131lan a\u00e7\u0131k e\u011fitim kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131n A\u00e7\u0131k \u00dcniversitede olmas\u0131 \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 de\u011fildir. Bir kez daha belirtmem gerekir ki bir AEK'nin nitelikli olmas\u0131nda tasar\u0131m \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir fakt\u00f6rd\u00fcr.<\/span><\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"western\">11.2.4.2 E\u011fitmenlerin mesleki imajlar\u0131<\/h3>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Hampson\u2019a (2013) g\u00f6re bir\u00e7ok \u00f6\u011fretim eleman\u0131n\u0131n profesyonel \u00f6z imgesi de a\u00e7\u0131k e\u011fitim kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n kabul\u00fcn\u00fcn a\u011f\u0131r olmas\u0131nda bir etkendir. Hampson, \u00f6\u011fretim elemanlar\u0131n\u0131n kendilerini \u2018sadece\u2019 birer \u00f6\u011fretmen olarak de\u011fil yeni veya \u00f6zg\u00fcn bilginin yarat\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 ve da\u011f\u0131t\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 olarak g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc iddia etmektedir. Bu nedenle, \u00f6\u011fretim faaliyetlerinin kendi damgas\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131 gerekti\u011fine inan\u0131r ve bu nedenle de, di\u011fer ki\u015filerin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a kullanmak ve \u2018kopyalamak\u2019 konusunda isteksiz davran\u0131rlar.<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">\u00d6zg\u00fcn \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma olmaktan ziyade \u2018paket\u2019 bilgi olarak nitelendirilebilen AEK'lerin, \u00f6\u011fretim elemanlar\u0131n\u0131 \u2018sanatk\u00e2r\u2019 olmaktan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131p \u2018zanaatk\u00e2r\u2019 h\u00e2line getirdi\u011fi de iddia edilir. Bu sebebin olduk\u00e7a sa\u00e7ma oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenebilir, nitekim hepimiz devlerin omuzlar\u0131 \u00fczerinde duruyoruz; ancak \u00f6nemli olan \u00f6z alg\u0131d\u0131r ve ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 \u00f6\u011fretim elemanlar\u0131 i\u00e7in bu arg\u00fcmanda az da olsa ger\u00e7eklik pay\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bu \u00f6\u011fretim elemanlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6\u011fretim s\u00fcre\u00e7lerini ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 \u00fczerine yo\u011funla\u015fmas\u0131 son derece makuld\u00fcr. Yine de \u015funun \u015furas\u0131nda ka\u00e7 tane Richard Feynman var ki?<\/span><\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"western\">11.2.4.3 \u00dccretsiz mi a\u00e7\u0131k m\u0131?<\/h3>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Ayr\u0131ca bir\u00e7ok AEK'da a\u00e7\u0131k lisans bilgisi olmamas\u0131 nedeniyle \u2018\u00fccretsiz\u2019 (s\u0131f\u0131r finansal maliyet) ve \u2018a\u00e7\u0131k\u2019 aras\u0131nda ciddi bir kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k vard\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin, <span style=\"color: #008000;\"> Baz\u0131 <\/span> Coursera KA\u00c7D'leri \u00fccretsizdir, ancak 'a\u00e7\u0131k' de\u011fildir: Coursera KA\u00c7D'lerinin \u00e7o\u011funda materyali izinsiz olarak kendi \u00f6\u011fretiminizde kullanmak bir telif hakk\u0131 ihlalidir. edX\u2019in KA\u00c7D platformu ise a\u00e7\u0131k kaynakt\u0131r; yani di\u011fer kurumlar portalin yaz\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131p uyarlay\u0131p kullanabilirler, ancak edX\u2019in kendi kurumlar\u0131 bile telif haklar\u0131n\u0131 muhafaza ederler. Bununla birlikte her iki paltformun da istisnalar\u0131 vard\u0131r: birka\u00e7 KA\u00c7D\u2019nin a\u00e7\u0131k lisans\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"western\">11.2.4.4 AEK'lar\u0131 belirlemek<\/h3>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Di\u011fer yandan, AEK'lar\u0131n ba\u011flam-duyars\u0131z (veya kavramdan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z) olma konusu vard\u0131r. \u00d6\u011frenmeyle ilgili ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar, i\u00e7eri\u011fin en iyi ba\u011flam i\u00e7inde \u00f6\u011frenildi\u011fini (durumlu \u00f6\u011frenme) ve \u00f6\u011frenmenin, \u00f6\u011frencinin aktif oldu\u011fu ve bilgiyi anlam geli\u015ftirerek ve anlamay\u0131 basamakland\u0131rarak yap\u0131land\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 h\u00e2llerde en iyi d\u00fczeyde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir. \u0130\u00e7erik, dura\u011fan de\u011fildir. \u0130\u00e7erik, k\u00f6m\u00fcr gibi bir meta ya da madde de de\u011fildir. Di\u011fer bir deyi\u015fle, i\u00e7erik, bir kamyonun arkas\u0131na k\u00fcrekle k\u00f6m\u00fcr atarm\u0131\u015f gibi aktar\u0131lmaz. \u00d6\u011frenme, sorgulama gerektiren, \u00f6n \u00f6\u011frenmelerin yeni fikirlerin geli\u015ftirilmesinde kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, anlaman\u0131n \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve geri bildirim verildi\u011fi dinamik bir s\u00fcre\u00e7tir. Bu etkile\u015fimsel (\u2018transaksiyonal\u2019) s\u00fcre\u00e7ler, ki\u015fisel yans\u0131malar\u0131n, bir uzmandan (\u00f6\u011fretmen veya \u00f6\u011fretim eleman\u0131) al\u0131nacak geri bildirimlerin ve daha da \u00f6nemlisi arkada\u015flarla, aileyle ve s\u0131n\u0131f arkada\u015flar\u0131yla etkile\u015fimin ve onlardan al\u0131nacak geri bildirimlerin bir bile\u015fiminin olmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">A\u00e7\u0131k i\u00e7eri\u011fin en zay\u0131f y\u00f6nlerinden biri de, do\u011fas\u0131 gere\u011fi, etkili \u00f6\u011frenme i\u00e7in hayati \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131yan geli\u015fimsel, ba\u011flamsal ve \u2018\u00e7evresel\u2019 bile\u015fenlerden s\u0131yr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bir ba\u015fka ifadeyle, AEK ayn\u0131 yukar\u0131da bahsetti\u011fimiz k\u00f6m\u00fcr gibidir. Birinin gelip kendisini y\u00fcklemesini bekler. K\u00f6m\u00fcr elbette ki \u00e7ok de\u011ferli bir maddedir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">AEK'y\u0131 ham 'i\u00e7erikten' faydal\u0131 bir \u00f6\u011frenme deneyimine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcren ba\u011flamsal unsurlara daha fazla dikkat edilmelidir. Bu, e\u011fitmenlerin AEK'nin uyaca\u011f\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenme deneyimleri veya ortamlar\u0131 olu\u015fturmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelir. (Bu konuyla ilgili daha fazla tart\u0131\u015fma i\u00e7in bkz. B\u00f6l\u00fcm 11.4 )<\/span><\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"western\">11.2.4.5 Ara\u015ft\u0131rmay\u0131 inceleyin<\/h3>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Daha detayl\u0131 bilgi i\u00e7in Open Education Group `un a\u00e7\u0131k e\u011fitim kaynaklar\u0131 ile ilgili ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 inceledi\u011fi bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma olan Review Project`i okumak isteyebilirsiniz. Di\u011fer bir \u00f6nemli ara\u015ft\u0131rma projesi de G\u00fcney Amerika, Sahra Alt\u0131 Afrika ve G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asya\u2019daki bir\u00e7ok \u00fclkede a\u00e7\u0131k e\u011fitim kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n kabul\u00fc ve kullan\u0131m\u0131na ili\u015fkin kan\u0131ta dayal\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rma \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 olan ROER4D`dir.<\/span><\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"western\">11.2.5 AEKl'ar\u0131 nas\u0131l kullanmal\u0131y\u0131z<\/h2>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Bu s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131l\u0131klara ra\u011fmen, \u00f6\u011fretmenler ve \u00f6\u011fretim elemanlar\u0131 Creative Commons lisans\u0131 alt\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131k e\u011fitim kaynaklar\u0131 olu\u015fturmaya veya kaynaklar\u0131 di\u011fer ki\u015filerin eri\u015fimine a\u00e7\u0131k h\u00e2le getirmeye devam etmektedir. \u00d6\u011fretim elemanlar\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131k e\u011fitim kaynaklar\u0131na eri\u015febilecekleri ambarlar\u0131n veya portallar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 giderek artmaktad\u0131r. AEK'nin miktar\u0131 artt\u0131k\u00e7a \u00f6\u011fretmen ve \u00f6\u011fretim elemanlar\u0131n\u0131n da kendilerine \u00f6zg\u00fc \u00f6\u011fretim bi\u00e7imlerine ve durumlar\u0131na uygun kaynaklar bulmalar\u0131 kolayla\u015facakt\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Bu \u00e7er\u00e7eveden bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczde birka\u00e7 se\u00e7enek vard\u0131r:<\/span><\/p>\n\n<ul>\n \t<li><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">var olan a\u00e7\u0131k e\u011fitim kaynaklar\u0131 aras\u0131ndan uygun olan\u0131n\u0131 se\u00e7ip kendi derslerimizde kullanabiliriz;<\/span><\/li>\n \t<li><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">kendi dersimiz i\u00e7in kendi dijital kaynaklar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 geli\u015ftirip, ba\u015fkalar\u0131yla payla\u015fabiliriz (Florida Eyalet \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nin AEK Olu\u015fturma ve Lisanslama videosuna bakabilirsiniz);<\/span><\/li>\n \t<li><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">AEK etraf\u0131nda \u00f6\u011frencilerin problemleri \u00e7\u00f6zmek, rapor yazmak veya bir konuda ara\u015ft\u0131rma yapmak i\u00e7in i\u00e7erik bulmalar\u0131 gereken bir kurs olu\u015fturun (bk. Senaryo H bu b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn ba\u015f\u0131nda ve B\u00f6l\u00fcm 11 4.2 );<\/span><\/li>\n \t<li><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">OERu`dan tam bir dersi al\u0131p bu ders temelinde \u00f6\u011frenci etkinlikleri ve bir de\u011ferlendirme sistemi olu\u015fturarak ders i\u00e7in \u00f6\u011frenci deste\u011fi sa\u011flayabilirsiniz.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">\u00d6\u011frenciler, her t\u00fcr \u00f6\u011frenme i\u00e7in a\u00e7\u0131k e\u011fitim kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 kullanabilirler. \u00d6rne\u011fin, MIT\u2019nin A\u00e7\u0131k Ders Malzemeleri sitesi yaln\u0131zca ki\u015fisel ilgi alanlar\u0131n\u0131zda bir\u015feyler \u00f6\u011frenmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131labilece\u011fi gibi bir derste verilen konulardan biriyle ilgili problem ya\u015fayan bir \u00f6\u011frenci de MIT\u2019nin sitesine giderek farkl\u0131 \u00f6\u011fretim elemanlar\u0131n\u0131n ayn\u0131 konuya nas\u0131l yakla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcp farkl\u0131 bir alternatifle konuyu peki\u015ftirebilir.<\/span><\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"western\">11.2.6 G\u00f6sterilen \u00e7abaya de\u011fer mi<\/h2>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">AEK'nin bug\u00fcnk\u00fc s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131na veya zay\u0131f yanlar\u0131na ra\u011fmen b\u00fcy\u00fck olas\u0131l\u0131kla kullan\u0131mlar\u0131 giderek artacakt\u0131r. Bunun sebebi ise \u00e7ok basittir: nitelikli materyallere \u00fccretsiz olarak ve kolayl\u0131kla eri\u015fmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnken, her\u015feyi s\u0131f\u0131rdan ba\u015ftan yaratman\u0131n hi\u00e7bir mant\u0131\u011f\u0131 yoktur. Tema 9\u2019da da g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz gibi \u00f6\u011fretmenlerin ve \u00f6\u011fretim elemanlar\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131na a\u00e7\u0131k m\u00fckemmel a\u00e7\u0131k materyaller vard\u0131r. Bu materyallerin say\u0131s\u0131 zaman i\u00e7inde artacakt\u0131r. B\u00f6l\u00fcm 11.5\u2019de tart\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z gibi bu art\u0131\u015f derslerin tasar\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 ve verili\u015f bi\u00e7imini de de\u011fi\u015ftirecektir. Asl\u0131na bak\u0131l\u0131rsa, a\u00e7\u0131k e\u011fitim kaynaklar\u0131 dijital \u00e7a\u011fda \u00f6\u011fretimin ba\u015fl\u0131ca \u00f6zelliklerinden biri olmaya adayd\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"western\">Kaynak\u00e7a<\/h2>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Donovan, T. et al. (2018) <em class=\"western\"><i>Tracking Online and Distance Education in Canadian Universities and Colleges: 2018<\/i><\/em> Halifax NS: Canadian Digital Learning Research Association<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Falconer, I. et al. (2013) Overview and Analysis of Practices with Open Educational Resources in Adult Education in Europe Seville, Spain: European Commission Institute for Prospective Technological Studies<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Hampson, K. (2013) The next chapter for digital instructional media: content as a competitive difference Vancouver BC: COHERE 2013 conference<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Hilton, J., et al. (2010). The four R\u2019s of openness and ALMS Analysis: Frameworks for open educational resources <em class=\"western\"><i>Open Learning: The Journal of Open and Distance Learning, 25<\/i><\/em>(1), 37\u201344<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"western\">Etkinlik 11.2 AEK'nin kullan\u0131m\u0131<\/p>\n\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">1. Kendi derslerinizde hi\u00e7 AEK kulland\u0131n\u0131z m\u0131? Sizin i\u00e7in olumlu mu yoksa olumsuz bir deneyim miydi?<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">2. Hi\u00e7 AEK kullanmad\u0131ysan\u0131z, kullanmaman\u0131z\u0131n temel sebebi nedir? Ula\u015fabildi\u011finiz kaynaklar\u0131n neler oldu\u011funu ara\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131n\u0131z m\u0131? Buldu\u011funuz kaynaklar\u0131n kalitesi nas\u0131l? B\u00f6yle kaynaklar nas\u0131l geli\u015ftirilebilir?<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">3. Hangi ko\u015fullar alt\u0131nda kendi materyallerinizi a\u00e7\u0131k e\u011fitim kaynaklar\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmeyi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrs\u00fcn\u00fcz?<\/span><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n&nbsp;\n","rendered":"<p class=\"para2\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"frame0 alignnone\" src=\"http:\/\/acikkitap.com.tr\/dijital\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/09\/image0142.png\" alt=\"OEBPS\/images\/image0142.png\" width=\"939\" height=\"831\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><i>\u015eekil 11.2.1 (C) Giulia Forsyth, 2012<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">A\u00e7\u0131k e\u011fitim kaynaklar\u0131, a\u00e7\u0131k \u00f6\u011frenmeden biraz daha farkl\u0131d\u0131r. A\u00e7\u0131k \u00f6\u011frenmede hem i\u00e7erik hem de e\u011fitim hizmetleri (\u00f6zel olarak tasarlanm\u0131\u015f \u00e7evrim i\u00e7i materyaller, b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015fik \u00f6\u011frenci deste\u011fi ve de\u011ferlendirme gibi) s\u00f6z konusuyken, a\u00e7\u0131k e\u011fitim kaynaklar\u0131 aslen i\u00e7eri\u011fin kendisidir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">A\u00e7\u0131k e\u011fitim kaynaklar\u0131, \u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00e7evrim i\u00e7i materyal bi\u00e7imlerini kapsar: \u00e7evrim i\u00e7i ders kitaplar\u0131, kayda al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f ders videolar\u0131, Youtube videolar\u0131, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma i\u00e7in tasarlanm\u0131\u015f web tabanl\u0131 metinler, animasyonlar, benzetimler, dijital diyagramlar ve grafikler, baz\u0131 KA\u00c7D\u2019ler veya cevaplar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 otomatik olarak g\u00f6rebilece\u011finiz testler gibi de\u011ferlendirme materyalleri&#8230; Powerpoint slaytlar\u0131 veya ders notlar\u0131n\u0131n pdf dosyalar\u0131 da AEK ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirilir. A\u00e7\u0131k e\u011fitim kayna\u011f\u0131 olabilmek i\u00e7in bu materyallerin en az\u0131ndan e\u011fitim ama\u00e7l\u0131 olarak \u00fccretsiz eri\u015fime a\u00e7\u0131k olmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"western\">11.2.1 AEK \u0130lkeleri<\/h2>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">David Wiley AEK&#8217;nin \u00f6nc\u00fclerinden biridir. Wiley ve arkada\u015flar\u0131 (Hilton vd., 2010), a\u00e7\u0131k yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n be\u015f temel ilkesi (5Y) oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylemi\u015flerdir:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">yeniden kullan\u0131m<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">: A\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n en temel d\u00fczeyidir. Ki\u015filer, eserin tamam\u0131n\u0131 veya bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 kendi ama\u00e7lar\u0131 i\u00e7in kullanabilirler (\u00f6rne\u011fin, daha sonra seyretmek i\u00e7in bir e\u011fitim videosunu indirebilirler);<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">yeniden da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">: Ki\u015filer, eseri ba\u015fkalar\u0131yla payla\u015fabilirler (\u00f6rne\u011fin, dijital bir makaleyi e-postayla meslekta\u015flar\u0131na g\u00f6nderebilirler);<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">yeniden d\u00fczenleme<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">: Ki\u015filer, eseri uyarlayabilir, de\u011fi\u015ftirebilir veya \u00e7evirebilir (\u00f6rne\u011fin, \u0130ngilizce yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir kitab\u0131 al\u0131p \u0130spanyolca bir sesli kitap h\u00e2line getirebilirler);<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">yeniden kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">: Ki\u015filer, iki veya daha fazla kayna\u011f\u0131 alarak birle\u015ftirebilir ve yeni bir kaynak yarat\u0131rlar (\u00f6rne\u011fin, bir dersin ses kay\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131p ba\u015fka bir dersin slaytlar\u0131yla birle\u015ftirerek yeni bir kaynak t\u00fcretebilirler);<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">yeniden tutma<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">: Dijital haklar\u0131n y\u00f6netimine dair bir k\u0131s\u0131tlama yoktur. Yazar\u0131 siz de olsan\u0131z veya yaln\u0131zca materyali kullanan bir \u00f6\u011fretmen ya da \u00f6\u011frenci de olsan\u0131z, i\u00e7eri\u011fi saklayabilirsiniz.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Okumakta oldu\u011funuz bu a\u00e7\u0131k ders kitab\u0131, yukar\u0131daki \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fctlerin be\u015fini de kar\u015f\u0131lamaktad\u0131r. Bu kitab\u0131n bir CC BY-NC lisans\u0131 vard\u0131r (bk. B\u00f6l\u00fcm 11.2.2). AEK&#8217; yi kullananlar yeniden kullan\u0131m lisans\u0131n\u0131 kontrol etmelidirler \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc bazen yeniden kullan\u0131ma ili\u015fkin s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar olabilir. <span style=\"color: #008000;\"> \u00d6rne\u011fin, eserin kayna\u011f\u0131 orijinal yazarla do\u011fru bir \u015fekilde ili\u015fkilendirilmelidir (BY) <\/span> , <span style=\"color: #008000;\"> ve ticari bir yay\u0131nc\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan k\u00e2rla (NC) sat\u0131lmak \u00fczere bas\u0131l\u0131 bir kitaba d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclemez, <\/span> en az\u0131ndan yazar\u0131n yaz\u0131l\u0131 izni olmadan. A\u00e7\u0131k e\u011fitim kayna\u011f\u0131 sahibi veya yazar\u0131 olarak haklar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 korumak, eserlerinizi Creative Commons veya di\u011fer a\u00e7\u0131k lisanslar yoluyla yay\u0131mlamak anlam\u0131na gelmektedir.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"western\">11.2.2 Creative Commons lisanslar\u0131<\/h2>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Bir `yazar\u2019\u0131n, lisans olu\u015fturmak suretiyle, insanlar\u0131n telifli materyaline hi\u00e7bir \u00fccret \u00f6demeden ve \u00f6zel izin almadan \u00f6zg\u00fcrce eri\u015febilmelerine ve kullanabilmelerine izin vermesi olarak \u00f6zetleyebilece\u011fimiz bu basit fikir, 21. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck fikirlerinden biridir. Bu, yazar\u0131n telif hakk\u0131n\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131rmaz, ancak lisans, i\u00e7eri\u011fin farkl\u0131 t\u00fcrlerde \u00fccretsiz olarak kullan\u0131lmas\u0131na herhangi bir evrak veya yaz\u0131l\u0131 izin olmadan otomatik olarak izin verir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"para2\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"frame0\" src=\"http:\/\/acikkitap.com.tr\/dijital\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/09\/image0143.jpg\" alt=\"OEBPS\/images\/image0143.jpg\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><i>\u015eekil 11.2.2 Creative Commons lisans t\u00fcrleri(C)<br \/>\n\u00a9 The Creative Commons, 2013<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Farkl\u0131 ama\u00e7larla kullan\u0131labilecek alt\u0131 farkl\u0131 Creative Commons lisans\u0131 vard\u0131r:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">CC BY At\u0131f<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">: Ki\u015filer eserin ilk sahibi olarak size at\u0131fta bulunmak kayd\u0131yla eserinizi alabilir, payla\u015fabilir, ba\u015fka eserlerle kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rabilir ve yeni bir eser \u00fcretebilir hatta ticari ama\u00e7la kullanabilir. Creative Commons lisanslar\u0131n\u0131n en serbest ve esnek olan\u0131d\u0131r. Lisansl\u0131 materyallerin azami \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 ve payla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">CC BY-SA<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">: Ki\u015filer eserin ilk sahibi olarak size at\u0131fta bulunmak kayd\u0131yla eserinizi alabilir, ba\u015fka eserlerle kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rabilir, de\u011fi\u015ftirebilir ve yeni bir eser \u00fcretebilir hatta ticari ama\u00e7la kullanabilir. E\u011fer \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131z Creative Commons arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla lisanslanan di\u011fer ki\u015filerin malzemelerini de i\u00e7eriyorsa bu \u00f6zellikle \u00f6nemlidir;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">CC BY-ND<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">: Ki\u015filer eserin ilk sahibi olarak size at\u0131fta bulunmak ve eserde hi\u00e7bir de\u011fi\u015fiklik yapmadan b\u00fct\u00fcn olarak kullanmak kayd\u0131yla eserinizi alabilir ve ticari veya ticari olmayan ama\u00e7larla payla\u015fabilir;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">CC BY-NC<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">: Ki\u015filer eserinizi alabilir, ba\u015fka eserlerle kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rabilir, de\u011fi\u015ftirebilir ve ticari ama\u00e7 g\u00fctmeden yeni bir eser \u00fcretebilir. Ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan yeni eserde de size at\u0131fta bulunulmas\u0131 gerekir, ancak eserin ayn\u0131 ko\u015fullarla lisanslanmas\u0131 gerekmez;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">CC BY-NC-SA<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">: Ki\u015filer eserin ilk sahibi olarak size at\u0131fta bulunmak ve ortaya \u00e7\u0131kacak yeni \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc ayn\u0131 ko\u015fullarla lisanslamak kayd\u0131yla eserinizi alabilir, ba\u015fka eserlerle kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rabilir, de\u011fi\u015ftirebilir ve ticari ama\u00e7 g\u00fctmeden yeni bir eser \u00fcretebilir;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">CC BY-NC-ND<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">: Alt\u0131 lisans t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn en s\u0131n\u0131rlay\u0131c\u0131 olan\u0131d\u0131r. Ki\u015filer eserin ilk sahibi olarak size at\u0131fta bulunmak suretiyle eserinizi alabilir ve payla\u015fabilir; ancak hi\u00e7bir \u015fekilde eseriniz \u00fczerinde de\u011fi\u015fiklik yapamaz veya ticari ama\u00e7la kullanamaz.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Kendi materyallerinizi a\u00e7\u0131k e\u011fitim kayna\u011f\u0131 olarak payla\u015fmak istiyorsan\u0131z, tercih etti\u011finiz lisans\u0131 se\u00e7menin ve eserinizi lisanslaman\u0131n olduk\u00e7a basit bir s\u00fcre\u00e7 oldu\u011funu s\u00f6ylememiz gerekir (bk.Creative Commons &#8211; Bir Lisans Se\u00e7in ). \u015e\u00fcpheniz varsa bir k\u00fct\u00fcphaneci ile kontrol edin.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"western\">11.2.3 AEK Kaynaklar\u0131<\/h2>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">AEK&#8217;ye toplu olarak eri\u015fmemizi sa\u011flayan bir\u00e7ok \u2018ambar\u2019 bulunmaktad\u0131r (\u00f6rne\u011fin y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretim i\u00e7in MERLOT ve OER Commons veya ilk ve orta\u00f6\u011fretim i\u00e7in Edutopia gibi). Profesyoneller A\u00e7\u0131k E\u011fitim A\u011f\u0131\u2019nda, a\u00e7\u0131k e\u011fitim kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n bulunmas\u0131 ve kullan\u0131lmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik olarak m\u00fckemmel bir rehber bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Bununla birlikte internet \u00fczerinde olas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k e\u011fitim kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 ararken, bir kayna\u011f\u0131n Creative Commons lisans\u0131 olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na veya yeniden kullan\u0131m i\u00e7in yaz\u0131l\u0131 bir ifade bulunup bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na dikkat etmeniz gerekir. \u00dccretsiz kaynaklar\u0131 telif haklar\u0131n\u0131 dert etmeden \u00f6zg\u00fcrce kullanmak yayg\u0131n bir uygulama olsa da kayna\u011f\u0131n yeniden kullan\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in net bir lisans veya ifade yoksa bir risk s\u00f6z konusu olabilir. \u00d6rne\u011fin OpenLearn gibi bir\u00e7ok web sitesi, sitedeki kaynaklar\u0131 yaln\u0131zca ticari ama\u00e7 olmaks\u0131z\u0131n ki\u015fisel olarak kullan\u0131lmas\u0131na izin vermektedir. Bunun anlam\u0131, materyalleri do\u011frudan al\u0131p kendi \u00f6\u011fretim materyallerinize eklemek yerine s\u00f6z konusu siteye ba\u011flant\u0131 vererek \u00f6\u011frencilerin o siteye giderek materyalleri kullanmalar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamakt\u0131r. Yeniden kullan\u0131m haklar\u0131yla ilgili \u015f\u00fcpheleriniz varsa k\u00fct\u00fcphaneyle veya fikri m\u00fclkiyet haklar\u0131 b\u00fcrosuyla g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015febilirsiniz.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"western\">11.2.4 AEK&#8217;nin s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131<\/h2>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">A\u00d6K&#8217;n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131k ders kitaplar\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda (bir sonraki b\u00f6l\u00fcme bak\u0131n) e\u011fitmenler taraf\u0131ndan al\u0131nmas\u0131 orijinal s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc olu\u015fturanlar d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda h\u00e2la minimaldir. <span style=\"color: #008000;\"> \u00d6rne\u011fin, 2017&#8217;de Kanada&#8217;da, kurumlar\u0131n yar\u0131s\u0131ndan az\u0131 A\u00d6K kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 bildirdi <\/span> (Donovan vd., 2018 ).<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"western\">11.2.4.1 Kalite sorunlar\u0131<\/h3>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">De\u011fi\u015ftirilemeyen veya d\u00fczenlenemeyen PDF dosyalar\u0131 h\u00e2linde etkile\u015fimsiz bir s\u00fcr\u00fc yaz\u0131, ilkel benzetimler, kalitesiz grafikler ve tasar\u0131mlar, betimlemek istedikleri akademik kavramlar\u0131 yans\u0131tmaktan \u00e7ok uzakt\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Avrupa\u2019daki potansiyel kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n AEK&#8217;lere y\u00f6nelik tutumunu inceleyen Falconer (2013), a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki sonu\u00e7lara varm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><i><em class=\"western\">Kitlelerin AEK&#8217;lerin olu\u015fturulmas\u0131na kat\u0131lma yetene\u011fi (k\u00fclt\u00fcrel olarak kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k beklemeden bir\u015fey vermeye olan g\u00fcvensizli\u011fimiz), kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n nitelikle ilgili kayg\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fckselmesine neden olmu\u015ftur. Reklam, piyasa tan\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 ve cilal\u0131 \u00fcretimler yoluyla g\u00fcven temin etmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ticari \u00fcreticiler ve yay\u0131nc\u0131lar, \u00fccretsiz materyallere olan bu g\u00fcvensizli\u011fi istismar edebilir. Niteli\u011fe olan inan\u00e7,AEK giri\u015fiminin en b\u00fcy\u00fck itkilerinden biridir; ancak prensipte herkesin katk\u0131da bulunabilece\u011fi bir ortamda kalite g\u00fcvencesini sa\u011flaman\u0131n \u00f6l\u00e7eklenebilirli\u011fi konusu h\u00e2len daha \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcme kavu\u015fturulmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kalitenin bir ortamdan di\u011ferine a\u00e7\u0131k bir bi\u00e7imde transfer edilip edilemeyece\u011fi sorusu da \u00e7ok fazla cevap bulamamaktad\u0131r. Onay m\u00fchr\u00fc sistemi sonsuz \u00f6l\u00e7eklenebilir olmasa da kullan\u0131c\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerinin do\u011frulu\u011fu ve di\u011fer ilgili \u00f6nlemler yeterli d\u00fczeyde ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/em><\/i><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">AEK, AEK&#8217;y\u0131 olu\u015fturan ki\u015filer d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ba\u015fkalar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan ele al\u0131nacaksa iyi bir \u015fekilde tasarlanmas\u0131 gerekir. A\u00e7\u0131k \u00dcniversite, \u00f6zellikle \u00e7evrim i\u00e7i, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma i\u00e7in tasarlanan kurslar\u0131ndan a\u00e7\u0131k e\u011fitim kayna\u011f\u0131 olarak kendi metinsel materyallerini sunan a\u00e7\u0131k e\u011fitim kayna\u011f\u0131 portal\u0131 OpenLearn&#8217;i olu\u015fturana kadar iTunes \u00dcniversitesinde en \u00e7ok kullan\u0131lan a\u00e7\u0131k e\u011fitim kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131n A\u00e7\u0131k \u00dcniversitede olmas\u0131 \u015fa\u015f\u0131rt\u0131c\u0131 de\u011fildir. Bir kez daha belirtmem gerekir ki bir AEK&#8217;nin nitelikli olmas\u0131nda tasar\u0131m \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir fakt\u00f6rd\u00fcr.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"western\">11.2.4.2 E\u011fitmenlerin mesleki imajlar\u0131<\/h3>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Hampson\u2019a (2013) g\u00f6re bir\u00e7ok \u00f6\u011fretim eleman\u0131n\u0131n profesyonel \u00f6z imgesi de a\u00e7\u0131k e\u011fitim kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n kabul\u00fcn\u00fcn a\u011f\u0131r olmas\u0131nda bir etkendir. Hampson, \u00f6\u011fretim elemanlar\u0131n\u0131n kendilerini \u2018sadece\u2019 birer \u00f6\u011fretmen olarak de\u011fil yeni veya \u00f6zg\u00fcn bilginin yarat\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 ve da\u011f\u0131t\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 olarak g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc iddia etmektedir. Bu nedenle, \u00f6\u011fretim faaliyetlerinin kendi damgas\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131 gerekti\u011fine inan\u0131r ve bu nedenle de, di\u011fer ki\u015filerin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a kullanmak ve \u2018kopyalamak\u2019 konusunda isteksiz davran\u0131rlar.<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">\u00d6zg\u00fcn \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma olmaktan ziyade \u2018paket\u2019 bilgi olarak nitelendirilebilen AEK&#8217;lerin, \u00f6\u011fretim elemanlar\u0131n\u0131 \u2018sanatk\u00e2r\u2019 olmaktan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131p \u2018zanaatk\u00e2r\u2019 h\u00e2line getirdi\u011fi de iddia edilir. Bu sebebin olduk\u00e7a sa\u00e7ma oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenebilir, nitekim hepimiz devlerin omuzlar\u0131 \u00fczerinde duruyoruz; ancak \u00f6nemli olan \u00f6z alg\u0131d\u0131r ve ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 \u00f6\u011fretim elemanlar\u0131 i\u00e7in bu arg\u00fcmanda az da olsa ger\u00e7eklik pay\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bu \u00f6\u011fretim elemanlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6\u011fretim s\u00fcre\u00e7lerini ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 \u00fczerine yo\u011funla\u015fmas\u0131 son derece makuld\u00fcr. Yine de \u015funun \u015furas\u0131nda ka\u00e7 tane Richard Feynman var ki?<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"western\">11.2.4.3 \u00dccretsiz mi a\u00e7\u0131k m\u0131?<\/h3>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Ayr\u0131ca bir\u00e7ok AEK&#8217;da a\u00e7\u0131k lisans bilgisi olmamas\u0131 nedeniyle \u2018\u00fccretsiz\u2019 (s\u0131f\u0131r finansal maliyet) ve \u2018a\u00e7\u0131k\u2019 aras\u0131nda ciddi bir kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k vard\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin, <span style=\"color: #008000;\"> Baz\u0131 <\/span> Coursera KA\u00c7D&#8217;leri \u00fccretsizdir, ancak &#8216;a\u00e7\u0131k&#8217; de\u011fildir: Coursera KA\u00c7D&#8217;lerinin \u00e7o\u011funda materyali izinsiz olarak kendi \u00f6\u011fretiminizde kullanmak bir telif hakk\u0131 ihlalidir. edX\u2019in KA\u00c7D platformu ise a\u00e7\u0131k kaynakt\u0131r; yani di\u011fer kurumlar portalin yaz\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131p uyarlay\u0131p kullanabilirler, ancak edX\u2019in kendi kurumlar\u0131 bile telif haklar\u0131n\u0131 muhafaza ederler. Bununla birlikte her iki paltformun da istisnalar\u0131 vard\u0131r: birka\u00e7 KA\u00c7D\u2019nin a\u00e7\u0131k lisans\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"western\">11.2.4.4 AEK&#8217;lar\u0131 belirlemek<\/h3>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Di\u011fer yandan, AEK&#8217;lar\u0131n ba\u011flam-duyars\u0131z (veya kavramdan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z) olma konusu vard\u0131r. \u00d6\u011frenmeyle ilgili ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar, i\u00e7eri\u011fin en iyi ba\u011flam i\u00e7inde \u00f6\u011frenildi\u011fini (durumlu \u00f6\u011frenme) ve \u00f6\u011frenmenin, \u00f6\u011frencinin aktif oldu\u011fu ve bilgiyi anlam geli\u015ftirerek ve anlamay\u0131 basamakland\u0131rarak yap\u0131land\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 h\u00e2llerde en iyi d\u00fczeyde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fini g\u00f6stermektedir. \u0130\u00e7erik, dura\u011fan de\u011fildir. \u0130\u00e7erik, k\u00f6m\u00fcr gibi bir meta ya da madde de de\u011fildir. Di\u011fer bir deyi\u015fle, i\u00e7erik, bir kamyonun arkas\u0131na k\u00fcrekle k\u00f6m\u00fcr atarm\u0131\u015f gibi aktar\u0131lmaz. \u00d6\u011frenme, sorgulama gerektiren, \u00f6n \u00f6\u011frenmelerin yeni fikirlerin geli\u015ftirilmesinde kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, anlaman\u0131n \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve geri bildirim verildi\u011fi dinamik bir s\u00fcre\u00e7tir. Bu etkile\u015fimsel (\u2018transaksiyonal\u2019) s\u00fcre\u00e7ler, ki\u015fisel yans\u0131malar\u0131n, bir uzmandan (\u00f6\u011fretmen veya \u00f6\u011fretim eleman\u0131) al\u0131nacak geri bildirimlerin ve daha da \u00f6nemlisi arkada\u015flarla, aileyle ve s\u0131n\u0131f arkada\u015flar\u0131yla etkile\u015fimin ve onlardan al\u0131nacak geri bildirimlerin bir bile\u015fiminin olmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">A\u00e7\u0131k i\u00e7eri\u011fin en zay\u0131f y\u00f6nlerinden biri de, do\u011fas\u0131 gere\u011fi, etkili \u00f6\u011frenme i\u00e7in hayati \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131yan geli\u015fimsel, ba\u011flamsal ve \u2018\u00e7evresel\u2019 bile\u015fenlerden s\u0131yr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bir ba\u015fka ifadeyle, AEK ayn\u0131 yukar\u0131da bahsetti\u011fimiz k\u00f6m\u00fcr gibidir. Birinin gelip kendisini y\u00fcklemesini bekler. K\u00f6m\u00fcr elbette ki \u00e7ok de\u011ferli bir maddedir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">AEK&#8217;y\u0131 ham &#8216;i\u00e7erikten&#8217; faydal\u0131 bir \u00f6\u011frenme deneyimine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcren ba\u011flamsal unsurlara daha fazla dikkat edilmelidir. Bu, e\u011fitmenlerin AEK&#8217;nin uyaca\u011f\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenme deneyimleri veya ortamlar\u0131 olu\u015fturmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelir. (Bu konuyla ilgili daha fazla tart\u0131\u015fma i\u00e7in bkz. B\u00f6l\u00fcm 11.4 )<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"western\">11.2.4.5 Ara\u015ft\u0131rmay\u0131 inceleyin<\/h3>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Daha detayl\u0131 bilgi i\u00e7in Open Education Group `un a\u00e7\u0131k e\u011fitim kaynaklar\u0131 ile ilgili ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 inceledi\u011fi bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma olan Review Project`i okumak isteyebilirsiniz. Di\u011fer bir \u00f6nemli ara\u015ft\u0131rma projesi de G\u00fcney Amerika, Sahra Alt\u0131 Afrika ve G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asya\u2019daki bir\u00e7ok \u00fclkede a\u00e7\u0131k e\u011fitim kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n kabul\u00fc ve kullan\u0131m\u0131na ili\u015fkin kan\u0131ta dayal\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rma \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 olan ROER4D`dir.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"western\">11.2.5 AEKl&#8217;ar\u0131 nas\u0131l kullanmal\u0131y\u0131z<\/h2>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Bu s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131l\u0131klara ra\u011fmen, \u00f6\u011fretmenler ve \u00f6\u011fretim elemanlar\u0131 Creative Commons lisans\u0131 alt\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131k e\u011fitim kaynaklar\u0131 olu\u015fturmaya veya kaynaklar\u0131 di\u011fer ki\u015filerin eri\u015fimine a\u00e7\u0131k h\u00e2le getirmeye devam etmektedir. \u00d6\u011fretim elemanlar\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131k e\u011fitim kaynaklar\u0131na eri\u015febilecekleri ambarlar\u0131n veya portallar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 giderek artmaktad\u0131r. AEK&#8217;nin miktar\u0131 artt\u0131k\u00e7a \u00f6\u011fretmen ve \u00f6\u011fretim elemanlar\u0131n\u0131n da kendilerine \u00f6zg\u00fc \u00f6\u011fretim bi\u00e7imlerine ve durumlar\u0131na uygun kaynaklar bulmalar\u0131 kolayla\u015facakt\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Bu \u00e7er\u00e7eveden bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczde birka\u00e7 se\u00e7enek vard\u0131r:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">var olan a\u00e7\u0131k e\u011fitim kaynaklar\u0131 aras\u0131ndan uygun olan\u0131n\u0131 se\u00e7ip kendi derslerimizde kullanabiliriz;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">kendi dersimiz i\u00e7in kendi dijital kaynaklar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 geli\u015ftirip, ba\u015fkalar\u0131yla payla\u015fabiliriz (Florida Eyalet \u00dcniversitesi\u2019nin AEK Olu\u015fturma ve Lisanslama videosuna bakabilirsiniz);<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">AEK etraf\u0131nda \u00f6\u011frencilerin problemleri \u00e7\u00f6zmek, rapor yazmak veya bir konuda ara\u015ft\u0131rma yapmak i\u00e7in i\u00e7erik bulmalar\u0131 gereken bir kurs olu\u015fturun (bk. Senaryo H bu b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn ba\u015f\u0131nda ve B\u00f6l\u00fcm 11 4.2 );<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">OERu`dan tam bir dersi al\u0131p bu ders temelinde \u00f6\u011frenci etkinlikleri ve bir de\u011ferlendirme sistemi olu\u015fturarak ders i\u00e7in \u00f6\u011frenci deste\u011fi sa\u011flayabilirsiniz.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">\u00d6\u011frenciler, her t\u00fcr \u00f6\u011frenme i\u00e7in a\u00e7\u0131k e\u011fitim kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 kullanabilirler. \u00d6rne\u011fin, MIT\u2019nin A\u00e7\u0131k Ders Malzemeleri sitesi yaln\u0131zca ki\u015fisel ilgi alanlar\u0131n\u0131zda bir\u015feyler \u00f6\u011frenmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131labilece\u011fi gibi bir derste verilen konulardan biriyle ilgili problem ya\u015fayan bir \u00f6\u011frenci de MIT\u2019nin sitesine giderek farkl\u0131 \u00f6\u011fretim elemanlar\u0131n\u0131n ayn\u0131 konuya nas\u0131l yakla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcp farkl\u0131 bir alternatifle konuyu peki\u015ftirebilir.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"western\">11.2.6 G\u00f6sterilen \u00e7abaya de\u011fer mi<\/h2>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">AEK&#8217;nin bug\u00fcnk\u00fc s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131na veya zay\u0131f yanlar\u0131na ra\u011fmen b\u00fcy\u00fck olas\u0131l\u0131kla kullan\u0131mlar\u0131 giderek artacakt\u0131r. Bunun sebebi ise \u00e7ok basittir: nitelikli materyallere \u00fccretsiz olarak ve kolayl\u0131kla eri\u015fmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnken, her\u015feyi s\u0131f\u0131rdan ba\u015ftan yaratman\u0131n hi\u00e7bir mant\u0131\u011f\u0131 yoktur. Tema 9\u2019da da g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz gibi \u00f6\u011fretmenlerin ve \u00f6\u011fretim elemanlar\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131na a\u00e7\u0131k m\u00fckemmel a\u00e7\u0131k materyaller vard\u0131r. Bu materyallerin say\u0131s\u0131 zaman i\u00e7inde artacakt\u0131r. B\u00f6l\u00fcm 11.5\u2019de tart\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z gibi bu art\u0131\u015f derslerin tasar\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 ve verili\u015f bi\u00e7imini de de\u011fi\u015ftirecektir. Asl\u0131na bak\u0131l\u0131rsa, a\u00e7\u0131k e\u011fitim kaynaklar\u0131 dijital \u00e7a\u011fda \u00f6\u011fretimin ba\u015fl\u0131ca \u00f6zelliklerinden biri olmaya adayd\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"western\">Kaynak\u00e7a<\/h2>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Donovan, T. et al. (2018) <em class=\"western\"><i>Tracking Online and Distance Education in Canadian Universities and Colleges: 2018<\/i><\/em> Halifax NS: Canadian Digital Learning Research Association<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Falconer, I. et al. (2013) Overview and Analysis of Practices with Open Educational Resources in Adult Education in Europe Seville, Spain: European Commission Institute for Prospective Technological Studies<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Hampson, K. (2013) The next chapter for digital instructional media: content as a competitive difference Vancouver BC: COHERE 2013 conference<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Hilton, J., et al. (2010). The four R\u2019s of openness and ALMS Analysis: Frameworks for open educational resources <em class=\"western\"><i>Open Learning: The Journal of Open and Distance Learning, 25<\/i><\/em>(1), 37\u201344<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"western\">Etkinlik 11.2 AEK&#8217;nin kullan\u0131m\u0131<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">1. Kendi derslerinizde hi\u00e7 AEK kulland\u0131n\u0131z m\u0131? Sizin i\u00e7in olumlu mu yoksa olumsuz bir deneyim miydi?<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">2. Hi\u00e7 AEK kullanmad\u0131ysan\u0131z, kullanmaman\u0131z\u0131n temel sebebi nedir? Ula\u015fabildi\u011finiz kaynaklar\u0131n neler oldu\u011funu ara\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131n\u0131z m\u0131? Buldu\u011funuz kaynaklar\u0131n kalitesi nas\u0131l? B\u00f6yle kaynaklar nas\u0131l geli\u015ftirilebilir?<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">3. Hangi ko\u015fullar alt\u0131nda kendi materyallerinizi a\u00e7\u0131k e\u011fitim kaynaklar\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmeyi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrs\u00fcn\u00fcz?<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"menu_order":3,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[48],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-269","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry","chapter-type-numberless"],"part":262,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/acikkitap.com.tr\/dijital\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/269","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/acikkitap.com.tr\/dijital\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/acikkitap.com.tr\/dijital\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/acikkitap.com.tr\/dijital\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/acikkitap.com.tr\/dijital\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/269\/revisions"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/acikkitap.com.tr\/dijital\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/262"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/acikkitap.com.tr\/dijital\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/269\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/acikkitap.com.tr\/dijital\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=269"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/acikkitap.com.tr\/dijital\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=269"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/acikkitap.com.tr\/dijital\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=269"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/acikkitap.com.tr\/dijital\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=269"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}