{"id":272,"date":"2020-09-03T15:37:05","date_gmt":"2020-09-03T12:37:05","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/acikkitap.com.tr\/dijital\/chapter\/__unknown__-116\/"},"modified":"2020-09-03T15:37:05","modified_gmt":"2020-09-03T12:37:05","slug":"__unknown__-116","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/acikkitap.com.tr\/dijital\/chapter\/__unknown__-116\/","title":{"raw":"11.3 A\u00e7\u0131k ders kitaplar\u0131, a\u00e7\u0131k ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve a\u00e7\u0131k veri","rendered":"11.3 A\u00e7\u0131k ders kitaplar\u0131, a\u00e7\u0131k ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve a\u00e7\u0131k veri"},"content":{"raw":"\n<p class=\"para2\"><img class=\"frame0\" src=\"http:\/\/acikkitap.com.tr\/dijital\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/09\/image0144.jpg\" alt=\"OEBPS\/images\/image0144.jpg\"><\/p>\n<span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><i>\u015eekil 11.3.1 Open Stax a\u00e7\u0131k ders kitaplar\u0131<\/i><\/span><\/span>\n<h2 class=\"western\">11.3.1 A\u00e7\u0131k ders kitaplar\u0131<\/h2>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Ders kitaplar\u0131, \u00f6\u011frenciler i\u00e7in giderek artan bir maliyet olmaya devam etmektedir. Baz\u0131 ders kitaplar\u0131n\u0131n maliyeti 200 $ veya daha fazlad\u0131r ve ABD'de bir \u00fcniversite lisans harc\u0131yor <span style=\"color: #008000;\"> ders kitaplar\u0131nda y\u0131lda ortalama 530 $ - 640 $ aras\u0131nda (Hill, <\/span><em class=\"western\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><i> 2015 <\/i><\/span><\/em><span style=\"color: #008000;\"> ), maliyeti \u00f6nerilen ders kitaplar\u0131 968 $ ile 1221 $ aras\u0131nda (Caulfield, 2015 ).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Di\u011fer taraftan a\u00e7\u0131k ders kitaplar\u0131, ticari ama\u00e7 g\u00fctmemek veya e\u011fitim ama\u00e7l\u0131 olmak kayd\u0131yla \u00fccretsiz olarak indirilebilen, a\u00e7\u0131k lisansl\u0131, dijital yay\u0131nlard\u0131r. \u015eu anda a\u00e7\u0131k bir ders kitab\u0131 okuyorsunuz. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde, a\u00e7\u0131k ders kitaplar\u0131n\u0131n yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7ok say\u0131da kaynak bulunmaktad\u0131r: Rice \u00dcniversitesinin OpenStax Koleji ve Minnesota \u00dcniversitesinin A\u00e7\u0131k Akademik Ders Kitaplar\u0131 Katalo\u011fu gibi.<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">British Columbia'da, eyalet h\u00fck\u00fbmeti ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta Alberta ve Saskatchewan illerinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra Kanada AEK Grubu \u00fczerinden <span style=\"color: #008000;\">di\u011fer illerle de i\u015f birli\u011fi yapan B.C. a\u00e7\u0131k ders kitab\u0131 projesine yat\u0131r\u0131m yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span> B.C. a\u00e7\u0131k ders kitab\u0131 projesi, en y\u00fcksek kay\u0131tl\u0131 akademik konu alanlar\u0131nda ve ayr\u0131ca ticaret ve beceri e\u011fitiminde a\u00e7\u0131k lisansl\u0131 ders kitaplar\u0131n\u0131 sunmaya odaklanmaktad\u0131r. Di\u011fer benzer kaynaklar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funda oldu\u011fu gibi B.C. projesinde de t\u00fcm kitaplar se\u00e7ilmi\u015f, hakem incelemesinden ge\u00e7mi\u015f ve baz\u0131 durumlarda \u00fcniversitenin kendi \u00f6\u011fretim elemanlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu kitaplar s\u0131kl\u0131kla, yeni bilgi anlam\u0131nda \u2018\u00f6zg\u00fcn\u2019 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar de\u011fildir; ancak farkl\u0131 konu alanlar\u0131ndaki mevcut anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerin iyi bir \u015fekilde betimlendi\u011fi \u00e7ok dikkatle ve \u00f6zenle yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f eserlerdir.<\/span><\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"western\">11.3.1.1 A\u00e7\u0131k ders kitaplar\u0131n\u0131n avantajlar\u0131<\/h2>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">\u00d6\u011frenciler ve h\u00fck\u00fbmetler, gerek hibe gerek mali yard\u0131m kullanarak, ders kitaplar\u0131na her sene milyarlarca dolar \u00f6demektedir. A\u00e7\u0131k ders kitaplar\u0131, e\u011fitim maliyetini azaltmada \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir etki yaratabilir. <span style=\"color: #008000;\"> Britanya Kolumbiyas\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fbmeti, BC A\u00e7\u0131k Ders Kitab\u0131 projesinin ildeki yakla\u015f\u0131k 300.000 orta\u00f6\u011fretim sonras\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenciyi 2012-2017 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda ders kitab\u0131nda 4 milyon dolardan daha fazla kurtard\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tahmin ediyor (Bernard, 2017 ).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Cable Green\u2019in a\u00e7\u0131k ders kitaplar\u0131yla ilgili vizyonu \u015f\u00f6yle: \u00f6\u011frencilerin y\u00fczde 100\u2019\u00fcn\u00fcn okulun ilk g\u00fcn\u00fcnde t\u00fcm materyallere dijital ortamda ve \u00fccretsiz olarak y\u00fczde 100 eri\u015fim sa\u011flamas\u0131... Bug\u00fcn art\u0131k durum \u00e7ok farkl\u0131..<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Merkez Florida \u00dcniversitesinden DeNoyelles ve Raible (2017)'nin bulgular\u0131na g\u00f6re y\u00fcksek maliyet y\u00fcz\u00fcnden:<\/span><\/p>\n\n<ul>\n \t<li><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Ankete kat\u0131lanlar\u0131n y\u00fczde 30'u en az bir kez ders kitab\u0131 almamay\u0131 tercih etmi\u015ftir,<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n \t<li><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Y\u00fczde 41'i ders kitab\u0131 sat\u0131n almay\u0131 ertelemi\u015ftir ve<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n \t<li><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Y\u00fczde 15'i daha az ders alm\u0131\u015f ya da belli bir dersi hi\u00e7 almamaya karar vermi\u015ftir.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">DeNoyelles ve Raible \u015fu sonuca varm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r:<\/span><\/p>\n\n<ul>\n \t<li><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">ders kitaplar\u0131n\u0131n maliyeti, \u00f6\u011frencilerin gerekli materyallere eri\u015fimini (% 66.6's\u0131 gerekli ders kitab\u0131n\u0131 sat\u0131n almam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r) ve \u00f6\u011frenmeyi (% 37.6's\u0131 zay\u0131f bir not alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r; % 19.8'i bir dersten ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z olmu\u015ftur) olumsuz etkilemektedir.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Florida Sanal Kamp\u00fcs\u00fc taraf\u0131ndan y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen Florida'daki t\u00fcm orta\u00f6\u011fretim mezunu \u00f6\u011frencilerle yap\u0131lan bir ara\u015ft\u0131rma(2016), ders kitaplar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcksek maliyetleri nedeniyle:<\/span><\/p>\n\n<ul>\n \t<li><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">mezuniyet ve \/ veya derslere eri\u015fim s\u00fcresi maliyetten etkilenir. \u00d6\u011frenciler ara s\u0131ra veya s\u0131k s\u0131k<\/span><\/span>\n<ul>\n \t<li><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">daha az ders ald\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 (47.6%);<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n \t<li><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">herhangi bir derse hi\u00e7 kaydolmad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 (45.5%);<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n \t<li><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">dersi b\u0131rakt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 (26.1%), veya<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n \t<li><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">kurstan \u00e7ekildiklerini (20.7%) belirtmi\u015flerdir.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Dikkate al\u0131nmas\u0131 gereken ba\u015fka konular da vard\u0131r. \u00dcniversitelerin a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilk d\u00f6nemin ilk haftas\u0131nda, kamp\u00fcsteki kitap\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcnde uzun kuyruklar olu\u015fur ve \u00f6\u011frenciler, \u00e7ok de\u011ferli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma zamanlar\u0131n\u0131 bu kuyruklarda bekleyerek harcarlar. Di\u011fer \u00f6\u011frencilerden ikinci el kitap arayan \u00f6\u011frencileri de d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fczde, kitaplar\u0131n \u00f6\u011frencilerin eline ge\u00e7mesi d\u00f6nemin ikinci veya \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc haftas\u0131n\u0131 bulabilmektedir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Peki ni\u00e7in h\u00fck\u00fbmetler arac\u0131 kurumlar\u0131 (ticari yay\u0131n evleri) aradan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131p ders kitaplar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcreticilerine do\u011frudan \u00f6deme yapm\u0131yor ve b\u00f6ylece maliyetin y\u00fczde 80 fazlas\u0131ndan tasarruf etmiyor? Ni\u00e7in bu kitaplar\u0131 Creative Common lisans\u0131 alt\u0131nda \u00f6\u011frencilerle (veya isteyen herkesle) internet \u00fczerinden \u00fccretsiz olarak payla\u015fm\u0131yor?<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"para2\"><img class=\"frame0\" src=\"http:\/\/acikkitap.com.tr\/dijital\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/09\/image0145.jpg\" alt=\"OEBPS\/images\/image0145.jpg\"><\/p>\n<span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><i>\u015eekil 11.3.2 A\u00e7\u0131k ders kitaplar\u0131: kitap\u00e7\u0131 dizisi yok! G\u00f6rsel: Saskatoon StarPhoenix<\/i><\/span><\/span>\n<h2 class=\"western\">11.3.1.2 A\u00e7\u0131k ders kitaplar\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131<\/h2>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Fak\u00fclte direni\u015fi a\u00e7\u0131k ders kitaplar\u0131 i\u00e7in h\u00e2la bir problemdir. 2017'de Kanada'daki t\u00fcm orta\u00f6\u011fretim sonras\u0131 kurumlar\u0131n yar\u0131s\u0131 ila \u00fc\u00e7te ikisinde a\u00e7\u0131k ders kitaplar\u0131 kabul edilmi\u015fti ve y\u00fczde 20'si de kullan\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yordu. Ancak, bu illere g\u00f6re \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde de\u011fi\u015fiklik g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Britanya Kolumbiyas\u0131'nda, t\u00fcm lise sonras\u0131 kurumlar\u0131n y\u00fczde 90'\u0131 baz\u0131 dersler i\u00e7in a\u00e7\u0131k ders kitaplar\u0131 alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r; Saskatchewan ve Quebec'te, kurumlar\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7te birinden az\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k ders kitaplar\u0131 kullanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (Donovan vd., 2018). Bu, a\u00e7\u0131k ders kitaplar\u0131 i\u00e7in devlet deste\u011finin etkisini a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6stermektedir. A\u00e7\u0131k ders kitab\u0131na ge\u00e7i\u015f en \u00e7ok \u00fcniversitelerde ve b\u00fcy\u00fck kurumlarda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir. Donovan vd. ayr\u0131ca a\u00e7\u0131k ders kitaplar\u0131 ve OER kullan\u0131m\u0131 konusunda e\u011fitmenlerin bilgi eksikli\u011fi ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve e\u011fitime ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 oldu\u011funu tespit etmi\u015ftir..<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Murphy (2013) a\u00e7\u0131k olsun ya da olmas\u0131n ders kitaplar\u0131 fikrini sorgular. Ders kitaplar\u0131n\u0131 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l sanayicili\u011finin bir kal\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131, bir t\u00fcr kitle <span style=\"color: #008000;\">yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcr.<\/span>21. y\u00fczy\u0131lda \u00f6\u011frenciler internet \u00fczerinden dijital materyalleri bulmal\u0131, bunlara eri\u015fmeli ve toplamal\u0131d\u0131r. Ders kitaplar\u0131nda b\u00fct\u00fcn i\u015fi, \u00f6\u011frenciler ad\u0131na yazarlar yapmaktad\u0131r. Bununla birlikte ders kitaplar\u0131n\u0131n h\u00e2len daha en temel e\u011fitim bi\u00e7imleri i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erli oldu\u011funu kabul etmek gerekir. A\u00e7\u0131k ders kitaplar\u0131 \u00f6\u011fenciler i\u00e7in pahal\u0131 ders kitaplar\u0131ndan \u00e7ok daha iyi bir alternatiftir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Kalite de sorun olmaya devam ediyor. \"\u00dccretsiz\" ifadesinin k\u00f6t\u00fc kalite anlam\u0131na geldi\u011fine ili\u015fkin yerle\u015fik bir \u00f6nyarg\u0131 vard\u0131r. Bu Nedenle, AEK kalitesi ile ilgili ayn\u0131 \u00f6nyarg\u0131lar a\u00e7\u0131k ders kitaplar\u0131 i\u00e7in de ge\u00e7erlidir. Yay\u0131nc\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan bas\u0131lan pahal\u0131 ders kitaplar\u0131nda, konulara g\u00f6m\u00fcl\u00fc etkinlikler, ek materyaller ve hatta de\u011ferlendirme sorular\u0131 yer almaktad\u0131r. <span style=\"color: #008000;\"> Bununla birlikte Jhangiani ve Jhangiani ( 2017 ), British Columbia'da derslerinden biri veya daha fazlas\u0131 i\u00e7in a\u00e7\u0131k bir ders kitab\u0131 kullanan 320 lisans \u00f6\u011frencisi \u00fczerinde yap\u0131lan bir ankette, kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n % 96's\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131k ders kitaplar\u0131n\u0131n kalitesinin ticari bir ders kitab\u0131na e\u015fit veya \u00fcst\u00fcn olarak alg\u0131lad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tespit etmi\u015ftir.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Benim de i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fum bir grup ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 ise \u00e7ok dar kapsaml\u0131 oldu\u011fu veya standart \u00f6\u011fretim program\u0131 i\u00e7inde yer almad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gerek\u00e7esiyle devlet taraf\u0131ndan desteklenmeyebilecek \u00f6zg\u00fcn eserlerin olu\u015fturulmas\u0131nda \u2018a\u00e7\u0131k\u2019 yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n bir etkisi olup olmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sorgulamaktad\u0131r. E\u011fer g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi \u00e7aba i\u00e7in maddi bir fayda sa\u011flamayacaksa, ki\u015fi \u00f6zg\u00fcn bir eser yay\u0131mlamaya nas\u0131l te\u015fvik edilir? Yay\u0131nlansa dahi tek yazarl\u0131 \u00f6zg\u00fcn bir kitab\u0131n yaz\u0131lmas\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7 bir i\u015ftir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde bir\u00e7ok `a\u00e7\u0131k\u2019 yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k hizmet varsa da bir yazar\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcn bir eser olu\u015fturmas\u0131n\u0131n bir maliyeti vard\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin, kitapta kullan\u0131lacak grafiklerin olu\u015fturulmas\u0131 veya kitab\u0131n edit\u00f6rl\u00fck ya da son okuma masraflar\u0131n\u0131 kim kar\u015f\u0131layacak? Blo\u011fumu bu kitab\u0131n b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerini genel olarak incelemek i\u00e7in kulland\u0131m ve bu son derece yararl\u0131 oldu. <span style=\"color: #008000;\">Yine de, bu kitap i\u00e7in yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir inceleme i\u00e7in en kaliteli ele\u015ftirmenlere ba\u015fvurulabilir (\u00f6rn. Ek 3<\/span>). <span style=\"color: #008000;\"> Hem BCcampus hem de Contact North'tan \u00fccretsiz teknik destek ald\u0131m, ancak di\u011fer potansiyel a\u00e7\u0131k ders kitab\u0131 yazarlar\u0131n\u0131n bu t\u00fcr eri\u015fimleri olmayabilir.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Ba\u015fka bir konu da pazarlama... Kitaplar\u0131 etkin olarak pazarlayabilmek i\u00e7in zaman ve uzmanl\u0131k bilgisi gerekiyor. Di\u011fer taraftan, ticari olarak on iki kitap yay\u0131nlam\u0131\u015f biri olarak benim kendi deneyimim, yay\u0131nc\u0131lar\u0131n ders kitaplar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczg\u00fcn bir \u015fekilde pazarlamada hi\u00e7 yeterli olmad\u0131klar\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde; hatta t\u00fcm sat\u0131\u015f gelirinin neredeyse y\u00fczde 85-90\u2019\u0131n\u0131 almalar\u0131na ra\u011fmen yazarlar\u0131n kitaplar\u0131n\u0131 kendilerinin pazarlamas\u0131n\u0131 bekliyorlar. Bununla birlikte a\u00e7\u0131k ders kitaplar\u0131n\u0131n pazarlanmas\u0131nda da ger\u00e7ek maliyetlerin oldu\u011funu not almal\u0131y\u0131z.<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">T\u00fcm bu masraflar nas\u0131l kar\u015f\u0131lanacak? \u00d6zg\u00fcn bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n kitap format\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131k olarak yay\u0131nlanmas\u0131n\u0131 desteklemek i\u00e7in \u00e7ok fazla gayret g\u00f6sterilmesi gerekmektedir. Peki e\u011fer b\u00f6yleyse bilginin nas\u0131l olu\u015fturulaca\u011f\u0131, da\u011f\u0131t\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 ve korunaca\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bu ne anlama gelmektedir? A\u00e7\u0131k ders kitab\u0131 yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olabilmesi i\u00e7in yeni ve s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir i\u015f modellerinin geli\u015ftirilmesi gerekmektedir. A\u00e7\u0131k ders kitaplar\u0131 i\u00e7in bir devlet katk\u0131s\u0131 veya farkl\u0131 bir mali destek olana\u011f\u0131 sa\u011flanmas\u0131 mutlaka gerekecektir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Tart\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z b\u00fct\u00fcn bu konular \u00f6nemli kayg\u0131lar olsa da \u00fcstesinden gelinemez sorunlar de\u011fildirler. Ana ders kitaplar\u0131n\u0131n belli bir oran\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6\u011frencilerin \u00fccretsiz eri\u015fimine a\u00e7\u0131k olmas\u0131, \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ad\u0131md\u0131r. Bu kitab\u0131n ilk bask\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 yazman\u0131n de\u011ferli olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmek i\u00e7in bkz. '\u00e7evrim i\u00e7i Kitap Yazma: Buna De\u011fer Mi?' (Bates, 2015 )<\/span><\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"western\">11.3.1.3 Bir a\u00e7\u0131k ders kitab\u0131 nas\u0131l uyarlan\u0131r ve kullan\u0131l\u0131r<\/h2>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">BCcampus, P2PU<sup><a class=\"sdfootnoteanc\" href=\"#sdfootnote1sym\" name=\"sdfootnote1anc\">1<\/a><\/sup> portal\u0131na A\u00e7\u0131k Ders Kitaplar\u0131n\u0131 Benimseme konusunda k\u0131sa bir KA\u00c7D ekledi. Siz siteye eri\u015fti\u011finizde KA\u00c7D aktif olmasa bile, materyallerin b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funa ve videolara eri\u015febilirsiniz.<\/span><\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"western\">11.3.2 A\u00e7\u0131k ara\u015ft\u0131rma<\/h2>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">ABD, Kanada ve Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k gibi baz\u0131 \u00fclkelerin h\u00fck\u00fbmetleri, h\u00fck\u00fbmetin finanse etti\u011fi t\u00fcm ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n dijital formatta ve \u00fccretsiz olarak eri\u015filebilir olmas\u0131n\u0131 zorunlu k\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Kanada\u2019da Bilim ve Teknoloji Bakan\u0131 27 \u015eubat 2015 tarihli konu\u015fmas\u0131nda \u015f\u00f6yle s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir:<\/span><\/p>\n<span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><i><em class=\"western\">Uyumla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f Yay\u0131nlar \u0130\u00e7in \u00dc\u00e7 Tarafl\u0131 A\u00e7\u0131k Eri\u015fim Politikas\u0131 uyar\u0131nca, \u00fc\u00e7 federal hibe kurulu\u015fundan herhangi birinden finanse edilen ve hakemli dergilerde yay\u0131nlanan t\u00fcm makalelere 12 ay i\u00e7inde \u00fccretsiz olarak dijital ortamda eri\u015filebilmelidir.<\/em><\/i><\/span><\/span>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Yine Kanada\u2019da, h\u00e2len daha baz\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar olsa da Anayasa Mahkemesi kararlar\u0131 ve 2014\u2019de yay\u0131mlanan yeni yasal d\u00fczenlemelerle \u00e7evrim i\u00e7i materyallere e\u011fitim ama\u00e7l\u0131 olarak \u00fccretsiz eri\u015fmek ve kullanmak \u00e7ok kolay h\u00e2le gelmi\u015ftir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Elbette ki akademik dergi pazar\u0131na egemen olan yay\u0131nc\u0131lar bu kararla m\u00fccadele i\u00e7indedir. Akademik dergi alanda tan\u0131nan ve \u015f\u00f6hretli bir dergiyse ve yay\u0131nlar\u0131n de\u011ferlendirilmesinde a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k sahibiyse, ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 herkesin eri\u015fimine a\u00e7mak i\u00e7in yay\u0131nc\u0131lara bir miktar para \u00f6demek durumunda kalmaktad\u0131r. Tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f bir dergide yay\u0131n yapman\u0131n getirisi, ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n herhangi bir \u00fccret \u00f6demek zorunda kalmadan daha az prestijli a\u00e7\u0131k dergilerde yay\u0131n yapmalar\u0131nda cayd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 olmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Akademisyenlerin kendi hakemli dergilerini kurarak bu sisteme kar\u015f\u0131 sava\u015f a\u00e7mas\u0131 an meselesidir. Sayg\u0131n akademisyenler taraf\u0131ndan kurulacak b\u00f6yle bir derginin hem bas\u0131lacak makalelerin niteli\u011fi hem de bu dergilerde yay\u0131n yapacak ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n konumu a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00fcst d\u00fczey standartlarda olaca\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Bir kere daha alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izmek gerekir: A\u00e7\u0131k ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k, ancak en \u00fcst standartlarda yap\u0131lacak hakem incelemeleri, s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir bir i\u015f modeli \u00e7evresinde yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n yay\u0131n s\u00fcreci \u00fczerinde kontrol sahibi olmas\u0131yla m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olabilir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Bu nedenle de, zaman i\u00e7inde dergilerdeki hemen hemen t\u00fcm akademik ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131k ve \u00fccretsiz olarak eri\u015filebilir olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00fcmit edebiliriz.<\/span><\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"western\">11.3.3 A\u00e7\u0131k veri<\/h2>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">A\u00e7\u0131k verinin iki ana kayna\u011f\u0131 bilim ve h\u00fck\u00fbmetlerdir. \u00dcye \u00fclkelerde yerle\u015fik veri \u00fcreten kurum ve kurulu\u015flarla yap\u0131lan hararetli tart\u0131\u015fmalar sonras\u0131nda <i>OECD 2007 y\u0131l\u0131nda Kamu Kaynaklar\u0131ndan Finanse Edilen Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Verilerine Eri\u015fim \u0130le \u0130lgili OECD \u0130lkeleri ve Rehberi <\/i>`ni yay\u0131nlad\u0131. Bilimde, \u0130nsan Genom Projesi belki de a\u00e7\u0131k verinin en iyi \u00f6rne\u011fidir ve baz\u0131 ulusal veya eyalet h\u00fck\u00fbmetleri toplad\u0131klar\u0131 verilerin bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 da\u011f\u0131tmak i\u00e7in Kanada'daki B.C. (British Columbia) Veri Katalo\u011fu gibi internet siteleri olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur.<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">\u00c7ok \u00f6nemli veriler artan miktarda eri\u015filebilir h\u00e2le gelmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu veriler, \u00f6\u011frenme i\u00e7in son derece y\u00fcksek potansiyele sahip kaynaklard\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">A\u00e7\u0131k eri\u015fim, a\u00e7\u0131k e\u011fitim kaynaklar\u0131, a\u00e7\u0131k ders kitaplar\u0131 ve a\u00e7\u0131k veride ya\u015fanan geli\u015fmelerin \u00f6\u011frenme ve \u00f6\u011fretme a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemi, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki k\u0131s\u0131mda daha detayl\u0131 ele al\u0131nacakt\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"western\">Kaynak\u00e7a<\/h2>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\">Bates, T. (2015) Writing an online, open textbook: is it worth it? <\/span>Online Learning and Distance Education Resources<span style=\"color: #008000;\">, June 10<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\">Bernard, R. (2017) \u2018Open textbooks\u2019 catching on at BC colleges and universities <\/span>CityNews<span style=\"color: #008000;\">, February 10<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\">Caulfield, M. (2015) Asking What Students Spend on Textbooks Is the Wrong Question, <\/span>Hapgood<span style=\"color: #008000;\">, November 9<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\">DeNoyelles, A. and Raible, J. (2017) Exploring the Use of E-Textbooks in Higher Education: A Multiyear Study <\/span>EDUCAUSE Review<span style=\"color: #008000;\">, October 9<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Donovan, T. et al. (2018) <em class=\"western\"><i>Tracking Online and Distance Education in Canadian Universities and Colleges: 2018<\/i><\/em> Halifax NS: Canadian Digital Learning Research Association<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Florida Virtual Campus (2016) 2016 Florida Student Textbook &amp; Course Materials Survey. Tallahassee, FL.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\">Hill, P. (2015) How Much Do College Students Actually Pay For Textbooks? <\/span>e-Literate<span style=\"color: #008000;\">, March 25<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\">Jhangiani, R. and Jhangiani, S. (2017) Investigating the Perceptions, Use, and Impact of Open Textbooks: A survey of Post-Secondary Students in British <\/span><span style=\"color: #538135;\">Columbia International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning<\/span>,<span style=\"color: #008000;\"> Vol. 18, No.4<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Murphy, E. (2103) <em class=\"western\"><i>Day 2 panel discussion <\/i><\/em>Vancouver BC: COHERE 2013 conference<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">OECD (2017) OECD Principles and Guidelines for Access to Research Data from Public Funding Paris FR: OECD<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Etkinlik 11.3 Di\u011fer veri kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131<\/p>\n\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">1. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma alan\u0131n\u0131zla ilgili a\u00e7\u0131k ders kitaplar\u0131n\u0131n olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmek i\u00e7in OpenStax College, Open Academics Textbook Catalog ve B.C. a\u00e7\u0131k ders kitab\u0131 projesi web sitelerini inceleyiniz.<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">2. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma alan\u0131n\u0131zla ilgili a\u00e7\u0131k dergiler var m\u0131? (Bu dergilere eri\u015fim i\u00e7in bir k\u00fct\u00fcphaneciden yard\u0131m alabilirsiniz.) Makaleler kaliteli mi? E\u011fer bu alanda ara\u015ft\u0131rma yap\u0131yor olsalar, \u00f6\u011frencileriniz bu dergileri kullanabilir mi?<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">3. Derslerinizde kullanabilece\u011finiz verilere eri\u015fmek i\u00e7in hangi a\u00e7\u0131k veri sitelerini kullanabilece\u011finiz ile ilgili olarak k\u00fct\u00fcphanecinizle g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcz. \u00d6\u011frencileriniz bu veri sitelerini biraz yard\u0131mla kendileri bulabilirler mi? Siz veya onlar bu a\u00e7\u0131k verileri \u00f6\u011frenme s\u00fcrecinde nas\u0131l kullan\u0131rd\u0131n\u0131z?<\/span><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n&nbsp;\n\n<hr>\n\n<div id=\"sdfootnote1\">\n\n<a class=\"sdfootnotesym\" href=\"#sdfootnote1anc\" name=\"sdfootnote1sym\">1<\/a> \u00c7.N.: \u201cPeer 2 Peer University\u201d k\u0131salmas\u0131 olan P2PU, y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretime alternatif ve halka a\u00e7\u0131k olarak bireylerin belirli konularda birlikte \u00f6\u011frendikleri kurslar ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma gruplar\u0131 olu\u015fturmalar\u0131 ve d\u00fczenlemelerine izin veren, k\u00e2r amac\u0131 g\u00fctmeyen, \u00f6\u011frenme a\u011flar\u0131 ile gerek \u00e7evrim i\u00e7i gerek y\u00fczy\u00fcze e\u011fitim sa\u011flayan bir a\u00e7\u0131k \u00f6\u011frenme toplulu\u011fudur.\n\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"bc-aside aside\">\n<p class=\"para10\"><span class=\"span9\"><sup><a href=\"#calledF1\">6<\/a><\/sup>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/span> <span class=\"span9\">\u00c7.N.: \u201cPeer 2 Peer University\u201d k\u0131salmas\u0131 olan P2PU, y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretime alternatif ve halka a\u00e7\u0131k olarak bireylerin belirli konularda birlikte \u00f6\u011frendikleri kurslar ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma gruplar\u0131 olu\u015fturmalar\u0131 ve d\u00fczenlemelerine izin veren, k\u00e2r amac\u0131 g\u00fctmeyen, \u00f6\u011frenme a\u011flar\u0131 ile gerek \u00e7evrim i\u00e7i gerek y\u00fczy\u00fcze e\u011fitim sa\u011flayan bir a\u00e7\u0131k \u00f6\u011frenme toplulu\u011fudur.<\/span><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n&nbsp;\n","rendered":"<p class=\"para2\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"frame0\" src=\"http:\/\/acikkitap.com.tr\/dijital\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/09\/image0144.jpg\" alt=\"OEBPS\/images\/image0144.jpg\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><i>\u015eekil 11.3.1 Open Stax a\u00e7\u0131k ders kitaplar\u0131<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"western\">11.3.1 A\u00e7\u0131k ders kitaplar\u0131<\/h2>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Ders kitaplar\u0131, \u00f6\u011frenciler i\u00e7in giderek artan bir maliyet olmaya devam etmektedir. Baz\u0131 ders kitaplar\u0131n\u0131n maliyeti 200 $ veya daha fazlad\u0131r ve ABD&#8217;de bir \u00fcniversite lisans harc\u0131yor <span style=\"color: #008000;\"> ders kitaplar\u0131nda y\u0131lda ortalama 530 $ &#8211; 640 $ aras\u0131nda (Hill, <\/span><em class=\"western\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><i> 2015 <\/i><\/span><\/em><span style=\"color: #008000;\"> ), maliyeti \u00f6nerilen ders kitaplar\u0131 968 $ ile 1221 $ aras\u0131nda (Caulfield, 2015 ).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Di\u011fer taraftan a\u00e7\u0131k ders kitaplar\u0131, ticari ama\u00e7 g\u00fctmemek veya e\u011fitim ama\u00e7l\u0131 olmak kayd\u0131yla \u00fccretsiz olarak indirilebilen, a\u00e7\u0131k lisansl\u0131, dijital yay\u0131nlard\u0131r. \u015eu anda a\u00e7\u0131k bir ders kitab\u0131 okuyorsunuz. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde, a\u00e7\u0131k ders kitaplar\u0131n\u0131n yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7ok say\u0131da kaynak bulunmaktad\u0131r: Rice \u00dcniversitesinin OpenStax Koleji ve Minnesota \u00dcniversitesinin A\u00e7\u0131k Akademik Ders Kitaplar\u0131 Katalo\u011fu gibi.<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">British Columbia&#8217;da, eyalet h\u00fck\u00fbmeti ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta Alberta ve Saskatchewan illerinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra Kanada AEK Grubu \u00fczerinden <span style=\"color: #008000;\">di\u011fer illerle de i\u015f birli\u011fi yapan B.C. a\u00e7\u0131k ders kitab\u0131 projesine yat\u0131r\u0131m yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span> B.C. a\u00e7\u0131k ders kitab\u0131 projesi, en y\u00fcksek kay\u0131tl\u0131 akademik konu alanlar\u0131nda ve ayr\u0131ca ticaret ve beceri e\u011fitiminde a\u00e7\u0131k lisansl\u0131 ders kitaplar\u0131n\u0131 sunmaya odaklanmaktad\u0131r. Di\u011fer benzer kaynaklar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funda oldu\u011fu gibi B.C. projesinde de t\u00fcm kitaplar se\u00e7ilmi\u015f, hakem incelemesinden ge\u00e7mi\u015f ve baz\u0131 durumlarda \u00fcniversitenin kendi \u00f6\u011fretim elemanlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu kitaplar s\u0131kl\u0131kla, yeni bilgi anlam\u0131nda \u2018\u00f6zg\u00fcn\u2019 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar de\u011fildir; ancak farkl\u0131 konu alanlar\u0131ndaki mevcut anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerin iyi bir \u015fekilde betimlendi\u011fi \u00e7ok dikkatle ve \u00f6zenle yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f eserlerdir.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"western\">11.3.1.1 A\u00e7\u0131k ders kitaplar\u0131n\u0131n avantajlar\u0131<\/h2>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">\u00d6\u011frenciler ve h\u00fck\u00fbmetler, gerek hibe gerek mali yard\u0131m kullanarak, ders kitaplar\u0131na her sene milyarlarca dolar \u00f6demektedir. A\u00e7\u0131k ders kitaplar\u0131, e\u011fitim maliyetini azaltmada \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir etki yaratabilir. <span style=\"color: #008000;\"> Britanya Kolumbiyas\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fbmeti, BC A\u00e7\u0131k Ders Kitab\u0131 projesinin ildeki yakla\u015f\u0131k 300.000 orta\u00f6\u011fretim sonras\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenciyi 2012-2017 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda ders kitab\u0131nda 4 milyon dolardan daha fazla kurtard\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tahmin ediyor (Bernard, 2017 ).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Cable Green\u2019in a\u00e7\u0131k ders kitaplar\u0131yla ilgili vizyonu \u015f\u00f6yle: \u00f6\u011frencilerin y\u00fczde 100\u2019\u00fcn\u00fcn okulun ilk g\u00fcn\u00fcnde t\u00fcm materyallere dijital ortamda ve \u00fccretsiz olarak y\u00fczde 100 eri\u015fim sa\u011flamas\u0131&#8230; Bug\u00fcn art\u0131k durum \u00e7ok farkl\u0131..<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Merkez Florida \u00dcniversitesinden DeNoyelles ve Raible (2017)&#8217;nin bulgular\u0131na g\u00f6re y\u00fcksek maliyet y\u00fcz\u00fcnden:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Ankete kat\u0131lanlar\u0131n y\u00fczde 30&#8217;u en az bir kez ders kitab\u0131 almamay\u0131 tercih etmi\u015ftir,<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Y\u00fczde 41&#8217;i ders kitab\u0131 sat\u0131n almay\u0131 ertelemi\u015ftir ve<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Y\u00fczde 15&#8217;i daha az ders alm\u0131\u015f ya da belli bir dersi hi\u00e7 almamaya karar vermi\u015ftir.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">DeNoyelles ve Raible \u015fu sonuca varm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">ders kitaplar\u0131n\u0131n maliyeti, \u00f6\u011frencilerin gerekli materyallere eri\u015fimini (% 66.6&#8217;s\u0131 gerekli ders kitab\u0131n\u0131 sat\u0131n almam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r) ve \u00f6\u011frenmeyi (% 37.6&#8217;s\u0131 zay\u0131f bir not alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r; % 19.8&#8217;i bir dersten ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z olmu\u015ftur) olumsuz etkilemektedir.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Florida Sanal Kamp\u00fcs\u00fc taraf\u0131ndan y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen Florida&#8217;daki t\u00fcm orta\u00f6\u011fretim mezunu \u00f6\u011frencilerle yap\u0131lan bir ara\u015ft\u0131rma(2016), ders kitaplar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcksek maliyetleri nedeniyle:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">mezuniyet ve \/ veya derslere eri\u015fim s\u00fcresi maliyetten etkilenir. \u00d6\u011frenciler ara s\u0131ra veya s\u0131k s\u0131k<\/span><\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">daha az ders ald\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 (47.6%);<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">herhangi bir derse hi\u00e7 kaydolmad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 (45.5%);<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">dersi b\u0131rakt\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 (26.1%), veya<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">kurstan \u00e7ekildiklerini (20.7%) belirtmi\u015flerdir.<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Dikkate al\u0131nmas\u0131 gereken ba\u015fka konular da vard\u0131r. \u00dcniversitelerin a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilk d\u00f6nemin ilk haftas\u0131nda, kamp\u00fcsteki kitap\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcnde uzun kuyruklar olu\u015fur ve \u00f6\u011frenciler, \u00e7ok de\u011ferli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma zamanlar\u0131n\u0131 bu kuyruklarda bekleyerek harcarlar. Di\u011fer \u00f6\u011frencilerden ikinci el kitap arayan \u00f6\u011frencileri de d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fczde, kitaplar\u0131n \u00f6\u011frencilerin eline ge\u00e7mesi d\u00f6nemin ikinci veya \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc haftas\u0131n\u0131 bulabilmektedir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Peki ni\u00e7in h\u00fck\u00fbmetler arac\u0131 kurumlar\u0131 (ticari yay\u0131n evleri) aradan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131p ders kitaplar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcreticilerine do\u011frudan \u00f6deme yapm\u0131yor ve b\u00f6ylece maliyetin y\u00fczde 80 fazlas\u0131ndan tasarruf etmiyor? Ni\u00e7in bu kitaplar\u0131 Creative Common lisans\u0131 alt\u0131nda \u00f6\u011frencilerle (veya isteyen herkesle) internet \u00fczerinden \u00fccretsiz olarak payla\u015fm\u0131yor?<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"para2\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"frame0\" src=\"http:\/\/acikkitap.com.tr\/dijital\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/09\/image0145.jpg\" alt=\"OEBPS\/images\/image0145.jpg\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><i>\u015eekil 11.3.2 A\u00e7\u0131k ders kitaplar\u0131: kitap\u00e7\u0131 dizisi yok! G\u00f6rsel: Saskatoon StarPhoenix<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"western\">11.3.1.2 A\u00e7\u0131k ders kitaplar\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131<\/h2>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Fak\u00fclte direni\u015fi a\u00e7\u0131k ders kitaplar\u0131 i\u00e7in h\u00e2la bir problemdir. 2017&#8217;de Kanada&#8217;daki t\u00fcm orta\u00f6\u011fretim sonras\u0131 kurumlar\u0131n yar\u0131s\u0131 ila \u00fc\u00e7te ikisinde a\u00e7\u0131k ders kitaplar\u0131 kabul edilmi\u015fti ve y\u00fczde 20&#8217;si de kullan\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yordu. Ancak, bu illere g\u00f6re \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde de\u011fi\u015fiklik g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Britanya Kolumbiyas\u0131&#8217;nda, t\u00fcm lise sonras\u0131 kurumlar\u0131n y\u00fczde 90&#8217;\u0131 baz\u0131 dersler i\u00e7in a\u00e7\u0131k ders kitaplar\u0131 alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r; Saskatchewan ve Quebec&#8217;te, kurumlar\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7te birinden az\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k ders kitaplar\u0131 kullanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (Donovan vd., 2018). Bu, a\u00e7\u0131k ders kitaplar\u0131 i\u00e7in devlet deste\u011finin etkisini a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6stermektedir. A\u00e7\u0131k ders kitab\u0131na ge\u00e7i\u015f en \u00e7ok \u00fcniversitelerde ve b\u00fcy\u00fck kurumlarda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015ftir. Donovan vd. ayr\u0131ca a\u00e7\u0131k ders kitaplar\u0131 ve OER kullan\u0131m\u0131 konusunda e\u011fitmenlerin bilgi eksikli\u011fi ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve e\u011fitime ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 oldu\u011funu tespit etmi\u015ftir..<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Murphy (2013) a\u00e7\u0131k olsun ya da olmas\u0131n ders kitaplar\u0131 fikrini sorgular. Ders kitaplar\u0131n\u0131 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l sanayicili\u011finin bir kal\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131, bir t\u00fcr kitle <span style=\"color: #008000;\">yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcr.<\/span>21. y\u00fczy\u0131lda \u00f6\u011frenciler internet \u00fczerinden dijital materyalleri bulmal\u0131, bunlara eri\u015fmeli ve toplamal\u0131d\u0131r. Ders kitaplar\u0131nda b\u00fct\u00fcn i\u015fi, \u00f6\u011frenciler ad\u0131na yazarlar yapmaktad\u0131r. Bununla birlikte ders kitaplar\u0131n\u0131n h\u00e2len daha en temel e\u011fitim bi\u00e7imleri i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erli oldu\u011funu kabul etmek gerekir. A\u00e7\u0131k ders kitaplar\u0131 \u00f6\u011fenciler i\u00e7in pahal\u0131 ders kitaplar\u0131ndan \u00e7ok daha iyi bir alternatiftir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Kalite de sorun olmaya devam ediyor. &#8220;\u00dccretsiz&#8221; ifadesinin k\u00f6t\u00fc kalite anlam\u0131na geldi\u011fine ili\u015fkin yerle\u015fik bir \u00f6nyarg\u0131 vard\u0131r. Bu Nedenle, AEK kalitesi ile ilgili ayn\u0131 \u00f6nyarg\u0131lar a\u00e7\u0131k ders kitaplar\u0131 i\u00e7in de ge\u00e7erlidir. Yay\u0131nc\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan bas\u0131lan pahal\u0131 ders kitaplar\u0131nda, konulara g\u00f6m\u00fcl\u00fc etkinlikler, ek materyaller ve hatta de\u011ferlendirme sorular\u0131 yer almaktad\u0131r. <span style=\"color: #008000;\"> Bununla birlikte Jhangiani ve Jhangiani ( 2017 ), British Columbia&#8217;da derslerinden biri veya daha fazlas\u0131 i\u00e7in a\u00e7\u0131k bir ders kitab\u0131 kullanan 320 lisans \u00f6\u011frencisi \u00fczerinde yap\u0131lan bir ankette, kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n % 96&#8217;s\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131k ders kitaplar\u0131n\u0131n kalitesinin ticari bir ders kitab\u0131na e\u015fit veya \u00fcst\u00fcn olarak alg\u0131lad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tespit etmi\u015ftir.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Benim de i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fum bir grup ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 ise \u00e7ok dar kapsaml\u0131 oldu\u011fu veya standart \u00f6\u011fretim program\u0131 i\u00e7inde yer almad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gerek\u00e7esiyle devlet taraf\u0131ndan desteklenmeyebilecek \u00f6zg\u00fcn eserlerin olu\u015fturulmas\u0131nda \u2018a\u00e7\u0131k\u2019 yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n bir etkisi olup olmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sorgulamaktad\u0131r. E\u011fer g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi \u00e7aba i\u00e7in maddi bir fayda sa\u011flamayacaksa, ki\u015fi \u00f6zg\u00fcn bir eser yay\u0131mlamaya nas\u0131l te\u015fvik edilir? Yay\u0131nlansa dahi tek yazarl\u0131 \u00f6zg\u00fcn bir kitab\u0131n yaz\u0131lmas\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7 bir i\u015ftir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde bir\u00e7ok `a\u00e7\u0131k\u2019 yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k hizmet varsa da bir yazar\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcn bir eser olu\u015fturmas\u0131n\u0131n bir maliyeti vard\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin, kitapta kullan\u0131lacak grafiklerin olu\u015fturulmas\u0131 veya kitab\u0131n edit\u00f6rl\u00fck ya da son okuma masraflar\u0131n\u0131 kim kar\u015f\u0131layacak? Blo\u011fumu bu kitab\u0131n b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerini genel olarak incelemek i\u00e7in kulland\u0131m ve bu son derece yararl\u0131 oldu. <span style=\"color: #008000;\">Yine de, bu kitap i\u00e7in yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir inceleme i\u00e7in en kaliteli ele\u015ftirmenlere ba\u015fvurulabilir (\u00f6rn. Ek 3<\/span>). <span style=\"color: #008000;\"> Hem BCcampus hem de Contact North&#8217;tan \u00fccretsiz teknik destek ald\u0131m, ancak di\u011fer potansiyel a\u00e7\u0131k ders kitab\u0131 yazarlar\u0131n\u0131n bu t\u00fcr eri\u015fimleri olmayabilir.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Ba\u015fka bir konu da pazarlama&#8230; Kitaplar\u0131 etkin olarak pazarlayabilmek i\u00e7in zaman ve uzmanl\u0131k bilgisi gerekiyor. Di\u011fer taraftan, ticari olarak on iki kitap yay\u0131nlam\u0131\u015f biri olarak benim kendi deneyimim, yay\u0131nc\u0131lar\u0131n ders kitaplar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczg\u00fcn bir \u015fekilde pazarlamada hi\u00e7 yeterli olmad\u0131klar\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde; hatta t\u00fcm sat\u0131\u015f gelirinin neredeyse y\u00fczde 85-90\u2019\u0131n\u0131 almalar\u0131na ra\u011fmen yazarlar\u0131n kitaplar\u0131n\u0131 kendilerinin pazarlamas\u0131n\u0131 bekliyorlar. Bununla birlikte a\u00e7\u0131k ders kitaplar\u0131n\u0131n pazarlanmas\u0131nda da ger\u00e7ek maliyetlerin oldu\u011funu not almal\u0131y\u0131z.<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">T\u00fcm bu masraflar nas\u0131l kar\u015f\u0131lanacak? \u00d6zg\u00fcn bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n kitap format\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131k olarak yay\u0131nlanmas\u0131n\u0131 desteklemek i\u00e7in \u00e7ok fazla gayret g\u00f6sterilmesi gerekmektedir. Peki e\u011fer b\u00f6yleyse bilginin nas\u0131l olu\u015fturulaca\u011f\u0131, da\u011f\u0131t\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 ve korunaca\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bu ne anlama gelmektedir? A\u00e7\u0131k ders kitab\u0131 yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olabilmesi i\u00e7in yeni ve s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir i\u015f modellerinin geli\u015ftirilmesi gerekmektedir. A\u00e7\u0131k ders kitaplar\u0131 i\u00e7in bir devlet katk\u0131s\u0131 veya farkl\u0131 bir mali destek olana\u011f\u0131 sa\u011flanmas\u0131 mutlaka gerekecektir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Tart\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z b\u00fct\u00fcn bu konular \u00f6nemli kayg\u0131lar olsa da \u00fcstesinden gelinemez sorunlar de\u011fildirler. Ana ders kitaplar\u0131n\u0131n belli bir oran\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6\u011frencilerin \u00fccretsiz eri\u015fimine a\u00e7\u0131k olmas\u0131, \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ad\u0131md\u0131r. Bu kitab\u0131n ilk bask\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 yazman\u0131n de\u011ferli olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmek i\u00e7in bkz. &#8216;\u00e7evrim i\u00e7i Kitap Yazma: Buna De\u011fer Mi?&#8217; (Bates, 2015 )<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"western\">11.3.1.3 Bir a\u00e7\u0131k ders kitab\u0131 nas\u0131l uyarlan\u0131r ve kullan\u0131l\u0131r<\/h2>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">BCcampus, P2PU<sup><a class=\"sdfootnoteanc\" href=\"#sdfootnote1sym\" name=\"sdfootnote1anc\" id=\"sdfootnote1anc\">1<\/a><\/sup> portal\u0131na A\u00e7\u0131k Ders Kitaplar\u0131n\u0131 Benimseme konusunda k\u0131sa bir KA\u00c7D ekledi. Siz siteye eri\u015fti\u011finizde KA\u00c7D aktif olmasa bile, materyallerin b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funa ve videolara eri\u015febilirsiniz.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"western\">11.3.2 A\u00e7\u0131k ara\u015ft\u0131rma<\/h2>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">ABD, Kanada ve Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k gibi baz\u0131 \u00fclkelerin h\u00fck\u00fbmetleri, h\u00fck\u00fbmetin finanse etti\u011fi t\u00fcm ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n dijital formatta ve \u00fccretsiz olarak eri\u015filebilir olmas\u0131n\u0131 zorunlu k\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Kanada\u2019da Bilim ve Teknoloji Bakan\u0131 27 \u015eubat 2015 tarihli konu\u015fmas\u0131nda \u015f\u00f6yle s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><i><em class=\"western\">Uyumla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f Yay\u0131nlar \u0130\u00e7in \u00dc\u00e7 Tarafl\u0131 A\u00e7\u0131k Eri\u015fim Politikas\u0131 uyar\u0131nca, \u00fc\u00e7 federal hibe kurulu\u015fundan herhangi birinden finanse edilen ve hakemli dergilerde yay\u0131nlanan t\u00fcm makalelere 12 ay i\u00e7inde \u00fccretsiz olarak dijital ortamda eri\u015filebilmelidir.<\/em><\/i><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Yine Kanada\u2019da, h\u00e2len daha baz\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar olsa da Anayasa Mahkemesi kararlar\u0131 ve 2014\u2019de yay\u0131mlanan yeni yasal d\u00fczenlemelerle \u00e7evrim i\u00e7i materyallere e\u011fitim ama\u00e7l\u0131 olarak \u00fccretsiz eri\u015fmek ve kullanmak \u00e7ok kolay h\u00e2le gelmi\u015ftir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Elbette ki akademik dergi pazar\u0131na egemen olan yay\u0131nc\u0131lar bu kararla m\u00fccadele i\u00e7indedir. Akademik dergi alanda tan\u0131nan ve \u015f\u00f6hretli bir dergiyse ve yay\u0131nlar\u0131n de\u011ferlendirilmesinde a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k sahibiyse, ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 herkesin eri\u015fimine a\u00e7mak i\u00e7in yay\u0131nc\u0131lara bir miktar para \u00f6demek durumunda kalmaktad\u0131r. Tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f bir dergide yay\u0131n yapman\u0131n getirisi, ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n herhangi bir \u00fccret \u00f6demek zorunda kalmadan daha az prestijli a\u00e7\u0131k dergilerde yay\u0131n yapmalar\u0131nda cayd\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 olmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Akademisyenlerin kendi hakemli dergilerini kurarak bu sisteme kar\u015f\u0131 sava\u015f a\u00e7mas\u0131 an meselesidir. Sayg\u0131n akademisyenler taraf\u0131ndan kurulacak b\u00f6yle bir derginin hem bas\u0131lacak makalelerin niteli\u011fi hem de bu dergilerde yay\u0131n yapacak ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n konumu a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00fcst d\u00fczey standartlarda olaca\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Bir kere daha alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izmek gerekir: A\u00e7\u0131k ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k, ancak en \u00fcst standartlarda yap\u0131lacak hakem incelemeleri, s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir bir i\u015f modeli \u00e7evresinde yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar\u0131n yay\u0131n s\u00fcreci \u00fczerinde kontrol sahibi olmas\u0131yla m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olabilir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Bu nedenle de, zaman i\u00e7inde dergilerdeki hemen hemen t\u00fcm akademik ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131k ve \u00fccretsiz olarak eri\u015filebilir olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00fcmit edebiliriz.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"western\">11.3.3 A\u00e7\u0131k veri<\/h2>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">A\u00e7\u0131k verinin iki ana kayna\u011f\u0131 bilim ve h\u00fck\u00fbmetlerdir. \u00dcye \u00fclkelerde yerle\u015fik veri \u00fcreten kurum ve kurulu\u015flarla yap\u0131lan hararetli tart\u0131\u015fmalar sonras\u0131nda <i>OECD 2007 y\u0131l\u0131nda Kamu Kaynaklar\u0131ndan Finanse Edilen Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Verilerine Eri\u015fim \u0130le \u0130lgili OECD \u0130lkeleri ve Rehberi <\/i>`ni yay\u0131nlad\u0131. Bilimde, \u0130nsan Genom Projesi belki de a\u00e7\u0131k verinin en iyi \u00f6rne\u011fidir ve baz\u0131 ulusal veya eyalet h\u00fck\u00fbmetleri toplad\u0131klar\u0131 verilerin bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 da\u011f\u0131tmak i\u00e7in Kanada&#8217;daki B.C. (British Columbia) Veri Katalo\u011fu gibi internet siteleri olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur.<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">\u00c7ok \u00f6nemli veriler artan miktarda eri\u015filebilir h\u00e2le gelmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu veriler, \u00f6\u011frenme i\u00e7in son derece y\u00fcksek potansiyele sahip kaynaklard\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">A\u00e7\u0131k eri\u015fim, a\u00e7\u0131k e\u011fitim kaynaklar\u0131, a\u00e7\u0131k ders kitaplar\u0131 ve a\u00e7\u0131k veride ya\u015fanan geli\u015fmelerin \u00f6\u011frenme ve \u00f6\u011fretme a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemi, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki k\u0131s\u0131mda daha detayl\u0131 ele al\u0131nacakt\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"western\">Kaynak\u00e7a<\/h2>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\">Bates, T. (2015) Writing an online, open textbook: is it worth it? <\/span>Online Learning and Distance Education Resources<span style=\"color: #008000;\">, June 10<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\">Bernard, R. (2017) \u2018Open textbooks\u2019 catching on at BC colleges and universities <\/span>CityNews<span style=\"color: #008000;\">, February 10<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\">Caulfield, M. (2015) Asking What Students Spend on Textbooks Is the Wrong Question, <\/span>Hapgood<span style=\"color: #008000;\">, November 9<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\">DeNoyelles, A. and Raible, J. (2017) Exploring the Use of E-Textbooks in Higher Education: A Multiyear Study <\/span>EDUCAUSE Review<span style=\"color: #008000;\">, October 9<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Donovan, T. et al. (2018) <em class=\"western\"><i>Tracking Online and Distance Education in Canadian Universities and Colleges: 2018<\/i><\/em> Halifax NS: Canadian Digital Learning Research Association<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Florida Virtual Campus (2016) 2016 Florida Student Textbook &amp; Course Materials Survey. Tallahassee, FL.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\">Hill, P. (2015) How Much Do College Students Actually Pay For Textbooks? <\/span>e-Literate<span style=\"color: #008000;\">, March 25<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\">Jhangiani, R. and Jhangiani, S. (2017) Investigating the Perceptions, Use, and Impact of Open Textbooks: A survey of Post-Secondary Students in British <\/span><span style=\"color: #538135;\">Columbia International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning<\/span>,<span style=\"color: #008000;\"> Vol. 18, No.4<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Murphy, E. (2103) <em class=\"western\"><i>Day 2 panel discussion <\/i><\/em>Vancouver BC: COHERE 2013 conference<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">OECD (2017) OECD Principles and Guidelines for Access to Research Data from Public Funding Paris FR: OECD<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Etkinlik 11.3 Di\u011fer veri kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">1. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma alan\u0131n\u0131zla ilgili a\u00e7\u0131k ders kitaplar\u0131n\u0131n olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmek i\u00e7in OpenStax College, Open Academics Textbook Catalog ve B.C. a\u00e7\u0131k ders kitab\u0131 projesi web sitelerini inceleyiniz.<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">2. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma alan\u0131n\u0131zla ilgili a\u00e7\u0131k dergiler var m\u0131? (Bu dergilere eri\u015fim i\u00e7in bir k\u00fct\u00fcphaneciden yard\u0131m alabilirsiniz.) Makaleler kaliteli mi? E\u011fer bu alanda ara\u015ft\u0131rma yap\u0131yor olsalar, \u00f6\u011frencileriniz bu dergileri kullanabilir mi?<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">3. Derslerinizde kullanabilece\u011finiz verilere eri\u015fmek i\u00e7in hangi a\u00e7\u0131k veri sitelerini kullanabilece\u011finiz ile ilgili olarak k\u00fct\u00fcphanecinizle g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcz. \u00d6\u011frencileriniz bu veri sitelerini biraz yard\u0131mla kendileri bulabilirler mi? Siz veya onlar bu a\u00e7\u0131k verileri \u00f6\u011frenme s\u00fcrecinde nas\u0131l kullan\u0131rd\u0131n\u0131z?<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<div id=\"sdfootnote1\">\n<p><a class=\"sdfootnotesym\" href=\"#sdfootnote1anc\" name=\"sdfootnote1sym\" id=\"sdfootnote1sym\">1<\/a> \u00c7.N.: \u201cPeer 2 Peer University\u201d k\u0131salmas\u0131 olan P2PU, y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretime alternatif ve halka a\u00e7\u0131k olarak bireylerin belirli konularda birlikte \u00f6\u011frendikleri kurslar ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma gruplar\u0131 olu\u015fturmalar\u0131 ve d\u00fczenlemelerine izin veren, k\u00e2r amac\u0131 g\u00fctmeyen, \u00f6\u011frenme a\u011flar\u0131 ile gerek \u00e7evrim i\u00e7i gerek y\u00fczy\u00fcze e\u011fitim sa\u011flayan bir a\u00e7\u0131k \u00f6\u011frenme toplulu\u011fudur.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"bc-aside aside\">\n<p class=\"para10\"><span class=\"span9\"><sup><a href=\"#calledF1\">6<\/a><\/sup>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/span> <span class=\"span9\">\u00c7.N.: \u201cPeer 2 Peer University\u201d k\u0131salmas\u0131 olan P2PU, y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretime alternatif ve halka a\u00e7\u0131k olarak bireylerin belirli konularda birlikte \u00f6\u011frendikleri kurslar ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma gruplar\u0131 olu\u015fturmalar\u0131 ve d\u00fczenlemelerine izin veren, k\u00e2r amac\u0131 g\u00fctmeyen, \u00f6\u011frenme a\u011flar\u0131 ile gerek \u00e7evrim i\u00e7i gerek y\u00fczy\u00fcze e\u011fitim sa\u011flayan bir a\u00e7\u0131k \u00f6\u011frenme toplulu\u011fudur.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"menu_order":4,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[48],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-272","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry","chapter-type-numberless"],"part":262,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/acikkitap.com.tr\/dijital\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/272","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/acikkitap.com.tr\/dijital\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/acikkitap.com.tr\/dijital\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/acikkitap.com.tr\/dijital\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/acikkitap.com.tr\/dijital\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/272\/revisions"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/acikkitap.com.tr\/dijital\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/262"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/acikkitap.com.tr\/dijital\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/272\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/acikkitap.com.tr\/dijital\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=272"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/acikkitap.com.tr\/dijital\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=272"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/acikkitap.com.tr\/dijital\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=272"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/acikkitap.com.tr\/dijital\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=272"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}