{"id":282,"date":"2020-09-03T15:37:12","date_gmt":"2020-09-03T12:37:12","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/acikkitap.com.tr\/dijital\/chapter\/__unknown__-119\/"},"modified":"2020-09-03T15:37:12","modified_gmt":"2020-09-03T12:37:12","slug":"__unknown__-119","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/acikkitap.com.tr\/dijital\/chapter\/__unknown__-119\/","title":{"raw":"12.1 Dijital \u00e7a\u011fda \u00f6\u011fretimin kalitesi dedi\u011fimizde ne kastediyoruz?","rendered":"12.1 Dijital \u00e7a\u011fda \u00f6\u011fretimin kalitesi dedi\u011fimizde ne kastediyoruz?"},"content":{"raw":"\n<p class=\"para2\"><img class=\"frame0\" src=\"http:\/\/acikkitap.com.tr\/dijital\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/09\/image0151.jpg\" alt=\"OEBPS\/images\/image0151.jpg\"><\/p>\n<span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><i>\u015eekil 12.1.1 Kalite ile ne demek istiyoruz?\nG\u00f6rsel: \u00a9 Wikipedia Commons<\/i><\/span><\/span>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Bu kitab\u0131n \u00f6nceki b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerini okuduysan\u0131z, dijital \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n \u00f6\u011frencilerinin ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131yla ilgili konular\u0131n yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir \u00e7er\u00e7eve i\u00e7inde sunulan \u00f6nemli miktarda felsefi, g\u00f6rg\u00fcl, teknolojik ve y\u00f6netsel bilgiye maruz kalm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funuzu s\u00f6yleyebilirim. Bu ad\u0131mlar\u0131n, t\u00fcm bu fikirleri ve kavramlar\u0131 g\u00fcnl\u00fck ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131zdaki \u00f6\u011fretim durumlar\u0131na uygulayabilmenize yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmas\u0131n\u0131 umuyorum.<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bu b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn amac\u0131, dijital \u00e7a\u011fda \u00f6\u011fretimin kalitesine dair \u00f6\u011fretmenlere ve \u00f6\u011fretim elemanlar\u0131na pratik bir rehber sa\u011flamakt\u0131r. <span style=\"color: #008000;\"> Bu, bu kitaptaki \u00f6nceki t\u00fcm b\u00f6l\u00fcmleri \u00e7izmek anlam\u0131na gelecektir, bu nedenle daha \u00f6nceki b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerin i\u00e7eri\u011finin bu b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz olarak bir miktar tekrar olacakt\u0131r. Burada ama\u00e7, dijital \u00e7a\u011fa uygun kaliteli, dijital tabanl\u0131 dersler ve programlar geli\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in her \u015feyi bir araya getirmektir..<\/span> Ancak buna ge\u00e7meden \u00f6nce, \u00f6\u011fretme ve \u00f6\u011frenmede \u2018kalite\u2019 dedi\u011fimde ne kastetti\u011fimi a\u00e7\u0131klamam gerekir; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc burada \u2018kalite\u2019 kavram\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ok \u00f6zel bir\u015feyi vurgulamak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131yorum.<\/span><\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"western\">12.1.1 Tan\u0131mlar<\/h2>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">E\u011fitim alan\u0131nda, \u2018kalite\u2019 kadar tart\u0131\u015fmaya ve uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011fa yol a\u00e7an ba\u015fka bir konu oldu\u011funu zannetmiyorum. Bu konuda bir\u00e7ok kitap yaz\u0131ld\u0131, ancak ben laf\u0131 uzatmay\u0131p benim kalite tan\u0131m\u0131m\u0131 vermek istiyorum. Bu kitapta kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 amaca g\u00f6re `kalite\u2019yi \u015f\u00f6yle tan\u0131ml\u0131yorum:<\/span><\/p>\n<span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><i><em class=\"western\">\u00f6\u011frencilerin dijital \u00e7a\u011fda ihtiya\u00e7 duyacaklar\u0131 bilgi ve becerileri geli\u015ftirmelerine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olacak \u00f6\u011fretim y\u00f6ntemleri.<\/em><\/i><\/span><\/span>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Bu, tabii benim \u2018kalite\u2019nin ne oldu\u011funa dair k\u0131sa cevab\u0131m... Daha uzun bir cevap vermek istersek, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki unsurlar\u0131 da dikkate almam\u0131z gerekir:<\/span><\/p>\n\n<ul>\n \t<li><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">kurum ve diploma akreditasyonu;<\/span><\/li>\n \t<li><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">i\u00e7 (akademik) kalite g\u00fcvence s\u00fcre\u00e7leri;<\/span><\/li>\n \t<li><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">kalite g\u00fcvencesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan geleneksel s\u0131n\u0131f i\u00e7i \u00f6\u011fretim ile \u00e7evrim i\u00e7i ve uzaktan e\u011fitim aras\u0131ndaki farkl\u0131l\u0131klar;<\/span><\/li>\n \t<li><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">kalite g\u00fcvence s\u00fcre\u00e7leri ve \u00f6\u011frenme \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131lar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fki;<\/span><\/li>\n \t<li>\u2018<span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">amaca uygun kalite g\u00fcvencesi\u2019: dijital \u00e7a\u011fda e\u011fitimin ama\u00e7lar\u0131na ula\u015fmak.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Bu unsurlar, b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn sonunda sizlerle payla\u015faca\u011f\u0131m kaliteli bir \u00f6\u011fretim i\u00e7in \u00f6nerilerimin de temelini olu\u015fturacakt\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"western\">12.1.2 Kurum ve diploma akreditasyonu<\/h2>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">\u00c7o\u011fu h\u00fck\u00fbmet, kurumlar\u0131n uygun \u015fekilde akredite olmas\u0131n\u0131, verdikleri yeterliliklerin ge\u00e7erli olmas\u0131n\u0131 ve \u2018kaliteli\u2019 olarak tan\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 temin etmek suretiyle e\u011fitim pazar\u0131ndaki t\u00fcketicileri koruma alt\u0131na almak ister. Bununla birlikte kurumlar\u0131n ve verdikleri diplomalar\u0131n akreditasyon bi\u00e7imleri belirgin farkl\u0131l\u0131klar g\u00f6sterir. En b\u00fcy\u00fck fark, ABD ile di\u011fer t\u00fcm \u00fclkeler aras\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">ABD E\u011fitim Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n E\u011fitim Bilgi A\u011f\u0131\u2019nda, ABD\u2019de akreditasyon ve kalite g\u00fcvencesinin tan\u0131m\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibi ifade edilir:<\/span><\/p>\n<span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><i><em class=\"western\">Akreditasyon, okullar\u0131n, \u00fcniversitelerin ve di\u011fer e\u011fitim kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n akademi, y\u00f6netim ve di\u011fer ilgili hizmetlere ili\u015fkin asgari kalite ve b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fck standartlar\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koymak ve bu standartlar\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131n\u0131 temin etmek \u00fczere ABD e\u011fitim sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde kullan\u0131lan bir s\u00fcre\u00e7tir. Akreditasyon, akademik \u00f6zerklik ilkesini temel alan g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc bir s\u00fcre\u00e7tir. Okullar, \u00fcniversiteler ve programlar (fak\u00fclteler) akreditasyon s\u00fcrecine kat\u0131l\u0131m sa\u011flar. Akreditasyon \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fcten kurulu\u015flar, akreditasyon s\u00fcrecini y\u00fcr\u00fctmek i\u00e7in gerekli prosed\u00fcrleri ve \u00fcyelik standartlar\u0131n\u0131 belirleyen ve y\u00fcr\u00fcten, belli konularda uzmanl\u0131k sahibi kurum ve ki\u015filerden olu\u015fan ortakl\u0131klard\u0131r.<\/em><\/i><\/span><\/span>\n\n<span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><i><em class=\"western\">Hem federal h\u00fck\u00fbmet hem de eyaletler, akreditasyonu kurumlar\u0131n hem de programlar\u0131n me\u015fruiyetini temin mekanizmas\u0131 olarak kabul ederler. Uluslararas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131dan tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f, yetkili bir akreditasyon birimi taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan akreditasyonlar, ulusal e\u011fitim sistemlerine ait kurumlar\u0131n bakanl\u0131klar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan tan\u0131nmaya e\u015fde\u011fer kabul edilir.<\/em><\/i><\/span><\/span>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Ba\u015fka bir ifadeyle, ABD\u2019de akreditasyon ve kalite g\u00fcvencesi e\u011fitim kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n kendi akreditasyon birimlerinin kontrol\u00fc alt\u0131nda etkin bir \u015fekilde d\u00fczenlenir ve y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcl\u00fcr. Bununla birlikte h\u00fck\u00fbmetin birtak\u0131m yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n oldu\u011funu da s\u00f6ylemeliyim: ABD E\u011fitim Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n standartlar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kurumlar\u0131n \u00f6\u011frencilerine verilen mali yard\u0131mlar\u0131n geri \u00e7ekilmesi gibi...<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Di\u011fer bir\u00e7ok \u00fclkede, kurumlar\u0131n ve programlar\u0131n akreditasyonu ve onaylanmas\u0131nda h\u00fck\u00fbmetler tek yetkilidir. Kanada ve Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131kta ise akreditasyon \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fbmetin kendi ad\u0131na atad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ancak sistem i\u00e7indeki \u00e7e\u015fitli kurulu\u015flar\u0131n temsilcilerinden olu\u015fan ajanslar ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirir. Bu ajanslar\u0131n farkl\u0131 isimleri olsa da \u00f6rne\u011fin Diploma Kalite G\u00fcvence Kurulu genellikle rastlayabilece\u011finiz tipik bir ajans ismidir. Bununla birlikte son y\u0131llarda, Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k\u2019taki Y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretim Kalite G\u00fcvence Kurumu gibi baz\u0131 d\u00fczenleme kurumlar\u0131, end\u00fcstrideki uygulamalar\u0131 temel alan formal kalite g\u00fcvence s\u00fcre\u00e7lerini kullanmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. <span style=\"color: #008000;\"> \u0130ngiltere QAA\u2019n\u0131n g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irilmi\u015f Y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011frenim Kalite Kodu a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da belirtilmi\u015ftir:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k Kalite Kodu<\/b><\/span><\/span>\n<table class=\"grid landscape\" style=\"width: 75.9246%;\" width=\"100%\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\"><colgroup> <col width=\"64*\"> <col width=\"64*\"> <col width=\"64*\"> <\/colgroup> <colgroup> <col width=\"64*\"> <\/colgroup>\n<tbody>\n<tr valign=\"top\">\n<td style=\"background: #08517e; width: 17.6759%;\" bgcolor=\"#08517e\" width=\"25%\" height=\"22\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Standart beklentileri<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"background: #08517e; width: 16.8781%;\" bgcolor=\"#08517e\" width=\"25%\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"background: #0d7366; width: 41.3706%;\" colspan=\"2\" bgcolor=\"#0d7366\" width=\"50%\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Kalite beklentileri<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: #d9e2f3; width: 34.554%;\" colspan=\"2\" bgcolor=\"#d9e2f3\" width=\"50%\" height=\"71\">Kurslar\u0131n akademik standartlar\u0131, ilgili ulusal yeterlilikler \u00e7er\u00e7evesinin gerekliliklerini kar\u015f\u0131lamaktad\u0131r.\n\nYeterlilik noktas\u0131nda ve zaman i\u00e7inde \u00f6\u011frencilere verilen yeterliliklerin de\u011feri, sekt\u00f6rel standartlara g\u00f6re zaman dilimidir.<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: #e2efd9; width: 41.3706%;\" colspan=\"2\" bgcolor=\"#e2efd9\" width=\"50%\">Kurslar iyi tasarlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. t\u00fcm \u00f6\u011frenciler i\u00e7in y\u00fcksek kaliteli bir akademik deneyim ve \u00f6\u011frenci ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcvenilir bir \u015fekilde de\u011ferlendirilmesini sa\u011flar\n\nKabulden tamamlanmaya kadar. t\u00fcm \u00f6\u011frencilere ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olmalar\u0131 ve y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011frenimden yararlanmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in destek verilir<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: #ffffff; width: 17.6759%; height: 320px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;\" valign=\"top\" bgcolor=\"#ffffff\" width=\"25%\" height=\"320\"><span style=\"color: #1b6d7b;\">\u00c7ekirdek uygulamalar<\/span>\n\nSa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131, nitelikleri i\u00e7in e\u015fik standartlar\u0131n\u0131n ilgili ulusal yeterlilik \u00e7er\u00e7eveleri ile tutarl\u0131 olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar\n\nSa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131, yeterlilik kazanan \u00f6\u011frencilerin e\u015fik seviyesinin \u00f6tesinde, di\u011fer Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131nda elde edilenlerle makul \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilir standartlara ula\u015fma f\u0131rsat\u0131na sahip olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.\n\nBir sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n di\u011fer kurulu\u015flarla ortakla\u015fa \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumlarda, kurslar\u0131n nerede veya nas\u0131l verildi\u011fine veya kimin teslim etti\u011fine bak\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n, \u00f6d\u00fcl standartlar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcvenilir ve g\u00fcvenli olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in etkili d\u00fczenlemeler vard\u0131r.\n\nSa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 d\u0131\u015f uzmanl\u0131k, de\u011ferlendirilebilir, adil ve \u015feffaf s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma s\u00fcre\u00e7lerini de\u011ferlendirir.<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: #ffffff; width: 16.8781%; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;\" valign=\"top\" bgcolor=\"#ffffff\" width=\"25%\"><span style=\"color: #1b6d7b;\">Ortak uygulamalar<\/span>\n\nSa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 standartlar i\u00e7in temel uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenli olarak g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irir ve sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 iyile\u015ftirme ve geli\u015ftirme i\u00e7in kullan\u0131r<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: #ffffff; width: 20.7941%; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;\" bgcolor=\"#ffffff\" width=\"25%\"><span style=\"color: #1b6d7b;\">\u00c7ekirdek uygulamalar<\/span>\n\nSa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 g\u00fcvenilir bir \u00f6z ge\u00e7mi\u015fe sahiptir. uzak ve kapsay\u0131c\u0131 kabul sistemi\n\nSa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 y\u00fcksek kaliteli kurslar tasarlar ve \/ veya geli\u015ftirir\n\nHizmet sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n, akademik yeterlili\u011fi sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in yeterli d\u00fczeyde kalifiye personeli vard\u0131r\n\nSa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 yeterli ve uygun olanaklara sahiptir, \u00f6\u011frenme kaynaklar\u0131 ve \u00f6\u011frenci deste\u011fi y\u00fcksek kaliteli bir akademik deneyim sunmak i\u00e7in hizmet vermektedir.\n\nSa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131, \u00f6\u011frencileri bireysel ve toplu olarak e\u011fitim deneyimlerinin kalitesine aktif olarak d\u00e2hil eder\n\nHizmet sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131, t\u00fcm \u00f6\u011frencilerin eri\u015febilece\u011fi \u015fikayet ve itirazlar\u0131 ele almak i\u00e7in adil ve \u015feffaf prosed\u00fcrlere sahiptir.\n\nSa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rma derecelerini uygun ve destekleyici ara\u015ft\u0131rma ortamlar\u0131nda sunar.\n\nBir sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n di\u011fer kurulu\u015flarla ortakla\u015fa \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumlarda, kurslar\u0131n nerede ve nas\u0131l verildi\u011fine ve bunlar\u0131 kimin teslim etti\u011fine bak\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n akademik deneyimin y\u00fcksek kalitede olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in etkili d\u00fczenlemeler vard\u0131r.\n\nSa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131, ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 akademik ve profesyonel sonu\u00e7lar elde etmek i\u00e7in t\u00fcm \u00f6\u011frencileri destekler<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: #ffffff; width: 20.5765%; text-align: left; vertical-align: top;\" valign=\"top\" bgcolor=\"#ffffff\" width=\"25%\"><span style=\"color: #1b6d7b;\">Ortak uygulamalar<\/span>\n\nSa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 kalite i\u00e7in temel uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenli olarak yeniler ve sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 iyile\u015ftirme ve geli\u015ftirme i\u00e7in kullan\u0131r.\n\nSa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n kaliteyi y\u00f6netme yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 d\u0131\u015f uzmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 dikkate al\u0131r\n\nSa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131, \u00f6\u011frencileri bireysel ve toplu olarak e\u011fitim deneyimlerinin kalitesini geli\u015ftirme ile me\u015fgul eder.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><i>\u015eekil 12.1.2 \u0130ngiltere Y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretim Kalite Kodu (eri\u015fim tarihi: Eyl\u00fcl 2019)<\/i><\/span><\/span>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Bununla birlikte tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131z olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen bu t\u00fcr sistem \u00e7ap\u0131nda kodlar, belirli bir derste kaliteyi sa\u011flama \u00f6zellikleri i\u00e7in \u00e7ok geneldir. D\u0131\u015f kurulu\u015flardan gelen bask\u0131lar sonucunda bir\u00e7ok kurum, normal akademik onay s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinin \u00fczerinde formal kalite g\u00fcvence s\u00fcre\u00e7lerini de uygulamaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck maliyetli genel bir \u00e7er\u00e7eve i\u00e7in bkz. Clarke-Okah ve Daniel, 2010).<\/span><\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"western\">12.1.3 \u0130\u00e7 kalite g\u00fcvencesi<\/h2>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Bir kurumda kaliteli \u00f6\u011fretim programlar\u0131 verilmesini temin etmede kullan\u0131lan i\u00e7 s\u00fcre\u00e7lerin \u00f6zellikle \u00f6nemli oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir. S\u00fcre\u00e7 kurumlar aras\u0131nda belirgin farkl\u0131l\u0131klar g\u00f6sterse de, \u00fcniversitelerde olduk\u00e7a standart bir s\u00fcre\u00e7 s\u00f6z konusudur.<\/span><\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"western\">12.1.3.1 Bir program\u0131n kalitesini sa\u011flamak<\/h2>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Yeni bir lisans veya lisans\u00fcst\u00fc program teklifi, genellikle b\u00f6l\u00fcm i\u00e7indeki \u00f6\u011fretim \u00fcyeleri taraf\u0131ndan gelir. Teklif \u00f6nce B\u00f6l\u00fcm Kurulu\u2019nda, daha sonra Fak\u00fclte Kurulu\u2019nda g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcl\u00fcr, d\u00fczenlenir ve onayland\u0131ktan sonra nihai onay i\u00e7in \u00fcniversite Senatosu\u2019na g\u00f6nderilir. Yeni \u00f6\u011fretim \u00fcyesi istihdam\u0131 gibi kaynak kullan\u0131m\u0131 da s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in Rekt\u00f6rl\u00fck makam\u0131 ve ba\u011fl\u0131 idari birimler de s\u00fcrece dahil olur.<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">A\u015f\u0131r\u0131 genelleme olarak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclebilecek olsa da bu teklif dosyalar\u0131nda dersleri kimin verece\u011fi, dersi verecek \u00f6\u011fretim elemanlar\u0131n\u0131n sahip oldu\u011fu yeterlilikler, programda yer alacak i\u00e7erik (genellikle derslerin k\u0131sa a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131n\u0131n oldu\u011fu bir liste \u015feklinde), okuma listesi ve \u00f6\u011frencilerin nas\u0131l de\u011ferlendirilece\u011fine dair bilgiler yer al\u0131r. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde, bu t\u00fcr tekliflerde program\u0131n \u00f6\u011frenme \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131lar\u0131 da yer almaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">E\u011fer bir program\u0131n i\u00e7inde yeni dersler a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in ve tamamen \u00e7evrim i\u00e7i verilecek bir program\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in teklif verilmi\u015fse, teklif i\u00e7eride \u00e7ok dikkatli ve <span style=\"color: #008000;\">detayl\u0131<\/span> bir incelemeye tabi tutulacakt\u0131r. . Bir teklife d\u00e2hil edilmesi pek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmayan \u015fey, <em class=\"western\"><i> y\u00f6ntemleri <\/i><\/em> \u00f6\u011fretme y\u00f6ntemi kullan\u0131lacakt\u0131r. Bu genellikle her bir \u00f6\u011fretim \u00fcyesi <span style=\"color: #008000;\">veya \u00f6\u011fretmenlerin (bir yard\u0131mc\u0131 veya s\u00f6zle\u015fme e\u011fitmeni de\u011filseniz)<\/span>sorumlulu\u011fu olarak kabul edilir . Bu b\u00f6l\u00fcmde, kalitenin bu boyutunu ele alaca\u011f\u0131z. Dijital \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n gerektirdi\u011fi bilgi ve becerilerin geli\u015ftirilmesinde \u00f6\u011fretim y\u00f6nteminin veya \u00f6\u011frenme ortam\u0131n\u0131n etkilili\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan kalite..<\/span><\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"western\">12.1.3.2 S\u0131n\u0131f \u00f6\u011fretiminin kalitesini sa\u011flama<\/h2>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Kaliteli bir geleneksel s\u0131n\u0131f i\u00e7i \u00f6\u011fretimin ne olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fine dair bir\u00e7ok rehber bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bunlar\u0131n aras\u0131nda belki de en bilineni, Chickering ve Gamson\u2019\u0131n (1987) 50 y\u0131ld\u0131r \u00f6\u011fretimde en iyi uygulamalar \u00fczerinde yap\u0131lan ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n bir analizini yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmad\u0131r. Onlar bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda savunduklar\u0131 Lisans \u00f6\u011frenimi i\u00e7in iyi uygulamalar:<\/span><\/p>\n\n<ol>\n \t<li><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">\u00d6\u011frenci ve \u00f6\u011fretim eleman\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki ba\u011flant\u0131y\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendirir.<\/span><\/li>\n \t<li><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">\u00d6\u011frenciler aras\u0131ndaki i\u015f birli\u011fini ve kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 geli\u015ftirir..<\/span><\/li>\n \t<li><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Aktif \u00f6\u011frenmeyi te\u015fvik eder.<\/span><\/li>\n \t<li><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">An\u0131nda geri bildirim sa\u011flar.<\/span><\/li>\n \t<li><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Zaman\u0131n \u00f6nemini vurgular.<\/span><\/li>\n \t<li><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Beklentilerin y\u00fckselmesini sa\u011flar.<\/span><\/li>\n \t<li><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Farkl\u0131 yeteneklere ve \u00f6\u011frenme bi\u00e7imlerine sayg\u0131 g\u00f6sterir.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Ancak, bu standartlar hem y\u00fcz y\u00fcze hem de \u00e7evrim i\u00e7i \u00f6\u011fretim i\u00e7in ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde uygulanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"western\">12.1.3.3 \u00c7evrim i\u00e7i ders ve programlarda kalite<\/h2>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">\u00c7evrim i\u00e7i \u00f6\u011frenme yeni bir kavram oldu\u011fu ve kalitesiyle ilgili soru i\u015faretlerine a\u00e7\u0131k oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in \u00e7evrim i\u00e7i programlarla ilgili olarak bir\u00e7ok rehber, iyi uygulamalar ve kalite g\u00fcvence \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fctleri vard\u0131r. Bu rehberlerin ve prosed\u00fcrlerin t\u00fcm\u00fc, daha \u00f6nceden y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 \u00e7evrim i\u00e7i program deneyimlerinden, \u00f6\u011frenme ve \u00f6\u011fretmedeki en iyi uygulamalardan ve \u00e7evrim i\u00e7i \u00f6\u011frenme ve \u00f6\u011fretmeye ili\u015fkin ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve de\u011ferlendirmelerden elde edilmi\u015ftir. \u00c7evrim i\u00e7i \u00f6\u011frenme konusunda \u00e7evrim i\u00e7i kalite g\u00fcvence standartlar\u0131, kurumlar ve ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar Ek 2\u2019de yer almaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">D\u00fcnyadaki \u00e7ok say\u0131da \u00e7evrim i\u00e7i ve uzaktan e\u011fitim kurumlar\u0131n\u0131 inceledikleri \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda Jung ve Latchem (2102), kurumlardaki \u00e7evrim i\u00e7i ve uzaktan e\u011fitim faaliyetlerinin kalite g\u00fcvence s\u00fcre\u00e7lerine ili\u015fkin \u00f6nemli noktalara de\u011finmi\u015flerdir:<\/span><\/p>\n\n<ul>\n \t<li><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">birincil kalite \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc olarak \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131lara odaklan\u0131r;<\/span><\/li>\n \t<li><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">kalite g\u00fcvencesine sistemli bir yakla\u015f\u0131m sergiler;<\/span><\/li>\n \t<li><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">kalite g\u00fcvencesini, s\u00fcrekli iyile\u015ftirme s\u00fcreci olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcr;<\/span><\/li>\n \t<li><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">kurumu d\u0131\u015f kontrolden ziyade, i\u00e7eride bir kalite k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc olu\u015fturulmas\u0131na y\u00f6nlendirir;<\/span><\/li>\n \t<li><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">kalitesizli\u011fin maliyeti \u00e7ok olur, bu nedenle kaliteye yat\u0131r\u0131m yapmaya de\u011fer...<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">\u00c7evrim i\u00e7i \u00f6\u011frenmede kaliteyi sa\u011flamak \u00e7ok zor de\u011fildir. Bir t\u00fcr b\u00fcrokrasi olu\u015fturmaya gerek olmasa da kurumlar\u0131n veya \u00f6\u011fretmenlerin standartlar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lay\u0131p kar\u015f\u0131lamad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 izlemeyi sa\u011flayacak bir \u00e7e\u015fit mekanizma olu\u015fturmak faydal\u0131 olacakt\u0131r. Ancak ayn\u0131 \u015feyi y\u00fcz y\u00fcze \u00f6\u011fretim i\u00e7in de yapmal\u0131y\u0131z. Gittik\u00e7e daha fazla akredite olmu\u015f (ve \u201cy\u00fcksek kalite\u201d) kamp\u00fcs tabanl\u0131 kurumlar melez \u00f6\u011frenmeye ge\u00e7meye ba\u015flad\u0131k\u00e7a, programlar\u0131n \u00e7evrim i\u00e7i \u00f6\u011frenme \u00f6gelerinde kalitenin olu\u015fturulmas\u0131 daha da \u00f6nemli h\u00e2le gelecektir.<\/span><\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"western\">12.1.4 Kalite standartlar\u0131n\u0131 uygulamada tutarl\u0131l\u0131k<\/h2>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Hem y\u00fcz y\u00fcze hem \u00e7evrim i\u00e7i \u00f6\u011fretimde kalitenin temini i\u00e7in \u00e7ok say\u0131da kan\u0131t tabanl\u0131 rehber bulunmaktad\u0131r. Buradaki as\u0131l g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fck, \u00f6\u011fretmenlerin ve \u00f6\u011fretim elemanlar\u0131n\u0131n bu en iyi uygulamalardan haberdar olmas\u0131n\u0131 ve kurumlar\u0131n kaliteli bir \u00f6\u011fretim i\u00e7in gerekli olan bu rehberlerin uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayacak s\u00fcre\u00e7lerin i\u015fe ko\u015fulmas\u0131n\u0131 temin etmektir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Kalite g\u00fcvence y\u00f6ntemleri, sahte \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6r kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n sisteme d\u00e2hil olmas\u0131ndan endi\u015fe eden ajanslar veya \u00e7evrim i\u00e7i \u00f6\u011frenmeyi kullanarak k\u0131sa yoldan kar etmeyi ya da standartlar\u0131 sa\u011flamadan maliyetleri d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmeyi ama\u00e7layan e\u011fitim kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nlenebilmesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00e7ok de\u011ferli ve \u00f6nemlidir. Kalite g\u00fcvence y\u00f6ntemleri, yeni g\u00f6reve ba\u015flayan veya teknoloji konusunda s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131 \u00e7eken \u00f6\u011fretmenlere teknolojiyle \u00f6\u011fretim yapmay\u0131 \u00f6\u011fretmek ve en iyi uygulamalar\u0131 g\u00f6rmelerini sa\u011flamak a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan faydal\u0131 olabilir. Ancak sayg\u0131n devlet \u00fcniversiteleri veya y\u00fcksekokullar i\u00e7in ayn\u0131 kalite g\u00fcvence standartlar\u0131, aktar\u0131m y\u00f6ntemlerindeki farka g\u00f6re ayarlanm\u0131\u015f olsa bile <span style=\"color: #008000;\">y\u00fcz y\u00fcze ve \u00e7evrim i\u00e7i \u00f6\u011fretim i\u00e7in de ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde<\/span> ge\u00e7erli olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"western\">12.1.5 Kalite g\u00fcvencesi, inovasyon ve \u00f6\u011frenme \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131lar\u0131<\/h2>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">\u00c7o\u011fu kalite g\u00fcvence s\u00fcreci, \u00f6\u011frencilerin ger\u00e7ekten ne \u00f6\u011frendi\u011fi gibi \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131lar yerine girdilere (\u00f6\u011fretim elemanlar\u0131n\u0131n akademik yeterlilikleri, veya etkin bir \u00f6\u011fretim i\u00e7in uygulanmas\u0131 gereken s\u00fcre\u00e7ler yani a\u00e7\u0131k ve net tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015f \u00f6\u011frenme \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131lar\u0131 gibi ya da ADDIE veya T\u00fcrk\u00e7e k\u0131saltmas\u0131yla ATGUD gibi sistem tabanl\u0131 ders tasar\u0131m y\u00f6ntemleri gibi) odaklan\u0131rlar. Kalite g\u00fcvence s\u00fcre\u00e7leri, ayn\u0131 zamanda, <em class=\"western\"><i>geriye<\/i><\/em> d\u00f6n\u00fckt\u00fcr; yani ge\u00e7mi\u015fteki en iyi uygulamalara odaklan\u0131rlar.<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">\u00d6zellikle yeni \u00f6\u011fretim yakla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131 de\u011ferlendirilirken bunun dikkate al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekir. Butcher ve Hoosen\u2019a (2014) g\u00f6re:<\/span><\/p>\n\n<blockquote><em>Geleneksel \u00f6tesi y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretimin kalite g\u00fcvence s\u00fcreci karma\u015f\u0131kt\u0131r \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k ve esneklik bu yeni yakla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6zelli\u011fidir. Halbuki, geleneksel kalite g\u00fcvence y\u00f6ntemleri daha s\u0131k\u0131 yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u00e7er\u00e7eveler i\u00e7indeki \u00f6\u011fretme ve \u00f6\u011frenme i\u00e7in tasarlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/em><\/blockquote>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Bununla birlikte Butcher ve Hoosen (2014) \u015f\u00f6yle devam ediyor:<\/span><\/p>\n\n<blockquote><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><i><em class=\"western\">k<\/em><\/i><\/span><\/span><em>aliteye ili\u015fkin temel yarg\u0131lar, e\u011fitimin geleneksel veya geleneksel \u00f6tesi bir yakla\u015f\u0131mla verilip verilmedi\u011fine ba\u011fl\u0131 olmamal\u0131d\u0131r\u2026 a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k alan\u0131nda ya\u015fanan ilerlemelerin kurumlardaki kalite g\u00fcvence uygulamalar\u0131 \u00fczerinde b\u00fcy\u00fck de\u011fi\u015fimlere yol a\u00e7mas\u0131 beklenmemektedir. Kaliteli bir y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretimin ilkeleri de\u011fi\u015fmemi\u015ftir ... Kaliteli uzaktan e\u011fitim, kaliteli e\u011fitimin bir alt k\u00fcmesidir... Uzaktan e\u011fitim de, genel olarak e\u011fitim i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erli olan ayn\u0131 kalite g\u00fcvence mekanizmalar\u0131na tabi olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/em><\/blockquote>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Bu t\u00fcr arg\u00fcmanlar, \u00f6\u011frenme \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z \u00f6\u011frenme, ileti\u015fim i\u00e7in sosyal medya kullan\u0131m\u0131 ve bilgi y\u00f6netimi gibi ge\u00e7mi\u015fte \u00e7ok da a\u00e7\u0131kta olmayan birtak\u0131m becerilerin geli\u015ftirilmesini de i\u00e7eren dijital \u00e7a\u011fda \u00f6\u011fretim i\u00e7in \u00f6zel bir m\u00fccadele alan\u0131 ortaya koymaktad\u0131r. Kalite g\u00fcvence s\u00fcre\u00e7leri genellikle belirli \u00f6\u011frenme \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131lar\u0131na de\u011fil daha \u00e7ok dersi veya program\u0131 bitirme oranlar\u0131, diploma almaya hak kazanma s\u00fcresi veya ge\u00e7mi\u015fteki \u00f6\u011frenme hedeflerine g\u00f6re al\u0131nan notlar gibi genel performans \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmlerine ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Ayr\u0131ca, Tema <span style=\"color: #008000;\">9, 10 ve 11<\/span>\u2019de de g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz gibi yeni ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan medya t\u00fcrleri ve yeni \u00f6\u011fretim y\u00f6ntemleri en iyi uygulamalar\u0131n analizini yapmam\u0131za izin verecek kadar eski de\u011fildir. Ge\u00e7mi\u015fteki uygulamalara ba\u011fl\u0131 kat\u0131 bir kalite de\u011ferlendirmesinin, \u00f6\u011fretim alan\u0131ndaki inovasyonlar \u00fczerinde ve yeni ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan \u00f6\u011frenme ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamada ciddi bir olumsuz etkisi olabilecektir. 'En iyi uygulama\u2019n\u0131n zaman zaman sorgulanmas\u0131 gerekir ki yeni yakla\u015f\u0131mlar denenebilsin ve de\u011ferlendirilebilsin.<\/span><\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"western\">12.1.6 Kalitenin \u00f6z\u00fcne ula\u015fmak<\/h2>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Kurumsal akreditasyon, programlar\u0131n incelenmesi ve onaylanmas\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan i\u00e7 prosed\u00fcrler ve formal kalite g\u00fcvence s\u00fcre\u00e7leri \u00f6nemli olsa da \u00f6zellikle de d\u0131\u015fa hesap verebilirlik a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6\u011frenme ve \u00f6\u011fretmede kalitenin ne oldu\u011fu konusunun \u00f6z\u00fcne inememektedir. Bunlar, bir nevi resm\u00ee g\u00fcnlerde yap\u0131lan devlet t\u00f6renleri gibidir. Saray\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcndeki n\u00f6bet\u00e7i de\u011fi\u015fimi bir merasimden ibarettir; ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011fa veya monar\u015fiye bir ba\u015fkald\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n, i\u015fgalin veya ter\u00f6rist sald\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesine kar\u015f\u0131 bir savunma eylemi de\u011fildir. Bu t\u00fcr merasimler ve rit\u00fceller milli kimlik i\u00e7in ne kadar gerekliyse, derin ve s\u0131k\u0131 ba\u011flar da g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir devletin \u00f6nemli \u00f6zelliklerindendir. Benzer \u015fekilde bir \u00fcniversite veya herhangi bir e\u011fitim kurumu da \u00f6\u011frenme ve \u00f6\u011fretmeyi d\u00fczenleyen idari s\u00fcre\u00e7lerden \u00e7ok daha fazlas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Kalite y\u00f6netimi s\u00fcrecinin sonunda, en k\u00f6t\u00fc ihtimalle, t\u00fcm y\u00f6netim s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinin yap\u0131lageldi\u011fini g\u00f6steren ve t\u00fcm kutucuklar\u0131 i\u015faretlenmi\u015f bir anket elimize ge\u00e7er; ancak, \u00f6\u011frencilerin teknoloji sayesinde daha fazla veya daha iyi \u00f6\u011frenip \u00f6\u011frenmedi\u011fini h\u00e2la bilmiyoruzdur. \u00d6\u011frenme ve \u00f6\u011fretme \u00f6z\u00fcnde \u00e7ok insani etkinliklerdir ve bu etkinliklerin ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olabilmesi i\u00e7in \u00f6\u011fretmen ile \u00f6\u011frenci aras\u0131nda g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir ba\u011f gerekir. \u00d6\u011frenmenin \u00f6yle bir duygusal ve g\u00fcd\u00fcsel boyutu vard\u0131r ki \u2018iyi\u2019 bir \u00f6\u011fretmen o ba\u011flant\u0131y\u0131 kurdu\u011fu anda yol g\u00f6stermeye ba\u015flar.<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Bir\u00e7ok \u00f6\u011fretmen ve \u00f6\u011fretim eleman\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6\u011fretim s\u00fcrecinde teknoloji kullan\u0131m\u0131na ili\u015fkin duydu\u011fu kayg\u0131n\u0131n bir sebebi de, \u00f6\u011frenciye g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fck \u00e7ekti\u011fi zamanlarda destek olmak veya konu alan\u0131yla ilgili ona esin kayna\u011f\u0131 olmak ya da \u00f6\u011frenme tutkusunu \u00fcst d\u00fczeylere \u00e7\u0131karmak i\u00e7in gerekli olan bu duygusal ba\u011f\u0131n kurulmas\u0131n\u0131n zor ve hatta imk\u00e2ns\u0131z olaca\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesidir. Ancak teknolojinin art\u0131k hi\u00e7 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kadar g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ve esnek oldu\u011funu g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131rsak, teknoloji do\u011fru y\u00f6netildi\u011fi takdirde, yaln\u0131zca \u00f6\u011fretmen ve \u00f6\u011frenci aras\u0131nda de\u011fil y\u00fcz y\u00fcze tan\u0131\u015fmam\u0131\u015f olsalar da \u00f6\u011frenciler aras\u0131nda bile bu t\u00fcr ba\u011flar\u0131n geli\u015ftirilmesi art\u0131k g\u00fc\u00e7 de\u011fildir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">E\u011fitimde kaliteyle ilgili her tart\u0131\u015fman\u0131n ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n, \u00f6\u011frenmenin bu t\u00fcr duygusal boyutlar\u0131n\u0131 da dikkate almas\u0131 gerekir. Teknoloji veya kalite g\u00fcvencesi konular\u0131ndaki davran\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131mlar, bu fakt\u00f6r\u00fc genellikle g\u00f6z ard\u0131 ederler. Sonu\u00e7 olarak bu b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn ilerleyen k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131nda, teknik a\u00e7\u0131dan en iyi uygulamalar ile birlikte \u00f6\u011frenme ve \u00f6\u011fretmenin daha insani y\u00f6nlerini konu\u015faca\u011f\u0131z. Elbette, \u00f6zellikle teknoloji tabanl\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenme ortamlar\u0131nda...<\/span><\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"western\">12.1.7 Kalite g\u00fcvencesi: dijital \u00e7a\u011fda amaca uygunluk<\/h2>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">G\u00fcn\u00fcn sonunda, dijital \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n amac\u0131na uygun olarak \u00f6\u011frenme ve \u00f6\u011fretmede kaliteye ili\u015fkin en iyi g\u00f6stergeler \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/span><\/p>\n\n<ul>\n \t<li><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">hem \u00f6\u011fretim y\u00f6ntemleri hem de \u00f6\u011fretim ama\u00e7l\u0131 teknoloji kullan\u0131m\u0131 konusunda e\u011fitim alm\u0131\u015f, nitelikli konu alan\u0131 uzmanlar\u0131;<\/span><\/li>\n \t<li><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">profesyonel, e\u011fitimli \u00f6\u011frenme teknolojileri destek personeli;<\/span><\/li>\n \t<li><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">\u00f6\u011fretmen\/\u00f6\u011frenci oranlar\u0131n\u0131 da i\u00e7eren yeterli kaynaklar;<\/span><\/li>\n \t<li><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">uygun \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma y\u00f6ntemleri (tak\u0131m \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131, proje y\u00f6netimi);<\/span><\/li>\n \t<li><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">s\u00fcrekli iyile\u015ftirmeye y\u00f6nelik sistematik de\u011ferlendirme.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Kamp\u00fcs e\u011fitimlerinin \u00e7evrim i\u00e7i veya harmanlanm\u0131\u015f \u00f6\u011frenmeye ge\u00e7tiklerinde neler yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131na \u00e7ok daha fazla dikkat g\u00f6sterilmesi gerekmektedir. En iyi uygulamalar\u0131 m\u0131 tercih ediyorlar, yoksa hem geleneksel y\u00fcz y\u00fcze \u00f6\u011fretimin hem \u00e7evrim i\u00e7i \u00f6\u011frenmenin en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc y\u00f6nlerini kullanan yenilik\u00e7i \u00f6\u011fretim y\u00f6ntemleri mi geli\u015ftiriyorlar? KA\u00c7D\u2019lerin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 ve ABD\u2019nde \u00e7evrim i\u00e7i \u00f6\u011frenmeye ge\u00e7en \u00e7o\u011fu iki y\u0131ll\u0131k okuldaki okulu b\u0131rakma oranlar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcksekli\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fczde, yenilik\u00e7i \u00f6\u011fretim y\u00f6ntemleri sav\u0131n\u0131n ge\u00e7erli olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz.<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">E\u011fer amac\u0131m\u0131z \u00f6\u011frencilerin dijital \u00e7a\u011fda ihtiya\u00e7 duyacaklar\u0131 bilgi ve becerileri geli\u015ftirmekse, \u00f6\u011fretim s\u00fcrecindeki en iyi uygulamalar hakk\u0131nda bildiklerimizi de dikkate alarak kaliteyi de\u011ferlendirmemiz gereken \u2018standart\u2019 i\u015fte tam da budur. Bu b\u00f6l\u00fcmde dijital \u00e7a\u011fda kaliteli bir \u00f6\u011fretim i\u00e7in yapaca\u011f\u0131m \u00f6neriler, bu \u2018amaca uygunluk\u2019 ilkesini temel alacakt\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"western\"><span style=\"color: #333333;\">Kaynak\u00e7a ve ek okumalar<\/span><\/h2>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Butcher, N. and Hoosen, S. (2014) A Guide to Quality in Post-traditional Online Higher Education Dallas TX: Academic Partnerships<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Chickering, A., and Gamson, Z. (1987) \u2018Seven Principles for Good Practice in Undergraduate Education\u2019 <em class=\"western\"><i>Washington Center News<\/i><\/em> (originally published in <em class=\"western\"><i>AAHE Bulletin,<\/i><\/em> March 1987)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Clarke-Okah, W. and Daniel, J. (2010) <em class=\"western\"><i>The Commonwealth of Learning: Review and Improvement Model <\/i><\/em>Burnaby BC: Commonwealth of Learning<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Jung, I. and Latchem, C. (2012) Quality Assurance and Accreditation in Distance Education and e-Learning New York\/London: Routledge<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Etkinlik 12.1 \u00d6\u011frenme ve \u00f6\u011fretmede `kalite\u2019nin tan\u0131mlanmas\u0131<\/p>\n\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Mevcut<\/span><\/p>\n\n<ul>\n \t<li><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">kurumsal akreditasyon ve<\/span><\/li>\n \t<li><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">d\u00e2hili kalite g\u00fcvenirlik s\u00fcre\u00e7leri hakk\u0131nda ne d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorsunuz?<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7ler, dijital \u00e7a\u011f i\u00e7in \u00f6\u011frenme ve \u00f6\u011fretmede kaliteyi garanti ediyor mu? Etmiyorsa, sizce neden?<\/span><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n&nbsp;\n","rendered":"<p class=\"para2\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"frame0\" src=\"http:\/\/acikkitap.com.tr\/dijital\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2020\/09\/image0151.jpg\" alt=\"OEBPS\/images\/image0151.jpg\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><i>\u015eekil 12.1.1 Kalite ile ne demek istiyoruz?<br \/>\nG\u00f6rsel: \u00a9 Wikipedia Commons<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Bu kitab\u0131n \u00f6nceki b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerini okuduysan\u0131z, dijital \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n \u00f6\u011frencilerinin ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131yla ilgili konular\u0131n yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir \u00e7er\u00e7eve i\u00e7inde sunulan \u00f6nemli miktarda felsefi, g\u00f6rg\u00fcl, teknolojik ve y\u00f6netsel bilgiye maruz kalm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funuzu s\u00f6yleyebilirim. Bu ad\u0131mlar\u0131n, t\u00fcm bu fikirleri ve kavramlar\u0131 g\u00fcnl\u00fck ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131zdaki \u00f6\u011fretim durumlar\u0131na uygulayabilmenize yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmas\u0131n\u0131 umuyorum.<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bu b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn amac\u0131, dijital \u00e7a\u011fda \u00f6\u011fretimin kalitesine dair \u00f6\u011fretmenlere ve \u00f6\u011fretim elemanlar\u0131na pratik bir rehber sa\u011flamakt\u0131r. <span style=\"color: #008000;\"> Bu, bu kitaptaki \u00f6nceki t\u00fcm b\u00f6l\u00fcmleri \u00e7izmek anlam\u0131na gelecektir, bu nedenle daha \u00f6nceki b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerin i\u00e7eri\u011finin bu b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz olarak bir miktar tekrar olacakt\u0131r. Burada ama\u00e7, dijital \u00e7a\u011fa uygun kaliteli, dijital tabanl\u0131 dersler ve programlar geli\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in her \u015feyi bir araya getirmektir..<\/span> Ancak buna ge\u00e7meden \u00f6nce, \u00f6\u011fretme ve \u00f6\u011frenmede \u2018kalite\u2019 dedi\u011fimde ne kastetti\u011fimi a\u00e7\u0131klamam gerekir; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc burada \u2018kalite\u2019 kavram\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ok \u00f6zel bir\u015feyi vurgulamak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131yorum.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"western\">12.1.1 Tan\u0131mlar<\/h2>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">E\u011fitim alan\u0131nda, \u2018kalite\u2019 kadar tart\u0131\u015fmaya ve uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011fa yol a\u00e7an ba\u015fka bir konu oldu\u011funu zannetmiyorum. Bu konuda bir\u00e7ok kitap yaz\u0131ld\u0131, ancak ben laf\u0131 uzatmay\u0131p benim kalite tan\u0131m\u0131m\u0131 vermek istiyorum. Bu kitapta kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 amaca g\u00f6re `kalite\u2019yi \u015f\u00f6yle tan\u0131ml\u0131yorum:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><i><em class=\"western\">\u00f6\u011frencilerin dijital \u00e7a\u011fda ihtiya\u00e7 duyacaklar\u0131 bilgi ve becerileri geli\u015ftirmelerine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olacak \u00f6\u011fretim y\u00f6ntemleri.<\/em><\/i><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Bu, tabii benim \u2018kalite\u2019nin ne oldu\u011funa dair k\u0131sa cevab\u0131m&#8230; Daha uzun bir cevap vermek istersek, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki unsurlar\u0131 da dikkate almam\u0131z gerekir:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">kurum ve diploma akreditasyonu;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">i\u00e7 (akademik) kalite g\u00fcvence s\u00fcre\u00e7leri;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">kalite g\u00fcvencesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan geleneksel s\u0131n\u0131f i\u00e7i \u00f6\u011fretim ile \u00e7evrim i\u00e7i ve uzaktan e\u011fitim aras\u0131ndaki farkl\u0131l\u0131klar;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">kalite g\u00fcvence s\u00fcre\u00e7leri ve \u00f6\u011frenme \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131lar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fki;<\/span><\/li>\n<li>\u2018<span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">amaca uygun kalite g\u00fcvencesi\u2019: dijital \u00e7a\u011fda e\u011fitimin ama\u00e7lar\u0131na ula\u015fmak.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Bu unsurlar, b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn sonunda sizlerle payla\u015faca\u011f\u0131m kaliteli bir \u00f6\u011fretim i\u00e7in \u00f6nerilerimin de temelini olu\u015fturacakt\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"western\">12.1.2 Kurum ve diploma akreditasyonu<\/h2>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">\u00c7o\u011fu h\u00fck\u00fbmet, kurumlar\u0131n uygun \u015fekilde akredite olmas\u0131n\u0131, verdikleri yeterliliklerin ge\u00e7erli olmas\u0131n\u0131 ve \u2018kaliteli\u2019 olarak tan\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 temin etmek suretiyle e\u011fitim pazar\u0131ndaki t\u00fcketicileri koruma alt\u0131na almak ister. Bununla birlikte kurumlar\u0131n ve verdikleri diplomalar\u0131n akreditasyon bi\u00e7imleri belirgin farkl\u0131l\u0131klar g\u00f6sterir. En b\u00fcy\u00fck fark, ABD ile di\u011fer t\u00fcm \u00fclkeler aras\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">ABD E\u011fitim Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n E\u011fitim Bilgi A\u011f\u0131\u2019nda, ABD\u2019de akreditasyon ve kalite g\u00fcvencesinin tan\u0131m\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibi ifade edilir:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><i><em class=\"western\">Akreditasyon, okullar\u0131n, \u00fcniversitelerin ve di\u011fer e\u011fitim kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n akademi, y\u00f6netim ve di\u011fer ilgili hizmetlere ili\u015fkin asgari kalite ve b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fck standartlar\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koymak ve bu standartlar\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131n\u0131 temin etmek \u00fczere ABD e\u011fitim sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde kullan\u0131lan bir s\u00fcre\u00e7tir. Akreditasyon, akademik \u00f6zerklik ilkesini temel alan g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc bir s\u00fcre\u00e7tir. Okullar, \u00fcniversiteler ve programlar (fak\u00fclteler) akreditasyon s\u00fcrecine kat\u0131l\u0131m sa\u011flar. Akreditasyon \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fcten kurulu\u015flar, akreditasyon s\u00fcrecini y\u00fcr\u00fctmek i\u00e7in gerekli prosed\u00fcrleri ve \u00fcyelik standartlar\u0131n\u0131 belirleyen ve y\u00fcr\u00fcten, belli konularda uzmanl\u0131k sahibi kurum ve ki\u015filerden olu\u015fan ortakl\u0131klard\u0131r.<\/em><\/i><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><i><em class=\"western\">Hem federal h\u00fck\u00fbmet hem de eyaletler, akreditasyonu kurumlar\u0131n hem de programlar\u0131n me\u015fruiyetini temin mekanizmas\u0131 olarak kabul ederler. Uluslararas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131dan tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f, yetkili bir akreditasyon birimi taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan akreditasyonlar, ulusal e\u011fitim sistemlerine ait kurumlar\u0131n bakanl\u0131klar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan tan\u0131nmaya e\u015fde\u011fer kabul edilir.<\/em><\/i><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Ba\u015fka bir ifadeyle, ABD\u2019de akreditasyon ve kalite g\u00fcvencesi e\u011fitim kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n kendi akreditasyon birimlerinin kontrol\u00fc alt\u0131nda etkin bir \u015fekilde d\u00fczenlenir ve y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcl\u00fcr. Bununla birlikte h\u00fck\u00fbmetin birtak\u0131m yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n oldu\u011funu da s\u00f6ylemeliyim: ABD E\u011fitim Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n standartlar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kurumlar\u0131n \u00f6\u011frencilerine verilen mali yard\u0131mlar\u0131n geri \u00e7ekilmesi gibi&#8230;<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Di\u011fer bir\u00e7ok \u00fclkede, kurumlar\u0131n ve programlar\u0131n akreditasyonu ve onaylanmas\u0131nda h\u00fck\u00fbmetler tek yetkilidir. Kanada ve Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131kta ise akreditasyon \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fbmetin kendi ad\u0131na atad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ancak sistem i\u00e7indeki \u00e7e\u015fitli kurulu\u015flar\u0131n temsilcilerinden olu\u015fan ajanslar ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirir. Bu ajanslar\u0131n farkl\u0131 isimleri olsa da \u00f6rne\u011fin Diploma Kalite G\u00fcvence Kurulu genellikle rastlayabilece\u011finiz tipik bir ajans ismidir. Bununla birlikte son y\u0131llarda, Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k\u2019taki Y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretim Kalite G\u00fcvence Kurumu gibi baz\u0131 d\u00fczenleme kurumlar\u0131, end\u00fcstrideki uygulamalar\u0131 temel alan formal kalite g\u00fcvence s\u00fcre\u00e7lerini kullanmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. <span style=\"color: #008000;\"> \u0130ngiltere QAA\u2019n\u0131n g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irilmi\u015f Y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011frenim Kalite Kodu a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da belirtilmi\u015ftir:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k Kalite Kodu<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<table class=\"grid landscape\" style=\"width: 75.9246%; width: 100%; border-spacing: 0px;\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n<colgroup>\n<col width=\"64*\" \/>\n<col width=\"64*\" \/>\n<col width=\"64*\" \/> <\/colgroup>\n<colgroup>\n<col width=\"64*\" \/> <\/colgroup>\n<tbody>\n<tr valign=\"top\">\n<td style=\"background: #08517e; width: 17.6759%; background-color: #08517e; width: 25%; height: 22px;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Standart beklentileri<\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"background: #08517e; width: 16.8781%; background-color: #08517e; width: 25%;\"><\/td>\n<td style=\"background: #0d7366; width: 41.3706%; background-color: #0d7366; width: 50%;\" colspan=\"2\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Kalite beklentileri<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: #d9e2f3; width: 34.554%; background-color: #d9e2f3; width: 50%; height: 71px;\" colspan=\"2\">Kurslar\u0131n akademik standartlar\u0131, ilgili ulusal yeterlilikler \u00e7er\u00e7evesinin gerekliliklerini kar\u015f\u0131lamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Yeterlilik noktas\u0131nda ve zaman i\u00e7inde \u00f6\u011frencilere verilen yeterliliklerin de\u011feri, sekt\u00f6rel standartlara g\u00f6re zaman dilimidir.<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: #e2efd9; width: 41.3706%; background-color: #e2efd9; width: 50%;\" colspan=\"2\">Kurslar iyi tasarlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. t\u00fcm \u00f6\u011frenciler i\u00e7in y\u00fcksek kaliteli bir akademik deneyim ve \u00f6\u011frenci ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcvenilir bir \u015fekilde de\u011ferlendirilmesini sa\u011flar<\/p>\n<p>Kabulden tamamlanmaya kadar. t\u00fcm \u00f6\u011frencilere ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olmalar\u0131 ve y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011frenimden yararlanmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in destek verilir<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"background: #ffffff; width: 17.6759%; height: 320px; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; width: 25%; height: 320px;\" valign=\"top\"><span style=\"color: #1b6d7b;\">\u00c7ekirdek uygulamalar<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131, nitelikleri i\u00e7in e\u015fik standartlar\u0131n\u0131n ilgili ulusal yeterlilik \u00e7er\u00e7eveleri ile tutarl\u0131 olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar<\/p>\n<p>Sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131, yeterlilik kazanan \u00f6\u011frencilerin e\u015fik seviyesinin \u00f6tesinde, di\u011fer Birle\u015fik Krall\u0131k sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131nda elde edilenlerle makul \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilir standartlara ula\u015fma f\u0131rsat\u0131na sahip olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n<p>Bir sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n di\u011fer kurulu\u015flarla ortakla\u015fa \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumlarda, kurslar\u0131n nerede veya nas\u0131l verildi\u011fine veya kimin teslim etti\u011fine bak\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n, \u00f6d\u00fcl standartlar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcvenilir ve g\u00fcvenli olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in etkili d\u00fczenlemeler vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 d\u0131\u015f uzmanl\u0131k, de\u011ferlendirilebilir, adil ve \u015feffaf s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma s\u00fcre\u00e7lerini de\u011ferlendirir.<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: #ffffff; width: 16.8781%; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; width: 25%;\" valign=\"top\"><span style=\"color: #1b6d7b;\">Ortak uygulamalar<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 standartlar i\u00e7in temel uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenli olarak g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irir ve sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 iyile\u015ftirme ve geli\u015ftirme i\u00e7in kullan\u0131r<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: #ffffff; width: 20.7941%; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; width: 25%;\"><span style=\"color: #1b6d7b;\">\u00c7ekirdek uygulamalar<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 g\u00fcvenilir bir \u00f6z ge\u00e7mi\u015fe sahiptir. uzak ve kapsay\u0131c\u0131 kabul sistemi<\/p>\n<p>Sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 y\u00fcksek kaliteli kurslar tasarlar ve \/ veya geli\u015ftirir<\/p>\n<p>Hizmet sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n, akademik yeterlili\u011fi sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in yeterli d\u00fczeyde kalifiye personeli vard\u0131r<\/p>\n<p>Sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 yeterli ve uygun olanaklara sahiptir, \u00f6\u011frenme kaynaklar\u0131 ve \u00f6\u011frenci deste\u011fi y\u00fcksek kaliteli bir akademik deneyim sunmak i\u00e7in hizmet vermektedir.<\/p>\n<p>Sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131, \u00f6\u011frencileri bireysel ve toplu olarak e\u011fitim deneyimlerinin kalitesine aktif olarak d\u00e2hil eder<\/p>\n<p>Hizmet sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131, t\u00fcm \u00f6\u011frencilerin eri\u015febilece\u011fi \u015fikayet ve itirazlar\u0131 ele almak i\u00e7in adil ve \u015feffaf prosed\u00fcrlere sahiptir.<\/p>\n<p>Sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rma derecelerini uygun ve destekleyici ara\u015ft\u0131rma ortamlar\u0131nda sunar.<\/p>\n<p>Bir sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n di\u011fer kurulu\u015flarla ortakla\u015fa \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumlarda, kurslar\u0131n nerede ve nas\u0131l verildi\u011fine ve bunlar\u0131 kimin teslim etti\u011fine bak\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n akademik deneyimin y\u00fcksek kalitede olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in etkili d\u00fczenlemeler vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131, ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 akademik ve profesyonel sonu\u00e7lar elde etmek i\u00e7in t\u00fcm \u00f6\u011frencileri destekler<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: #ffffff; width: 20.5765%; text-align: left; vertical-align: top; background-color: #ffffff; width: 25%;\" valign=\"top\"><span style=\"color: #1b6d7b;\">Ortak uygulamalar<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 kalite i\u00e7in temel uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenli olarak yeniler ve sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 iyile\u015ftirme ve geli\u015ftirme i\u00e7in kullan\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n kaliteyi y\u00f6netme yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 d\u0131\u015f uzmanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 dikkate al\u0131r<\/p>\n<p>Sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131, \u00f6\u011frencileri bireysel ve toplu olarak e\u011fitim deneyimlerinin kalitesini geli\u015ftirme ile me\u015fgul eder.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><i>\u015eekil 12.1.2 \u0130ngiltere Y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretim Kalite Kodu (eri\u015fim tarihi: Eyl\u00fcl 2019)<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Bununla birlikte tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131z olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen bu t\u00fcr sistem \u00e7ap\u0131nda kodlar, belirli bir derste kaliteyi sa\u011flama \u00f6zellikleri i\u00e7in \u00e7ok geneldir. D\u0131\u015f kurulu\u015flardan gelen bask\u0131lar sonucunda bir\u00e7ok kurum, normal akademik onay s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinin \u00fczerinde formal kalite g\u00fcvence s\u00fcre\u00e7lerini de uygulamaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck maliyetli genel bir \u00e7er\u00e7eve i\u00e7in bkz. Clarke-Okah ve Daniel, 2010).<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"western\">12.1.3 \u0130\u00e7 kalite g\u00fcvencesi<\/h2>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Bir kurumda kaliteli \u00f6\u011fretim programlar\u0131 verilmesini temin etmede kullan\u0131lan i\u00e7 s\u00fcre\u00e7lerin \u00f6zellikle \u00f6nemli oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir. S\u00fcre\u00e7 kurumlar aras\u0131nda belirgin farkl\u0131l\u0131klar g\u00f6sterse de, \u00fcniversitelerde olduk\u00e7a standart bir s\u00fcre\u00e7 s\u00f6z konusudur.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"western\">12.1.3.1 Bir program\u0131n kalitesini sa\u011flamak<\/h2>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Yeni bir lisans veya lisans\u00fcst\u00fc program teklifi, genellikle b\u00f6l\u00fcm i\u00e7indeki \u00f6\u011fretim \u00fcyeleri taraf\u0131ndan gelir. Teklif \u00f6nce B\u00f6l\u00fcm Kurulu\u2019nda, daha sonra Fak\u00fclte Kurulu\u2019nda g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcl\u00fcr, d\u00fczenlenir ve onayland\u0131ktan sonra nihai onay i\u00e7in \u00fcniversite Senatosu\u2019na g\u00f6nderilir. Yeni \u00f6\u011fretim \u00fcyesi istihdam\u0131 gibi kaynak kullan\u0131m\u0131 da s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in Rekt\u00f6rl\u00fck makam\u0131 ve ba\u011fl\u0131 idari birimler de s\u00fcrece dahil olur.<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">A\u015f\u0131r\u0131 genelleme olarak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclebilecek olsa da bu teklif dosyalar\u0131nda dersleri kimin verece\u011fi, dersi verecek \u00f6\u011fretim elemanlar\u0131n\u0131n sahip oldu\u011fu yeterlilikler, programda yer alacak i\u00e7erik (genellikle derslerin k\u0131sa a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131n\u0131n oldu\u011fu bir liste \u015feklinde), okuma listesi ve \u00f6\u011frencilerin nas\u0131l de\u011ferlendirilece\u011fine dair bilgiler yer al\u0131r. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde, bu t\u00fcr tekliflerde program\u0131n \u00f6\u011frenme \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131lar\u0131 da yer almaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">E\u011fer bir program\u0131n i\u00e7inde yeni dersler a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in ve tamamen \u00e7evrim i\u00e7i verilecek bir program\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in teklif verilmi\u015fse, teklif i\u00e7eride \u00e7ok dikkatli ve <span style=\"color: #008000;\">detayl\u0131<\/span> bir incelemeye tabi tutulacakt\u0131r. . Bir teklife d\u00e2hil edilmesi pek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmayan \u015fey, <em class=\"western\"><i> y\u00f6ntemleri <\/i><\/em> \u00f6\u011fretme y\u00f6ntemi kullan\u0131lacakt\u0131r. Bu genellikle her bir \u00f6\u011fretim \u00fcyesi <span style=\"color: #008000;\">veya \u00f6\u011fretmenlerin (bir yard\u0131mc\u0131 veya s\u00f6zle\u015fme e\u011fitmeni de\u011filseniz)<\/span>sorumlulu\u011fu olarak kabul edilir . Bu b\u00f6l\u00fcmde, kalitenin bu boyutunu ele alaca\u011f\u0131z. Dijital \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n gerektirdi\u011fi bilgi ve becerilerin geli\u015ftirilmesinde \u00f6\u011fretim y\u00f6nteminin veya \u00f6\u011frenme ortam\u0131n\u0131n etkilili\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan kalite..<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"western\">12.1.3.2 S\u0131n\u0131f \u00f6\u011fretiminin kalitesini sa\u011flama<\/h2>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Kaliteli bir geleneksel s\u0131n\u0131f i\u00e7i \u00f6\u011fretimin ne olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fine dair bir\u00e7ok rehber bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bunlar\u0131n aras\u0131nda belki de en bilineni, Chickering ve Gamson\u2019\u0131n (1987) 50 y\u0131ld\u0131r \u00f6\u011fretimde en iyi uygulamalar \u00fczerinde yap\u0131lan ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n bir analizini yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmad\u0131r. Onlar bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda savunduklar\u0131 Lisans \u00f6\u011frenimi i\u00e7in iyi uygulamalar:<\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">\u00d6\u011frenci ve \u00f6\u011fretim eleman\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki ba\u011flant\u0131y\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7lendirir.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">\u00d6\u011frenciler aras\u0131ndaki i\u015f birli\u011fini ve kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 geli\u015ftirir..<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Aktif \u00f6\u011frenmeyi te\u015fvik eder.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">An\u0131nda geri bildirim sa\u011flar.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Zaman\u0131n \u00f6nemini vurgular.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Beklentilerin y\u00fckselmesini sa\u011flar.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Farkl\u0131 yeteneklere ve \u00f6\u011frenme bi\u00e7imlerine sayg\u0131 g\u00f6sterir.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Ancak, bu standartlar hem y\u00fcz y\u00fcze hem de \u00e7evrim i\u00e7i \u00f6\u011fretim i\u00e7in ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde uygulanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"western\">12.1.3.3 \u00c7evrim i\u00e7i ders ve programlarda kalite<\/h2>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">\u00c7evrim i\u00e7i \u00f6\u011frenme yeni bir kavram oldu\u011fu ve kalitesiyle ilgili soru i\u015faretlerine a\u00e7\u0131k oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in \u00e7evrim i\u00e7i programlarla ilgili olarak bir\u00e7ok rehber, iyi uygulamalar ve kalite g\u00fcvence \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fctleri vard\u0131r. Bu rehberlerin ve prosed\u00fcrlerin t\u00fcm\u00fc, daha \u00f6nceden y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 \u00e7evrim i\u00e7i program deneyimlerinden, \u00f6\u011frenme ve \u00f6\u011fretmedeki en iyi uygulamalardan ve \u00e7evrim i\u00e7i \u00f6\u011frenme ve \u00f6\u011fretmeye ili\u015fkin ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve de\u011ferlendirmelerden elde edilmi\u015ftir. \u00c7evrim i\u00e7i \u00f6\u011frenme konusunda \u00e7evrim i\u00e7i kalite g\u00fcvence standartlar\u0131, kurumlar ve ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar Ek 2\u2019de yer almaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">D\u00fcnyadaki \u00e7ok say\u0131da \u00e7evrim i\u00e7i ve uzaktan e\u011fitim kurumlar\u0131n\u0131 inceledikleri \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda Jung ve Latchem (2102), kurumlardaki \u00e7evrim i\u00e7i ve uzaktan e\u011fitim faaliyetlerinin kalite g\u00fcvence s\u00fcre\u00e7lerine ili\u015fkin \u00f6nemli noktalara de\u011finmi\u015flerdir:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">birincil kalite \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm\u00fc olarak \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131lara odaklan\u0131r;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">kalite g\u00fcvencesine sistemli bir yakla\u015f\u0131m sergiler;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">kalite g\u00fcvencesini, s\u00fcrekli iyile\u015ftirme s\u00fcreci olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcr;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">kurumu d\u0131\u015f kontrolden ziyade, i\u00e7eride bir kalite k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc olu\u015fturulmas\u0131na y\u00f6nlendirir;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">kalitesizli\u011fin maliyeti \u00e7ok olur, bu nedenle kaliteye yat\u0131r\u0131m yapmaya de\u011fer&#8230;<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">\u00c7evrim i\u00e7i \u00f6\u011frenmede kaliteyi sa\u011flamak \u00e7ok zor de\u011fildir. Bir t\u00fcr b\u00fcrokrasi olu\u015fturmaya gerek olmasa da kurumlar\u0131n veya \u00f6\u011fretmenlerin standartlar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lay\u0131p kar\u015f\u0131lamad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 izlemeyi sa\u011flayacak bir \u00e7e\u015fit mekanizma olu\u015fturmak faydal\u0131 olacakt\u0131r. Ancak ayn\u0131 \u015feyi y\u00fcz y\u00fcze \u00f6\u011fretim i\u00e7in de yapmal\u0131y\u0131z. Gittik\u00e7e daha fazla akredite olmu\u015f (ve \u201cy\u00fcksek kalite\u201d) kamp\u00fcs tabanl\u0131 kurumlar melez \u00f6\u011frenmeye ge\u00e7meye ba\u015flad\u0131k\u00e7a, programlar\u0131n \u00e7evrim i\u00e7i \u00f6\u011frenme \u00f6gelerinde kalitenin olu\u015fturulmas\u0131 daha da \u00f6nemli h\u00e2le gelecektir.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"western\">12.1.4 Kalite standartlar\u0131n\u0131 uygulamada tutarl\u0131l\u0131k<\/h2>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Hem y\u00fcz y\u00fcze hem \u00e7evrim i\u00e7i \u00f6\u011fretimde kalitenin temini i\u00e7in \u00e7ok say\u0131da kan\u0131t tabanl\u0131 rehber bulunmaktad\u0131r. Buradaki as\u0131l g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fck, \u00f6\u011fretmenlerin ve \u00f6\u011fretim elemanlar\u0131n\u0131n bu en iyi uygulamalardan haberdar olmas\u0131n\u0131 ve kurumlar\u0131n kaliteli bir \u00f6\u011fretim i\u00e7in gerekli olan bu rehberlerin uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayacak s\u00fcre\u00e7lerin i\u015fe ko\u015fulmas\u0131n\u0131 temin etmektir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Kalite g\u00fcvence y\u00f6ntemleri, sahte \u00f6zel sekt\u00f6r kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n sisteme d\u00e2hil olmas\u0131ndan endi\u015fe eden ajanslar veya \u00e7evrim i\u00e7i \u00f6\u011frenmeyi kullanarak k\u0131sa yoldan kar etmeyi ya da standartlar\u0131 sa\u011flamadan maliyetleri d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmeyi ama\u00e7layan e\u011fitim kurumlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nlenebilmesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00e7ok de\u011ferli ve \u00f6nemlidir. Kalite g\u00fcvence y\u00f6ntemleri, yeni g\u00f6reve ba\u015flayan veya teknoloji konusunda s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131 \u00e7eken \u00f6\u011fretmenlere teknolojiyle \u00f6\u011fretim yapmay\u0131 \u00f6\u011fretmek ve en iyi uygulamalar\u0131 g\u00f6rmelerini sa\u011flamak a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan faydal\u0131 olabilir. Ancak sayg\u0131n devlet \u00fcniversiteleri veya y\u00fcksekokullar i\u00e7in ayn\u0131 kalite g\u00fcvence standartlar\u0131, aktar\u0131m y\u00f6ntemlerindeki farka g\u00f6re ayarlanm\u0131\u015f olsa bile <span style=\"color: #008000;\">y\u00fcz y\u00fcze ve \u00e7evrim i\u00e7i \u00f6\u011fretim i\u00e7in de ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde<\/span> ge\u00e7erli olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"western\">12.1.5 Kalite g\u00fcvencesi, inovasyon ve \u00f6\u011frenme \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131lar\u0131<\/h2>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">\u00c7o\u011fu kalite g\u00fcvence s\u00fcreci, \u00f6\u011frencilerin ger\u00e7ekten ne \u00f6\u011frendi\u011fi gibi \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131lar yerine girdilere (\u00f6\u011fretim elemanlar\u0131n\u0131n akademik yeterlilikleri, veya etkin bir \u00f6\u011fretim i\u00e7in uygulanmas\u0131 gereken s\u00fcre\u00e7ler yani a\u00e7\u0131k ve net tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015f \u00f6\u011frenme \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131lar\u0131 gibi ya da ADDIE veya T\u00fcrk\u00e7e k\u0131saltmas\u0131yla ATGUD gibi sistem tabanl\u0131 ders tasar\u0131m y\u00f6ntemleri gibi) odaklan\u0131rlar. Kalite g\u00fcvence s\u00fcre\u00e7leri, ayn\u0131 zamanda, <em class=\"western\"><i>geriye<\/i><\/em> d\u00f6n\u00fckt\u00fcr; yani ge\u00e7mi\u015fteki en iyi uygulamalara odaklan\u0131rlar.<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">\u00d6zellikle yeni \u00f6\u011fretim yakla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131 de\u011ferlendirilirken bunun dikkate al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekir. Butcher ve Hoosen\u2019a (2014) g\u00f6re:<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><em>Geleneksel \u00f6tesi y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretimin kalite g\u00fcvence s\u00fcreci karma\u015f\u0131kt\u0131r \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k ve esneklik bu yeni yakla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6zelli\u011fidir. Halbuki, geleneksel kalite g\u00fcvence y\u00f6ntemleri daha s\u0131k\u0131 yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u00e7er\u00e7eveler i\u00e7indeki \u00f6\u011fretme ve \u00f6\u011frenme i\u00e7in tasarlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Bununla birlikte Butcher ve Hoosen (2014) \u015f\u00f6yle devam ediyor:<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><i><em class=\"western\">k<\/em><\/i><\/span><\/span><em>aliteye ili\u015fkin temel yarg\u0131lar, e\u011fitimin geleneksel veya geleneksel \u00f6tesi bir yakla\u015f\u0131mla verilip verilmedi\u011fine ba\u011fl\u0131 olmamal\u0131d\u0131r\u2026 a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131k alan\u0131nda ya\u015fanan ilerlemelerin kurumlardaki kalite g\u00fcvence uygulamalar\u0131 \u00fczerinde b\u00fcy\u00fck de\u011fi\u015fimlere yol a\u00e7mas\u0131 beklenmemektedir. Kaliteli bir y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretimin ilkeleri de\u011fi\u015fmemi\u015ftir &#8230; Kaliteli uzaktan e\u011fitim, kaliteli e\u011fitimin bir alt k\u00fcmesidir&#8230; Uzaktan e\u011fitim de, genel olarak e\u011fitim i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erli olan ayn\u0131 kalite g\u00fcvence mekanizmalar\u0131na tabi olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Bu t\u00fcr arg\u00fcmanlar, \u00f6\u011frenme \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z \u00f6\u011frenme, ileti\u015fim i\u00e7in sosyal medya kullan\u0131m\u0131 ve bilgi y\u00f6netimi gibi ge\u00e7mi\u015fte \u00e7ok da a\u00e7\u0131kta olmayan birtak\u0131m becerilerin geli\u015ftirilmesini de i\u00e7eren dijital \u00e7a\u011fda \u00f6\u011fretim i\u00e7in \u00f6zel bir m\u00fccadele alan\u0131 ortaya koymaktad\u0131r. Kalite g\u00fcvence s\u00fcre\u00e7leri genellikle belirli \u00f6\u011frenme \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131lar\u0131na de\u011fil daha \u00e7ok dersi veya program\u0131 bitirme oranlar\u0131, diploma almaya hak kazanma s\u00fcresi veya ge\u00e7mi\u015fteki \u00f6\u011frenme hedeflerine g\u00f6re al\u0131nan notlar gibi genel performans \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcmlerine ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Ayr\u0131ca, Tema <span style=\"color: #008000;\">9, 10 ve 11<\/span>\u2019de de g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz gibi yeni ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan medya t\u00fcrleri ve yeni \u00f6\u011fretim y\u00f6ntemleri en iyi uygulamalar\u0131n analizini yapmam\u0131za izin verecek kadar eski de\u011fildir. Ge\u00e7mi\u015fteki uygulamalara ba\u011fl\u0131 kat\u0131 bir kalite de\u011ferlendirmesinin, \u00f6\u011fretim alan\u0131ndaki inovasyonlar \u00fczerinde ve yeni ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan \u00f6\u011frenme ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamada ciddi bir olumsuz etkisi olabilecektir. &#8216;En iyi uygulama\u2019n\u0131n zaman zaman sorgulanmas\u0131 gerekir ki yeni yakla\u015f\u0131mlar denenebilsin ve de\u011ferlendirilebilsin.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"western\">12.1.6 Kalitenin \u00f6z\u00fcne ula\u015fmak<\/h2>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Kurumsal akreditasyon, programlar\u0131n incelenmesi ve onaylanmas\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan i\u00e7 prosed\u00fcrler ve formal kalite g\u00fcvence s\u00fcre\u00e7leri \u00f6nemli olsa da \u00f6zellikle de d\u0131\u015fa hesap verebilirlik a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6\u011frenme ve \u00f6\u011fretmede kalitenin ne oldu\u011fu konusunun \u00f6z\u00fcne inememektedir. Bunlar, bir nevi resm\u00ee g\u00fcnlerde yap\u0131lan devlet t\u00f6renleri gibidir. Saray\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcndeki n\u00f6bet\u00e7i de\u011fi\u015fimi bir merasimden ibarettir; ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011fa veya monar\u015fiye bir ba\u015fkald\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n, i\u015fgalin veya ter\u00f6rist sald\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesine kar\u015f\u0131 bir savunma eylemi de\u011fildir. Bu t\u00fcr merasimler ve rit\u00fceller milli kimlik i\u00e7in ne kadar gerekliyse, derin ve s\u0131k\u0131 ba\u011flar da g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir devletin \u00f6nemli \u00f6zelliklerindendir. Benzer \u015fekilde bir \u00fcniversite veya herhangi bir e\u011fitim kurumu da \u00f6\u011frenme ve \u00f6\u011fretmeyi d\u00fczenleyen idari s\u00fcre\u00e7lerden \u00e7ok daha fazlas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Kalite y\u00f6netimi s\u00fcrecinin sonunda, en k\u00f6t\u00fc ihtimalle, t\u00fcm y\u00f6netim s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinin yap\u0131lageldi\u011fini g\u00f6steren ve t\u00fcm kutucuklar\u0131 i\u015faretlenmi\u015f bir anket elimize ge\u00e7er; ancak, \u00f6\u011frencilerin teknoloji sayesinde daha fazla veya daha iyi \u00f6\u011frenip \u00f6\u011frenmedi\u011fini h\u00e2la bilmiyoruzdur. \u00d6\u011frenme ve \u00f6\u011fretme \u00f6z\u00fcnde \u00e7ok insani etkinliklerdir ve bu etkinliklerin ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olabilmesi i\u00e7in \u00f6\u011fretmen ile \u00f6\u011frenci aras\u0131nda g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir ba\u011f gerekir. \u00d6\u011frenmenin \u00f6yle bir duygusal ve g\u00fcd\u00fcsel boyutu vard\u0131r ki \u2018iyi\u2019 bir \u00f6\u011fretmen o ba\u011flant\u0131y\u0131 kurdu\u011fu anda yol g\u00f6stermeye ba\u015flar.<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Bir\u00e7ok \u00f6\u011fretmen ve \u00f6\u011fretim eleman\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6\u011fretim s\u00fcrecinde teknoloji kullan\u0131m\u0131na ili\u015fkin duydu\u011fu kayg\u0131n\u0131n bir sebebi de, \u00f6\u011frenciye g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fck \u00e7ekti\u011fi zamanlarda destek olmak veya konu alan\u0131yla ilgili ona esin kayna\u011f\u0131 olmak ya da \u00f6\u011frenme tutkusunu \u00fcst d\u00fczeylere \u00e7\u0131karmak i\u00e7in gerekli olan bu duygusal ba\u011f\u0131n kurulmas\u0131n\u0131n zor ve hatta imk\u00e2ns\u0131z olaca\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesidir. Ancak teknolojinin art\u0131k hi\u00e7 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kadar g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ve esnek oldu\u011funu g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131rsak, teknoloji do\u011fru y\u00f6netildi\u011fi takdirde, yaln\u0131zca \u00f6\u011fretmen ve \u00f6\u011frenci aras\u0131nda de\u011fil y\u00fcz y\u00fcze tan\u0131\u015fmam\u0131\u015f olsalar da \u00f6\u011frenciler aras\u0131nda bile bu t\u00fcr ba\u011flar\u0131n geli\u015ftirilmesi art\u0131k g\u00fc\u00e7 de\u011fildir.<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">E\u011fitimde kaliteyle ilgili her tart\u0131\u015fman\u0131n ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n, \u00f6\u011frenmenin bu t\u00fcr duygusal boyutlar\u0131n\u0131 da dikkate almas\u0131 gerekir. Teknoloji veya kalite g\u00fcvencesi konular\u0131ndaki davran\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131mlar, bu fakt\u00f6r\u00fc genellikle g\u00f6z ard\u0131 ederler. Sonu\u00e7 olarak bu b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn ilerleyen k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131nda, teknik a\u00e7\u0131dan en iyi uygulamalar ile birlikte \u00f6\u011frenme ve \u00f6\u011fretmenin daha insani y\u00f6nlerini konu\u015faca\u011f\u0131z. Elbette, \u00f6zellikle teknoloji tabanl\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenme ortamlar\u0131nda&#8230;<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"western\">12.1.7 Kalite g\u00fcvencesi: dijital \u00e7a\u011fda amaca uygunluk<\/h2>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">G\u00fcn\u00fcn sonunda, dijital \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n amac\u0131na uygun olarak \u00f6\u011frenme ve \u00f6\u011fretmede kaliteye ili\u015fkin en iyi g\u00f6stergeler \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">hem \u00f6\u011fretim y\u00f6ntemleri hem de \u00f6\u011fretim ama\u00e7l\u0131 teknoloji kullan\u0131m\u0131 konusunda e\u011fitim alm\u0131\u015f, nitelikli konu alan\u0131 uzmanlar\u0131;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">profesyonel, e\u011fitimli \u00f6\u011frenme teknolojileri destek personeli;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">\u00f6\u011fretmen\/\u00f6\u011frenci oranlar\u0131n\u0131 da i\u00e7eren yeterli kaynaklar;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">uygun \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma y\u00f6ntemleri (tak\u0131m \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131, proje y\u00f6netimi);<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">s\u00fcrekli iyile\u015ftirmeye y\u00f6nelik sistematik de\u011ferlendirme.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Kamp\u00fcs e\u011fitimlerinin \u00e7evrim i\u00e7i veya harmanlanm\u0131\u015f \u00f6\u011frenmeye ge\u00e7tiklerinde neler yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131na \u00e7ok daha fazla dikkat g\u00f6sterilmesi gerekmektedir. En iyi uygulamalar\u0131 m\u0131 tercih ediyorlar, yoksa hem geleneksel y\u00fcz y\u00fcze \u00f6\u011fretimin hem \u00e7evrim i\u00e7i \u00f6\u011frenmenin en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc y\u00f6nlerini kullanan yenilik\u00e7i \u00f6\u011fretim y\u00f6ntemleri mi geli\u015ftiriyorlar? KA\u00c7D\u2019lerin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 ve ABD\u2019nde \u00e7evrim i\u00e7i \u00f6\u011frenmeye ge\u00e7en \u00e7o\u011fu iki y\u0131ll\u0131k okuldaki okulu b\u0131rakma oranlar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcksekli\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fczde, yenilik\u00e7i \u00f6\u011fretim y\u00f6ntemleri sav\u0131n\u0131n ge\u00e7erli olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz.<\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">E\u011fer amac\u0131m\u0131z \u00f6\u011frencilerin dijital \u00e7a\u011fda ihtiya\u00e7 duyacaklar\u0131 bilgi ve becerileri geli\u015ftirmekse, \u00f6\u011fretim s\u00fcrecindeki en iyi uygulamalar hakk\u0131nda bildiklerimizi de dikkate alarak kaliteyi de\u011ferlendirmemiz gereken \u2018standart\u2019 i\u015fte tam da budur. Bu b\u00f6l\u00fcmde dijital \u00e7a\u011fda kaliteli bir \u00f6\u011fretim i\u00e7in yapaca\u011f\u0131m \u00f6neriler, bu \u2018amaca uygunluk\u2019 ilkesini temel alacakt\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"western\"><span style=\"color: #333333;\">Kaynak\u00e7a ve ek okumalar<\/span><\/h2>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Butcher, N. and Hoosen, S. (2014) A Guide to Quality in Post-traditional Online Higher Education Dallas TX: Academic Partnerships<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Chickering, A., and Gamson, Z. (1987) \u2018Seven Principles for Good Practice in Undergraduate Education\u2019 <em class=\"western\"><i>Washington Center News<\/i><\/em> (originally published in <em class=\"western\"><i>AAHE Bulletin,<\/i><\/em> March 1987)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Clarke-Okah, W. and Daniel, J. (2010) <em class=\"western\"><i>The Commonwealth of Learning: Review and Improvement Model <\/i><\/em>Burnaby BC: Commonwealth of Learning<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\">Jung, I. and Latchem, C. (2012) Quality Assurance and Accreditation in Distance Education and e-Learning New York\/London: Routledge<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Etkinlik 12.1 \u00d6\u011frenme ve \u00f6\u011fretmede `kalite\u2019nin tan\u0131mlanmas\u0131<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Mevcut<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">kurumsal akreditasyon ve<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">d\u00e2hili kalite g\u00fcvenirlik s\u00fcre\u00e7leri hakk\u0131nda ne d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorsunuz?<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\">Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7ler, dijital \u00e7a\u011f i\u00e7in \u00f6\u011frenme ve \u00f6\u011fretmede kaliteyi garanti ediyor mu? Etmiyorsa, sizce neden?<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"menu_order":1,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[48],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-282","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry","chapter-type-numberless"],"part":280,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/acikkitap.com.tr\/dijital\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/282","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/acikkitap.com.tr\/dijital\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/acikkitap.com.tr\/dijital\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/acikkitap.com.tr\/dijital\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/acikkitap.com.tr\/dijital\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/282\/revisions"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/acikkitap.com.tr\/dijital\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/280"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/acikkitap.com.tr\/dijital\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/282\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/acikkitap.com.tr\/dijital\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=282"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/acikkitap.com.tr\/dijital\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=282"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/acikkitap.com.tr\/dijital\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=282"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/acikkitap.com.tr\/dijital\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=282"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}