{"id":75,"date":"2020-09-03T15:35:10","date_gmt":"2020-09-03T12:35:10","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/acikkitap.com.tr\/dijital\/chapter\/__unknown__-18\/"},"modified":"2020-09-03T15:35:10","modified_gmt":"2020-09-03T12:35:10","slug":"__unknown__-18","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/acikkitap.com.tr\/dijital\/chapter\/__unknown__-18\/","title":{"raw":"3.1 Be\u015f \u00f6\u011fretim yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131","rendered":"3.1 Be\u015f \u00f6\u011fretim yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131"},"content":{"raw":"\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span lang=\"zxx\">\u00d6\u011fretim y\u00f6ntemleri ile ilgili s\u00f6ylenecek ilk \u015fey, \u00f6\u011fretim y\u00f6ntemlerinin \u00f6\u011frenme kuramlar\u0131ndan hareketle ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fine dair bir kural olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle de y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretimde, \u00e7o\u011fu e\u011fitmen kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6\u011fretim y\u00f6nteminin davran\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131 veya yap\u0131land\u0131rmac\u0131 olarak etiketlenmesine \u015fa\u015f\u0131racakt\u0131r. Di\u011fer taraftan, bu t\u00fcr \u00f6\u011fretim y\u00f6ntemlerini kuramdan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak nitelemek de \u00e7ok do\u011fru de\u011fildir. Bilginin do\u011fas\u0131na ili\u015fkin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerin, tercih edilen \u00f6\u011fretim y\u00f6ntemleri \u00fczerindeki etkisini bir \u00f6nceki b\u00f6l\u00fcmde g\u00f6rd\u00fck. Ancak, bu etkiyi gere\u011finden fazla vurgulamak \u00e7ok da ak\u0131ll\u0131ca olmayacakt\u0131r. \u00d6\u011fretimin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, en az\u0131ndan y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretim d\u00fczeyinde, ki\u015finin kendi e\u011fitmenlerinden birinden g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc y\u00f6ntemleri taklit edip (\u00f6\u011frencilerin ger\u00e7ekten nas\u0131l \u00f6\u011frendi\u011fine y\u00f6nelik kuramlar\u0131 \u00e7ok da dikkate almadan) zaman i\u00e7inde a\u015famal\u0131 olarak iyile\u015ftirdi\u011fi \u00e7\u0131rakl\u0131k modeline dayal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span lang=\"zxx\">Dan Pratt (1998) be\u015f \u00fclkede 253 yeti\u015fkin e\u011fitimcisiyle yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada, \u2018<\/span><em class=\"western\"><span lang=\"zxx\"><i>nitel olarak be\u015f farkl\u0131 \u00f6\u011fretim yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131\u2019 belirlemi\u015f ve \u2018her bir yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 me\u015fru bir \u00f6\u011fretim g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc<\/i><\/span><\/em><span lang=\"zxx\">\u2019 olarak sunmu\u015ftur:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n<ul>\n \t<li>\n<p class=\"list-bullet-4-western\"><b><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span lang=\"zxx\">iletim<\/span><\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span lang=\"zxx\">: i\u00e7eri\u011fin etkin bir bi\u00e7imde aktar\u0131lmas\u0131 (nesnelci yakla\u015f\u0131m)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n \t<li>\n<p class=\"list-bullet-4-western\"><b><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span lang=\"zxx\">\u00e7\u0131rakl\u0131k<\/span><\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span lang=\"zxx\">: var olan\u0131n modellenmesi (denetim alt\u0131nda yaparak \u00f6\u011frenme)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n \t<li>\n<p class=\"list-bullet-4-western\"><b><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span lang=\"zxx\">geli\u015fimsel<\/span><\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span lang=\"zxx\">: d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnme yollar\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015ftirilmesi (yap\u0131land\u0131rmac\u0131 \/ bili\u015fselci)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n \t<li>\n<p class=\"list-bullet-4-western\"><b><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span lang=\"zxx\">yeti\u015ftirme<\/span><\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span lang=\"zxx\">: \u00f6z-yeterli\u011fin kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 (bili\u015fselci KA\u00c7D\u2019lerin temel ilkesi)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n \t<li>\n<p class=\"list-bullet-4-western\"><b><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span lang=\"zxx\">sosyal reform<\/span><\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span lang=\"zxx\">: daha iyi bir toplum aray\u0131\u015f\u0131.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span lang=\"zxx\">Bu yakla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131n her birinin \u00f6\u011frenme kuramlar\u0131yla bir \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde ili\u015fkili oldu\u011fu ve \u00f6\u011fretim y\u00f6ntemlerini y\u00f6nlendirdi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bu b\u00f6l\u00fcmde, baz\u0131 ortak \u00f6\u011fretim y\u00f6ntemlerini inceleyip Tema 1\u2019de \u00f6zetledi\u011fim bilgi ve becerilerin geli\u015ftirilmesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ne kadar uygun olduklar\u0131n\u0131 de\u011ferlendirece\u011fim.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span lang=\"zxx\">Bunu yaparken farkl\u0131 \u00f6\u011fretim y\u00f6ntemlerini iki tema alt\u0131nda ele alaca\u011f\u0131m. \u0130lk temada daha geleneksel okul veya kamp\u00fcs tabanl\u0131 \u00f6\u011fretimin getirisi olan tasar\u0131m modellerinden, ikinci temada ise internet teknolojilerinin daha fazla kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 tasar\u0131m modellerinden bahsedece\u011fim. Yine de Tema 10\u2019da g\u00f6rece\u011fimiz gibi bu ayr\u0131m giderek yok olmaya y\u00fcz tutmu\u015f durumda...<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"western\"><span lang=\"zxx\">Kaynak\u00e7a<\/span><\/h2>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\">Pratt, D. and Associates (1998)&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.ca\/Perspectives-Teaching-Adult-Higher-Education\/dp\/089464937X\"><em>Five Perspectives on Teaching in Adult and Higher Education<\/em><\/a>&nbsp;Malabar FL: Krieger Publishing Company<\/p>\n","rendered":"<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span lang=\"zxx\">\u00d6\u011fretim y\u00f6ntemleri ile ilgili s\u00f6ylenecek ilk \u015fey, \u00f6\u011fretim y\u00f6ntemlerinin \u00f6\u011frenme kuramlar\u0131ndan hareketle ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fine dair bir kural olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle de y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretimde, \u00e7o\u011fu e\u011fitmen kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6\u011fretim y\u00f6nteminin davran\u0131\u015f\u00e7\u0131 veya yap\u0131land\u0131rmac\u0131 olarak etiketlenmesine \u015fa\u015f\u0131racakt\u0131r. Di\u011fer taraftan, bu t\u00fcr \u00f6\u011fretim y\u00f6ntemlerini kuramdan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak nitelemek de \u00e7ok do\u011fru de\u011fildir. Bilginin do\u011fas\u0131na ili\u015fkin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerin, tercih edilen \u00f6\u011fretim y\u00f6ntemleri \u00fczerindeki etkisini bir \u00f6nceki b\u00f6l\u00fcmde g\u00f6rd\u00fck. Ancak, bu etkiyi gere\u011finden fazla vurgulamak \u00e7ok da ak\u0131ll\u0131ca olmayacakt\u0131r. \u00d6\u011fretimin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, en az\u0131ndan y\u00fcksek\u00f6\u011fretim d\u00fczeyinde, ki\u015finin kendi e\u011fitmenlerinden birinden g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc y\u00f6ntemleri taklit edip (\u00f6\u011frencilerin ger\u00e7ekten nas\u0131l \u00f6\u011frendi\u011fine y\u00f6nelik kuramlar\u0131 \u00e7ok da dikkate almadan) zaman i\u00e7inde a\u015famal\u0131 olarak iyile\u015ftirdi\u011fi \u00e7\u0131rakl\u0131k modeline dayal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span lang=\"zxx\">Dan Pratt (1998) be\u015f \u00fclkede 253 yeti\u015fkin e\u011fitimcisiyle yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada, \u2018<\/span><em class=\"western\"><span lang=\"zxx\"><i>nitel olarak be\u015f farkl\u0131 \u00f6\u011fretim yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131\u2019 belirlemi\u015f ve \u2018her bir yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 me\u015fru bir \u00f6\u011fretim g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc<\/i><\/span><\/em><span lang=\"zxx\">\u2019 olarak sunmu\u015ftur:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p class=\"list-bullet-4-western\"><b><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span lang=\"zxx\">iletim<\/span><\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span lang=\"zxx\">: i\u00e7eri\u011fin etkin bir bi\u00e7imde aktar\u0131lmas\u0131 (nesnelci yakla\u015f\u0131m)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"list-bullet-4-western\"><b><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span lang=\"zxx\">\u00e7\u0131rakl\u0131k<\/span><\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span lang=\"zxx\">: var olan\u0131n modellenmesi (denetim alt\u0131nda yaparak \u00f6\u011frenme)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"list-bullet-4-western\"><b><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span lang=\"zxx\">geli\u015fimsel<\/span><\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span lang=\"zxx\">: d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnme yollar\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015ftirilmesi (yap\u0131land\u0131rmac\u0131 \/ bili\u015fselci)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"list-bullet-4-western\"><b><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span lang=\"zxx\">yeti\u015ftirme<\/span><\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span lang=\"zxx\">: \u00f6z-yeterli\u011fin kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 (bili\u015fselci KA\u00c7D\u2019lerin temel ilkesi)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p class=\"list-bullet-4-western\"><b><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span lang=\"zxx\">sosyal reform<\/span><\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span lang=\"zxx\">: daha iyi bir toplum aray\u0131\u015f\u0131.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span lang=\"zxx\">Bu yakla\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131n her birinin \u00f6\u011frenme kuramlar\u0131yla bir \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde ili\u015fkili oldu\u011fu ve \u00f6\u011fretim y\u00f6ntemlerini y\u00f6nlendirdi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bu b\u00f6l\u00fcmde, baz\u0131 ortak \u00f6\u011fretim y\u00f6ntemlerini inceleyip Tema 1\u2019de \u00f6zetledi\u011fim bilgi ve becerilerin geli\u015ftirilmesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ne kadar uygun olduklar\u0131n\u0131 de\u011ferlendirece\u011fim.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\"><span style=\"font-family: Book Antiqua, serif;\"><span lang=\"zxx\">Bunu yaparken farkl\u0131 \u00f6\u011fretim y\u00f6ntemlerini iki tema alt\u0131nda ele alaca\u011f\u0131m. \u0130lk temada daha geleneksel okul veya kamp\u00fcs tabanl\u0131 \u00f6\u011fretimin getirisi olan tasar\u0131m modellerinden, ikinci temada ise internet teknolojilerinin daha fazla kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 tasar\u0131m modellerinden bahsedece\u011fim. Yine de Tema 10\u2019da g\u00f6rece\u011fimiz gibi bu ayr\u0131m giderek yok olmaya y\u00fcz tutmu\u015f durumda&#8230;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"western\"><span lang=\"zxx\">Kaynak\u00e7a<\/span><\/h2>\n<p lang=\"en-CA\">Pratt, D. and Associates (1998)&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.ca\/Perspectives-Teaching-Adult-Higher-Education\/dp\/089464937X\"><em>Five Perspectives on Teaching in Adult and Higher Education<\/em><\/a>&nbsp;Malabar FL: Krieger Publishing Company<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"menu_order":2,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[48],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-75","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry","chapter-type-numberless"],"part":72,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/acikkitap.com.tr\/dijital\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/75","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/acikkitap.com.tr\/dijital\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/acikkitap.com.tr\/dijital\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/acikkitap.com.tr\/dijital\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/acikkitap.com.tr\/dijital\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/75\/revisions"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/acikkitap.com.tr\/dijital\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/72"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/acikkitap.com.tr\/dijital\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/75\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/acikkitap.com.tr\/dijital\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=75"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/acikkitap.com.tr\/dijital\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=75"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/acikkitap.com.tr\/dijital\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=75"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/acikkitap.com.tr\/dijital\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=75"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}